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EN
The article outlines the cultural context of Russian women who contributed to the development of decadent poetry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most now forgotten or “occulted” (eclipsed, crowded out). Given the importance of gender theories and “feminine” discursive space in the Silver Age, this phenomenon must be examined; it is not just a typical example of women written out of literary history. The article suggests reasons why decadence may have appealed to women as well as why Russian women who adopted a specifically decadent position might not have been taken seriously. It ends by suggesting why more famous Russian poets (especially Axmatova and Cvetaeva, whose reputations have lasted and grown) achieved more lasting influence thanks to their occulted female predecessors.
EN
This paper reports on an action research study that took place during a one-week professional development course focused on establishing gender equality in primary schools, held in a Teachers’ College in Southern Tanzania (June/July 2015), in which 28 educators and administrators participated. I draw upon Sarah Ahmed’s (2005) theoretical framework of gender orientations to explore understanding of gender. A feminist, participatory, action research methodology using multimodal methods (Jewitt, 2008; Kress & van Leeuwen, 2001) was used to collect and analyze data. Highlighted are salient aspects activities and discussions in which the participants engaged concerned with constructions and orientations of gender, and gender-based oppression, violence, and discrimination and how these impact girls’ education. I also report on participants’ personal and professional knowledge, understanding, and insights into barriers to, and opportunities for gender equality and their proposed approaches for bringing about change through initiatives they articulated in the gender-responsive school action plans they began to develop. Findings indicate that despite the participants’ interest in learning more about gender constructions and orientations – conceptually as well as practically – and the implied expectation from policies than educators essential in bringing about transformative change leading to gender equality in society, the participants had had little, if any, exposure to policies, initiatives, resources, or professional development to guide and support them. Recommendations including provided professional development opportunities in gender-responsive pedagogy and programming at all schooling levels, and to include educators’ voices, as experts of their own contexts, in future policies, programming, and initiatives.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą literaturoznawczego spojrzenia na pamiętniki pisane przez kobietę. Ukazują one wiele szczegółów z powstania 1863 r., zsyłki na Syberię czy zamordowanie cara Aleksandra II. Niezwykle sugestywnie i obrazowo zostały przedstawione wydarzenia z buntów chłopskich na Ukrainie, współżycie dwóch wspólnot w Kamieńcu Podolskim czy stosunek Rosjan do Polaków na wschód od Charkowa. Ale przede wszystkim ukazują niesamowitą kobietę, która z niesamodzielnej, wrażliwej dziewczynki przeobraziła się w dojrzałą matkę, odpowiedzialną, samodzielną, odważną, bohaterkę swoich czasów, biorącą własny los i los innych w swoje ręce. Ponadto kobietę o szerokich horyzontach myślowych, z pewną nowoczesnością poglądów, prekursorkę równości społecznej, bystrą obserwatorkę i świadka wydarzeń politycznych, zmian dziejowych, na które potrafi spojrzeć krytycznie, również patriotkę. Niewiastę zaangażowaną, czynną w życiu publicznym, działaczkę.
EN
The following article is an insight into life revealed through diaries written by a woman. They make a valuable source of detailed information on such events as the Polish uprising of 1863, deportation to Siberia or the assassination of Tsar Alexander II. The diaries provide the reader with the first-hand and vivid accounts of peasant revolts in Ukraine, the coexistence of different nations in Kamieniec Podolski or the nature of Russian-Polish relations east of Charków. But above all, the diaries portray Maria Morzycka-Obuchowska as a remarkable woman, who changed from a dependent, and sensitive girl into a responsible, independent and brave mother, the heroine of her times. What emerges, it the image of a modern, broad-minded woman, a forerunner of social equality, a bright observer of political developments, and an avid patriot.
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