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EN
The aim of the article is to introduce Edinburgh as a“city of literature”. Special attention was paid to the Edinburgh International Book Festival. The author analyses selected aspects of the famous book celebrations, highlighting their innovation and impact on the surrounding reality.
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Review of: Mediations Biennale, Poznań 11.09-30.10.2010
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This article focuses on a three-day town celebration called Vinobranie (Grape Harvest), which takes place in the public space of the town of Pezinok in Western Slovakia. This eventis over eighty years old and was established the representatives of the town in collaboration with the local wine-growing association, organised with the support of the state railway company. The grape harvest festival is a mosaic of various elements with symbolic contents, representing an impressive whole wrapped in an offer of a varied programme and consumption. The study observes the changing form and structure of the festival from its origins up until the present day, as well as the dynamics of the range of its functions in the local community. The author follows an ethnological perspective. She draws on historical archive documents and ethnographic materials. In her analysis, she applies the concept of festival (Waldemar Cudny’s ‘Festivalisation of Urban Spaces’, 2016).
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The 51st Lubusz Film Summer (26 June - 2 July 2022) – reminiscences
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Aim. Ritual ceremonies in East Java, Indonesia are mostly accompanied by dances. The existence of the seblang dance in Banyuwangi, East Java, provides an attraction for local residents and tourists. With more and more people being interested in seeing rituals because of the dance, an idea arose to bring the dance to be the main source of attracting tourists by removing the ritual element and providing tourism packaging for the seblang dance which was then brought into the realm of tourism in the form of gandrung sewu. Method. This research is qualitative in nature, in which the required data can be in the form of written statements, whether contained in archives, books or documents with a focus on dance performances, charms in them, the possibility of therapeutic elements, and their relation to tourism development. The written data that was successfully collected was then confirmed with field data and information from relevant experts and experts. Results. The Gandrung Sewu Festival is a form of imitation of the Seblang dance with changes such as: a colossal form of variation, the audience does not need to pay to see it, has an economic and social impact on the surrounding environment, does not have a magical element but is more of a show, and is an imitation of the seblang sacred dance. Conclusion. The change in form and meaning of the Gandrung dance, which was originally a performance in a sacred ceremony, has become a tourism dance that meets the criteria for tourism art.
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: As a festival recreated in its modern form in 1873, the Nice Carnival has contributed to shaping the image of the city and of the French Riviera. While many carnivals and fairs in southeastern France have gradually lost success by becoming second-rate spring festivities, the carnival has remained a highlight in Nice: it is the event for which the town invests the most. In the city, the carnival takes place for a fortnight during the school holidays, and it has kept its role as a winter celebration. To explain these characteristics the author seeks to demonstrate the importance of the public and tourist policies that shape the way this carnival is put together, both as a festive ritual and a show. This emblematic carnival is promoted as a tradition and is seen as an economic stimulation process which is put forward through a marketing approach based on a context in which European cities are defined around central significant events. Designed as a leisure and family entertainment event, the Nice Carnival is also promoted as an international show, giving the city the image of a global carnival city at the same level as Venice and Rio. In Nice, the carnival is a lively show with paid admission, complete with grandstands and full of characters with caricatured features. Satire and irony are well organized – the floats and figurines in the procession are chosen by the city council after an invitation to tender. Every year, the city also selects a theme for the carnival. This institutionalization can also be witnessed in how the floats and the various parade figurines are built by experts, gathered together in family businesses. As a matter of fact, in Nice, the carnival is a matter of both professions and know-how. This article tends to show an original approach to the carnival compared with what is found in the traditional anthropological literature -in Nice, the carnival is not a transgressive ritual, a moment for excess, symbolizing inversion and disorder, but rather an official, institutional festival organized by the local powers.
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The study, which is result of the ethnological research conducted periodically since 2017, identifies factors which entered the process of the successful establishment of the Hont Parade Festival in Hrušov (Slovakia). At the same time, it demonstrates to what extent the festival has influenced the village and its citizens. In addition, the study outlines potential threats related to the locality and festival. Hrušov (the 2013 winner of the Village of the Year award) lies in a marginalised locality, which on one hand devalues the local community; on the other hand it motivates the local community towards social cohesion and cooperation. It appears that it is local citizens, community, exceptional leaders and generational coexistence, as well as intergenerational transmission of cultural values that constitute essential factors of the resilience against unfavourable determinants. All the abovementioned aspects can be considered to be main determinants in establishing and sustaining the festival of national importance. The festival presents a particular form of local community representation, it is a marketing tool, and it is involved in creating the image and brand of the village and region. Simultaneously, it is an important factor of the change which leads to the openness to the benefit of the village and its inhabitants. The festival brings some negative points, the main ones being the strain on the village environment and the decreasing number of inhabitants.
EN
The Hāsyārṇava of Jagadīśvara (14th century CE), because of its crude and, sometimes, vulgar tones, is one of the least studied prahasanas. The work depicts the celebration of the Spring Festival, Vasantotsava, with particular features which have few parallels in Sanskrit literature. The sacred meaning of the festivity in itself, which showed connections with the cult of Kāma and in this way centred on the themes of birth and regeneration, is mocked through comical devices. These themes contribute to outline a frame characterized by vulgar and degraded sexual elements. Despite its farcical and grotesque atmosphere, this comical piece undoubtedly underlines deep connections existing between a ritualistic act (understood here as the undertaking of the rite in the prahasana itself) and performative theatre in general.
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The article deals with analysis of government’s regulations which had great impact on development of amateur performances of student,from the perspective of studying historical-pedagogical and art-study sources. The article examines governmental regulations which had a significant impact on the improvement of educational work among students. Careful selection of repertoire for student amateur art, improvement of cultural services for students (opening students club and palaces of students), the allocation of student’s day is the basic for student’s amateur performances. Important role in the formation of creative students group was played by concerts-reviews of amateur performances of collectives of various education institutions, which were organized at the local, district, regional, republican and union levels (VI World Moscow festival of Youth and Students in Moscow (1957), and the first All-Union Festival of the pop theatres in Moscow (1965)). This contributed to the emergence of STEMs at various educational institutions in the country. The main areas of creative teams and student sections that were active in the study period are shown. The analysis of students’ concert choirs and orchestras is conducted and the following feature of creative teams are revealed: entertainming, charitable and educational functions; their contribution to the promotion of art among the general population is outlined. Meaningful historical and pedagogical analysis of a wide layer of archival material made the possibility to identify and characterize the features of creative groups: upbringing, educational, charitable and entertaining. It promotes formation of conscious and critical attitude to the world historical and educational heritage. The materials of the paper suggest a new approach to the analysis of archival materials, illumination and evaluation of controversial issues of student creative teams of Slobozhanshchina in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century.
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The aim of this paper is to present civil and religious festivals, as well as theatrical representations, performed in the sixteenth‑century New Spain, as examples of the convergence of elements introduced by the Spaniards and those already existing in the indigenous culture. Taking as a starting point a schematic presentation of such activities as dances, song performances, jugglers’ shows, mock battles and evangelization theater, our objective is to signal that due to the presence of certain pre‑Hispanic patrons for all these endeavors it is risky to qualify the indigenous contribution as superficial and limit it to the audiovisual elements. The issue is much more complex and the adoption of the native perspective, apart from that of the Spaniards, may reveal the profundity of the convergence of features proper to the Old and New World and help to unveil the perception and reception of the sixteenth‑century Mexican performances by its native inhabitants.
EN
The introductory part of the study deals with the change in the official value guidance in the “Second Republic”, the traditions of which continued in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Especially, it emphasizes the return of romantic view of the village and the farmer as apparent sources of national individuality. However, after the Munich Agreement, this outdated view interconnected with Nazi agrarianism. Both the Third Reich and the Protectorate adored ruralism, and revitalized folk customs and national costumes. High attention was paid to ethnographic festivals which, in the period of the Protectorate, were organized by National Partnership, Orel, natives’ associations, the Board of Trustees for the Education of Youth, and mainly the Ethnographic Moravia, an organization aimed to emphasize tribal dissimilarities of “Moravian Slovaks” and to break the unity of Czechness. These struggles were largely supported by the German University in Prague, and they were part of the Germanisation policy in the “Czech” space. The ethnographic exhibitions organized by the Ethnographic Moravia, and the exhibition called Germany in National Costumes (1942), organized by Prague Oberlandrat, featured similar focus. In contrast to them, the events organized by National Partnership, Orel, and natives’ associations aimed to support the Protectorate government and to promote folk culture as a source of Czechness, tolerated by the Nazi, at its cultural level.
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The aim of this article is to show Edinburgh as a city identified by its festivals. Two of them-Edinburgh International Festival and Edinburgh Festival Fringe-influenced cultural landscape of Scottish capital the most, and therefore they were analyzed extensively in this study. I intend to show how the concepts of “space” and “place” surface in the reception of the Edinburgh festivals. I’m presenting both-the residents’ and visitors’-perspectives. I’m trying to better understand how the city, art, and people collide, cooperate and-in the end-coexist.
EN
The contribution introduces the theme of research into a traditional Pentecost custom – the Ride of the Kings – in one of the ethnographic areas in the Czech Republic. The text is based on the contributions that became outcomes of international field research in a Czech location. This research was carried out thanks to the initiative of the ICTM Study Group on Ethnochoreology. The Group has dealt systematically with fieldwork through the ICTM Sub-Study Group of Field Research Theory and Method, a narrower-aimed study sub-group. The research focused on the traditional custom of the Ride of the Kings in the village of Vlčnov, which was chosen with special respect to the background provided by the inscription of the Ride on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The fact is undoubtedly reflected in how the outside world perceives the Ride and how the Ride is shared by the local community. It provides a space for research on viability and the process of transformations in this traditional expression in contemporary society.
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Jízda králů ve Vlčnově z pozice outsidera

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This article is based on field notes made during the international fieldwork organised by the ICTM Sub-Study Group on Field Research Theory and Methods in Vlčnov in 2012. It is written from the position of an outsider. We took into the consideration when you make field research in a society, where you do not talk the language, you have to choose your mission in accordance with your lingual constraints leaving you with the possibility of observing the non-lingual communication between the different “actors” and to analyse the different roles, which were played by these actors. Even for us as foreigners (Danish) it was easy to observe, that during the weekend of the Ride of the Kings, there were more than one feast going on in Vlčnov. Before our eyes, a traditional spring rite was played out side by side with more-commercial elements and a mini folklore festival. We made some photo documentation of the different kinds of amusement going on in the village, but concentrated mainly on the Ride of the Kings itself. The essence of the custom – young men’s riding on decorated horses through the village at springtime – is something well known in many European cultures – the Danish too. Thus, the Ride of the Kings should be compared with a Danish cystom rooted in pre-Christian fertility rituals which have two forms - the Shrovetide-ride and the “riding summer in town” at Whitsun - and which seem to have more elements of social control: not receiving the riders was the biggest shame.
Prace Etnograficzne
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2014
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vol. 42
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issue 2
135–145
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This paper, based on the results of a field research, presents an intercultural folklore festival, along with the world of cultural heritage and folkloristic traditions, as a dynamic and self-updating sociocultural construct, that despite the strong institacutionalization, mythologizing and hegemony still has a large potential for emancipation. This event is not entirely artifi cially created by widely understood experts, activists and leaders of folkloristic movement, according to presumed needs and preferences of festival audiences, but it is also an immanent reality, constantly being created by all participants. It is a metacommentary of contemporary folk actuality, constructed and negotiated in the course of interactions, activities and meaningful social practices which have highly performative character.
EN
Africa at one time was referred to as the wretched of the earth primarily because of the simple reason and belief that the continent is devoid of civilization, science and technology. Any intellectual and a right thinking individual would agree with this position that civilization is not relative or connected or tied to the west-Europe and America, or any other culture at that. What “Civilization” actually means is that it is the conventional way in which a group of people live their lives. It amounts to their religions, politics, norms and values, cultural disposition, interpersonal relation etc. It is pertinent to comprehend this distinction because it often erroneously believed when the term “civilization” is used the first thing that comes in to the minds of many is that civilization has to do with Modernity, the way of life of the white man, Science and Technology etc. Civilization can be best referred to as the way of life of a group of people, or a society that has a definite, systematic, consistent and organised ways of living their lives or co-existence. It is against this backdrop that this paper is presented, to inter alia, attempt to clarify the meaning of civilization and which group of people that can be regarded or referred to as civilized or not civilized. This exposition, hence, will consider those parameters that translate to civilization such as culture, tradition, norms, values, and festivals, ancestral worship etc. especially of the African people with particular attention on Nigerian in juxtaposition with other practices that are considered to be best world practices. This evaluation is necessitated by the fact that there is a need to explore the potentiality and actualization of the black African heritage and be in the position to judge whether or not the African culture can be on the same pedestal with other world cultures and civilizations that are regarded as most recognised and accepted conventions.
EN
The theoretic study mentions a series of articles that became an output of the international field research, which was initiated by the ICTM Study Group of Ethnochoreology. This study group focuses on the theme of field research within a more specialized ICTM Sub-Study Group of Field Research Theory and Method. The research was aimed at the traditional custom of the Ride of the Kings in Moravian Slovakia, which has been chosen with special reference to the context offered by its inscription on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This issue is projected to the perception of the customs by the surroundings, it is reflected in the way of its future sharing by the local community and it offers the field to research its viability and process of changes within the contemporary society. It is a pilot research that was drafted as an experiment because of the specific, collective, supranational and inter-generational approach and the application of some non-standard procedures consisting in combination of monitoring and interviewing techniques. It was one concrete year of the Ride of the Kings in Vlčnov (2012) that was monitored. The data, which the quantitative research concentrated within the restricted time and space, should especially help formulate next procedures, hypothesis and issues aimed at the research of the importance of the mentioned traditional Pentecost custom within the today’s society.
EN
Performance is an occurrence commonly associated with theater, but that concept has a very broad context. Nowadays there are a lot of phenomena we can perceive this way, not just theatrical or quasi-theatrical. If we assume that the most important aspect in this field is „eventness”, almost everything could be called a performance. This specific type of phenomenon (also of aesthetic nature) can be divided into cultural performances, technological performances and organizational performances (source: J. McKenzie) or otherwise into cultural and language performances (source: M. Carlson). In the category of cultural performances we can enter a whole multiplicity of occurrences or events, including festivals, for which eventness, liminality, a kind of subversive or ritualization are an absolute necessity. From this point of view we can also consider our indigenous Polish Woodstock Festival, providing a lot reflections: cultural, social and also aesthetic. Assuming that this festival is a part of aesthetics of the performance, we can expect fulfillment of three functions mentioned by McKenzie: (1) self-reflection and social reflection, (2) presentation of alternatives and (3) possibility for maintenance or changes. It is worth to think about festival’s liminality and context to see how, during a couple of summer days, hundreds of thousands of people participate in one of the largest cultural performance.
EN
The article is an attempt to analyze the relationship between a ritual event - Ride of the Kings - and the festival organized around it. Ride of the Kings is considered a ritual though its messages and symbols are not fully underwood by the community. While the King’s Ride ritual provides a valuable reason for the existence of the festival, the festival - in turn - contributes to the promotion and transformation of the ritual event. There are discussed three modalities of transforming the ritual in theatrical performance: 1. A metaphorical interpretation of the „riders‘ procession“ by the children, on stage; 2. The transformation in spectacle of the most important ritual moment: the dressing of the King in woman‘s clothes. 3. The creation of a concluding fragment performed on stage and presented as an integral part of the traditional procession. The coexistence and interaction between the cultural traditions of the Ride of the Kings ritual, and the arbitrarily added festival have ambivalent consequences. On one hand, the King’s Ride tradition functions to support and legitimate the existence of the touristic festival. On the other hand, because of growing number of outsiders asking for more spectacle, the Ride of the Kings ritual may become progressively a cultural commodity and an integral part of the festival by moving from its traditional physical and social locations on stage or by being transformed into a standardized theatrical performance.
Zarządzanie Mediami
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2016
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vol. 4
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issue 1
23-38
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The article presents the most important festivals of street art in Poland in 2014: the reasons of uprising, distinctive features, the ways of organizing and being held. Festival is shown as typical urban phenomenon, with the character referring to carnival’s parade and with the roots reaching the ancient times. These days, the performances in urban space are becoming a common way of getting to the new viewers, showing heretofore existing kinds of performance in another context – full of immediacy and unpredictability. The materials were collected with usage of the Internet sources and also by ethnographical methods – directly from the participants.
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