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EN
The aim of the paper is to determine the ways of metaphorising land and its crops by inhabitants of the Kłobuck county associated with agriculture. The metaphor is understood according to the assumptions of the cognitive stream of linguistics, i.e. as a linguistic means of conceptualising reality, and not only as a stylistic means. The analyses are aimed not only at describing the lexical resources of the subjects, but above all at determining the forms of their thinking and acting. One hundred inhabitants of the Kłobuck county took part in the survey. A half of them were between 20 and 40 years old, while the other half were at least 65 years old. The research tool was an interview questionnaire consisting of four questions. The questions were open-ended in order to decode the metaphor of land and its crops. The research made it possible to draw unambiguous conclusions about the conceptual tendencies manifested by both groups of respondents.
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Matematyka - nauka o fikcjach?

88%
PL
According to mathematical realism, mathematics describes an abstract realm of mathematical entities, and mathematical theorems are true in the classical sense of this term. In particular, mathematical realism is claimed to be the best theoretical explanation of the applicability of mathematics in science. According to Quine's indispensability argument, applicability is the best argument available in favor of mathematical realism. However, Quine's point of view has been questioned several times by the adherents of antirealism. According to Field, it is possible to show, that - in principle - mathematics is dispensable, and that so called synthetic versions of empirical theories are available. In his 'Science Without Numbers' Field follows the 'geometric strategy' - his aim is to reconstruct standard mathematical techniques in a suitable language, acceptable from the point of view of the nominalist. In the first part of the article, the author briefly presents Field's strategy. The second part is devoted to Balaguer's fictionalism, according to which mathematics is indispensable in science, but nevertheless can be considered to be a merely useful fiction.
EN
Text is conceived on the model of the puzzle, because as in the time of their first laying each element should be turned face-up and properly perceive it to fit into a whole, so each term of the Bourdieu’s social theory will first be discussed separately and then complete into a larger whole through issues related to the treatment of people with autism. This article is an attempt to reinterpret the category of symbolic violence in relation to the rehabilitation of autistic people, theoretical proposition in the study of this process.
XX
The field of physical (activity) and health education, or whatever it is called in any one of the world’s countries, has undergone a “determined” but often “confused” development in the 20th century. After Sputnik went up in 1957, the field sought help from a variety of disciplines (e.g., kinesiology) and professions (e.g., management) in an attempt to truly define itself. Building on what Arthur Steinhaus (George Williams College) stated were its four “principal principles” in the early 1950s, the author asserts that some 14 “principal principles” of the field can now be affirmed. Searching for consensus, a proposed taxonomy for “developmental physical activity in exercise, sport, and physical recreation” is offered here for consideration as the field moves along in the 21st century. The author argues that the field also needs to make available to the professional practitioner a computerized inventory of generalizations that represents a distillation of the field’s scientific and scholarly literature.
EN
In his writings at the end of the fifties, Merleau-Ponty introduced a new semantic and expressional circuit with the concept of “visibility”, a variation on the concept of “flesh” (chair). The aim of this article is to show that a consistent interpretation of this circuit necessarily leads us to a consideration of the concept of visibility as a systematically privileged viewpoint for the interpretation of all Merleau-Ponty’s more particular discussions. The concept of visibility, or flesh, summarises Merleau-Ponty’s thesis that the proper cohesion of the “horizon” or “field” is prior to that which is objectively and individually thinkable within it. Thus, Merleau-Ponty’s pivotal idea is set down not just from the phenomenological viewpoint, or in particular instances, but rather quite generally and in an ontological sense. The article offers an analysis of the lexis related to the concept of visibility, characterises Merleau-Ponty’s conception of phenomenon from its perspective and summarises its ontological consequences, using the example of two central themes i.e. the relation between subject and object and the relation between the empirical and ideal.
CS
Na konci padesátých let Merleau-Ponty ve svých textech zavádí nový formulační a významový okruh související s pojmem „viditelnosti“, variantou pojmu „tělesnost“ (chair). Cílem této stati je ukázat, že důsledná interpretace zmíněného okruhu nutně vede k tomu, že musíme pojem viditelnosti považovat za systematicky privilegované východisko pro interpretaci všech dílčích Merleau-Pontyho výkladů. Pojem viditelnosti resp. tělesnosti totiž shrnuje Merleau-Pontyho tezi o prioritě souvislosti „horizontu“ či „pole“ ve vztahu k tomu, co je předmětně a individuálně myslitelné uvnitř něj, a to nikoli již pouze z fenomenologického hlediska a u konkrétních témat, nýbrž obecně a v ontologickém smyslu. Článek nabízí rozbor lexika viditelnosti, z takto naznačené perspektivy viditelnosti charakterizuje Merleau-Pontyho pojetí fenoménu a shrnuje jeho ontologické důsledky na příkladu dvou ústředních témat, jimiž je vztah mezi subjektem a objektem a mezi empirickým a ideálním.
PL
According to Bourdieu, there are various forms of capital. It is with this contribution thathe is most commonly identified. Yet, the aim of this paper a is to show that the Bourdieusianframework brought about (or created) more harm than actual good. Paradoxically,whilst Bourdieu is commonly regarded as a culturalist, his approach is grounded in economismor economic imperialism2. This squeezing of the extra-economic phenomena intoan economic straightjacket, leads necessarily to the latter, i.e. the concept of capital beingover-stretched. In turn, the notion of cultural capital suffers from crude physicalism andunder-specification.
EN
According to Bourdieu, there are various forms of capital. It is with this contribution thathe is most commonly identified. Yet, the aim of this paper a is to show that the Bourdieusianframework brought about (or created) more harm than actual good. Paradoxically,whilst Bourdieu is commonly regarded as a culturalist, his approach is grounded in economismor economic imperialism2. This squeezing of the extra-economic phenomena intoan economic straightjacket, leads necessarily to the latter, i.e. the concept of capital beingover-stretched. In turn, the notion of cultural capital suffers from crude physicalism andunder-specification.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia możliwości analizy dyskursu w oparciu o socjologiczną teorię Pierre’a Bourdieu. Zestawiając tę perspektywę z innymi ujęciami, które zbiorczo określa się mianem krytycznej analizy dyskursu (KAD), wyodrębniono wątki, które mogą znaleźć szczególne zastosowanie przy badaniu różnego rodzaju tekstów zarówno pisanych, jak i mówionych. Dotyczy to w równej mierze procesów produkcji, jak i recepcji poszczególnych dyskursów. Kluczowym kierunkiem dociekań w tym względzie powinno być poszukiwanie znaturalizowanych kategorii organizujących ramy dyskursów i kształtujących subiektywne schematy ich percepcji. Równie ważne jest zlokalizowanie i zrekonstruowanie pól społecznych, gdyż pozostają one fundamentalnymi przestrzeniami produkcji symbolicznej. Analiza pól oraz relacji między nimi pozwala ponadto na zupełnie nowe podejście do centralnego tematu KAD-u, jakim jest analiza intertekstualna.
EN
The article presents the possible ways of developing discourse analysis on the grounds of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory. Comparing Bourdieu’s approach with other perspectives, defined here broadly as critical discourse analysis, the author points out these elements which seem useful in studying various types of texts (written and spoken) from sociological perspective. These observations concern both the processes of production and reception of individual discourses. The author considers quest for naturalized categories organizing the frames of discourses and managing subjective schemata of their perception to be a crucial direction of the proposed approach. Given that social fields should be considered as fundamental spaces of symbolic production, their identification and reconstruction is of primary importance. The analysis of fields and their inter-relations enables the development of a novel approach to intertextual analysis, which can be considered one of the fundamental objectives of CDA.
9
75%
PL
Numer został przygotowany przy wsparciu Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (1222/P-DUN/2015).
EN
The article handles a sociological formulation of the term in the works of the eminent scholar. It also takes into account a wider, explicative context relevant to other terms (field, capital, agent, disposition, competence, distinction) used to analyze French society. It is a synchronic approach to habitus overlapping its diachronic analysis referring to the use of the term habitus in Greek, Roman and Christian philosophy found i.e. in Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Virgil, Thomas Aquinas works.
EN
This article is part of a body of research into the conventions which govern the composition of Gothic texts. Gothic fiction resorts to formulas or formula-like constructions, but whereas in writers such as Ann Radcliffe this practice is apt to be masked by stylistic devices, it enjoys a more naked display in the–in our modern eyes–less ‘canonical’ Gothics, and it is in these that we may profitably begin an analysis. The novel selected was Peter Teuthold’s The Necromancer (1794)–a very free translation of K. F. Kahlert’s Der Geisterbanner (1792) and one of the seven Gothic novels mentioned in Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey. There is currently no literature on the topic of formulaic language in Gothic prose fiction. The article resorts to a modified understanding of the term ‘collocation’ as used in lexicography and corpus linguistics to identify the significant co-occurrence of two or more words in proximity. It also draws on insights from the Theory of Oral-Formulaic Composition, in particular as concerns the use of the term ‘formula’ in traditional epic poetry, though again some modifications are required by the nature of Teuthold’s text. The article differentiates between formula as a set of words which appear in invariant or near-invariant collocation more than once, and a formulaic pattern, a rather more complex, open system of collocations involving lexical and other fields. The article isolates a formulaic pattern-that gravitating around the node-word ‘horror’, a key word for the entire Gothic genre –, defines its component elements and structure within the book, and analyses its thematic importance. Key to this analysis are the concepts of overpatterning, ritualization, equivalence and visibility.
PL
Cel: Analiza perspektyw i koncepcji rozwoju polskiego medioznawstwa w zmieniających się warunkach organizacji życia naukowego w Polsce. Autorka porównuje wąską koncepcję medioznawstwa powiązanego z paradygmatem politologicznym oraz koncepcję luźnej federacji wielodyscyplinarnej. Rozważa negatywny wpływ na rozwój polskiego medioznawstwa mechanizmów dyscyplinujących, mających zwiększać performatywność i mierzalność wyników naukowców oraz wymuszających publikowanie w pismach zagranicznych po angielsku. Metody badań: Autorka dokonała przeglądu konceptualizacji dyscypliny od czasu powstania w Polsce nauki o mediach oraz proponowanych nowych rozwiązań systemowych. Wyniki i wnioski: (1) Konieczność celowych działań środowiska na rzecz wzmocnienia statusu medioznawstwa jako dyscypliny naukowej, a nie jedynie zbioru technik i pragmatyk; (2) Potrzeba świadomego przewartościowania kryteriów sukcesu i jakości naukowej we wspólnym polu. Wartość poznawcza artykułu: Wiąże się z jego charakterem polemicznym i programowym – dyskusja o statusie i przyszłości dyscypliny jest obecnie pilną potrzebą środowiska medioznawczego. Pismo medioznawcze jest natomiast odpowiednim kontekstem dla tego typu dyskusji.
EN
Scientific objective: Analysis of the perspectives and the diversified conceptualisations of the development of the Polish media and communication studies within the context of the changing conditions of the organisation of the Polish academic life. The author calls for the consideration of the gains and the dangers of the narrow, strictly delineated concept of the media study associated with the political science paradigm, and of the concept of the loose, multidisciplinary federation. They ponder the negative impact of the disciplinary mechanisms aimed at raising the performativity and measurability of the results and forcing researchers to publish abroad in English, on the development of the media research in Poland. Research methods: The author carried out the overview of the conceptualisations of the discipline since its early days in Poland, and the meta-analysis of the proposed new systemic solutions. Results and conclusions: The author points to the possible solution of the problem through 1/ intentional actions of the profession leading to the reinforcement of the status of the media and communication studies as the academic study, and not just the set of the skills and techniques, 2/ purposeful redefinition of the criteria of success and scholarly quality within the shared field of academic production. Cognitive value: Discussion about the status and the future of media and communication science is nowadays the urgent need within the media studies community. Media studies journal is the fitting context for the discussion of such kind.
EN
Too little attention has been paid to the school institutions intended to educate and socialize the children of the upper classes. Greece has a significant history of private educational institutions. Yet their history and role within the educational system and society has been consistently neglected. The study of elite private education and its relationship with the social reproduction of the upper and middle classes in Greece has been even more neglected. Through a study of elite private secondary schools, following the theoretical model of Pierre Bourdieu, we explored the relationship that the middle and upper social strata of Greek society maintain with specific private schools. In order to determine the above, we conducted a quantitative field survey at 13 well-known private schools in Athens, using a questionnaire. In these schools we find considerable over-representation of the social categories that are placed at the summit of the social hierarchy. A basic argument of our study was that different sections of the middle and upper classes develop different educational strategies to ensure their social reproduction and to increase their privileges. These different strategies adopted by traditional and more recently emerging social classes are reflected in the differences among the elite private schools as a “field” and they distinguished the very top private schools from the less prestigious one. Also, we have found that sections of the Greek upper and middle class provide their offspring, through certain schools and activities, with an international capital which is a necessary condition for their future participation in international educational and professional markets. The study’s central research methodology included geometrical data analysis such as correspondence analysis.
EN
In his paper the author reconstructs the categorial relations between Gestalt psychol-ogy and theory and classical 20th-century philosophical anthropology (Max Scheler, Helmuth Plessner). In the first part, entitled Inspirations, it is analysed how the views of a key 20th-century Gestalt theorist Wolfgang Köhler influenced Scheler, the author of The Human Place in the Cosmos. In part two, Parallels, the author investigates the categorial similarities between Plessner’s anthropology of laughter and contemporary comicality conceptions based on Gestalt psychology (Hellmuth Metz- Göckel).
PL
Theory of Pierre Bourdieu has already gained an undisputed status in Polish socio logy. This text is an attempt to show the diversity of ways of using the theory of Bourdieu by Polish scholars and researchers. The author identifies areas in which Bourdieu’s theory is used in Polish research. These are: study of social class analysis fields (fields of literature, music, contemporary art and legal and advertising fields), diagnosis of social inequalities in education and other areas of life, analysis of functioning of elites and the various types of capitals in the Polish socio-economic context. The text indicates tensions occurring between approaches and interpretations thoughts Bourdieu, represented by Polish researchers. The author also points out opportunities of developing research concepts inspired by Pierre Bourdieu, which would take into account such dimensions of social diversity as gender or sexual orientation.
DE
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
Pierre Bourdieu's investigation into the mechanism of power relations in any given society emphasizes that culture is firmly embedded in social lives of agents. An agent engages in some social competitions, struggling with others and his or her own limits. Applying the metaphor of "game" to social life, Bourdieu believes that people, in order to accumulate more capitals, participate in intense social competitions. Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virgina Woolf raises some questions about the nature of power, language, and their intersection. The lives of the characters are not far removed from how they experience power relations in a college campus, a microcosm of American society. Putting into practice Bourdieu's theory of practice, this article analyzes the influence of the accumulation of capitals in the lives of George and Martha, the role of the imaginary child as a part of American dream and its significance to the couple's lives, and ultimately the use and abuse of language in their ways of communication.
FR
Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.
RU
Том не содержит аннотаций на английском языке.
PL
Autorka analizuje współczesną legendę literacką na przykładzie postaci Rafała Wojaczka. Refl eksję opiera na trzech problemach. Dlaczego zbudowanie legendy jest możliwe w literaturze nowoczesnej? Jak kształtują wizerunek Wojaczka opublikowane wspomnienia? Kto i dlaczego konstruuje legendę? Legenda zostaje potraktowana jako rodzaj dyskursu zależnego od innych – literackiego oraz krytyczno-literackiego. Ponadto przyjmuje, że legenda w najszerszym rozumieniu to fenomen kulturowy i społeczny oraz zjawisko ukształtowane przez reguły sztuki rządzące polem literatury nowoczesnej.
EN
The author analyses the phenomenon of a literary legend, taking as an example the figure of Rafał Wojaczek. The author assumes that the legend, understood broadly, is both a social and a cultural phenomenon, shaped by the rules of the art governing the field of modern literature; as well as a discourse depending on other discourses: literary and critical literary. The Author’s reflection is based on three questions: Why is it possible to create a legend in modern literature? How do the published memories shape the image of Wojaczek? Who creates the legend and why?
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2020
|
vol. 16
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issue 2
62-78
PL
Artykuł omawia związek pomiędzy naukami o przekładzie (translation studies) oraz socjologią. Uważa się, iż osiągnięcia przekładoznawstwa mogą okazać się użyteczne w analizie danego społeczeństwa. Powstało jednak relatywnie niewiele opracowań w tej kwestii. W celu uzasadnienia poglądu głoszącego, iż translation studies mogą współgrać z naukami o społeczeństwie, skupiono się na sowieckiej adaptacji „Pinokia” Collodiego: „Złoty kluczyk, czyli niezwykłe przygody pajacyka Buratino” pióra Aleksieja Tołstoja. Wybory tłumacza są zdeterminowane przez trendy i normy panujące w sowieckim społeczeństwie. Te normy zostały również zanalizowane zgodnie z koncepcjami pola i habitusu Pierre’a Bourdieu oraz założeniami szkoły manipulistów. Połączenie socjologii z przekładoznawstwem daje zatem interdyscyplinarną perspektywę na zjawiska społeczne.
EN
The article discusses the relationship between translation studies and sociology. It is argued that the latter can prove valuable in a deepened analysis of a given society. Surprisingly, little research has been done with regard to this issue. In order to justify the point of view that translation studies can consort with social sciences in many ways, The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino – a Soviet adaptation of Collodi’s Pinocchio – is analyzed. The choices of the translator are influenced by the trends and norms in the Soviet society. These norms are further analyzed through the lenses of Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts and the Manipulation School. Thus, combining sociology and translation studies can provide an interdisciplinary perspective on social phenomena.   
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi empiryczną analizę społecznego statusu krytyki filmowej w południowokoreańskim przemyśle filmowym. Krytycy filmowi, będący jednocześnie kreatorami określonych wartości w sztuce filmowej, przyczyniają się do powstawania filmów tworząc dyskurs kinematograficzny. Zatem jak zostaje się krytykiem? Jak funkcjonuje przestrzeń działalności krytyków filmowych, którą pojmować można jako strukturę wyrosłą z rozwoju rynku prasy filmowej w latach 90. wieku XX? Wyniki z analizy jakościowej i ilościowej naboru społecznościowego krytyków w latach 2000-2020 pokazują, że ci, którzy wygrywając nagrody w konkursach osiągnęli formalnie status krytyka filmowego, posiadają tzw. kapitał akademicki w wysokim stopniu. Ustalono również, że ci krytycy-laureaci wywodzili się głównie z seulskich uniwersytetów. Mimo, że zawód krytyka filmowego nie jest w pełni zinstytucjonalizowany i w pewnym stopniu pełnią oni misję artystyczną, to by stać się zawodowymi krytykami muszą oni podlegać kontroli już uznanych postaci, które dzielą podobny kulturowy i symboliczny kapitał. Sugeruje to, że w świecie krytyki filmowej istnieje symboliczna władza oraz, że struktura może być wykreowana przez tych, którzy ową władzę symboliczną posiadają.
EN
This paper empirically analyzes the social status of film critics in the Korean film industry. Film critics contribute to the creation of films as producers of specific values in film art by producing cinematographic discourse. Then how does one become a film critic? How does the film critic space operate – which can be understood as structured based on the development of the market for film magazines in the 1990s? The result of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the social recruitment of film critics from 2000 to 2020 shows that those who attained the legitimate status of film critic by winning awards in contests possess a high level of academic capital. It was also found that the location of higher education among these laureates was mainly concentrated in Seoul. Although film critics are not fully institutionalized and have an artistic mission to some extent, to access the profession of film criticism, they need to be controlled by established film critics who share similar cultural and symbolic capital each other. This suggests that symbolic power exists in the world of film criticism and that the structure can be reproduced through gatekeeping by the owners of symbolic power.
PL
Pytanie, jakie pragnę postawić, odnosi się do relacji: klasyczna antropologia filozoficzna XX wieku, za której twórców uznaje się powszechnie zwłaszcza Maxa Schelera i Helmutha Plessnera, oraz teoria postaci w rozumieniu a) historycznym, jako źródło poznawczych inspiracji antropologii filozoficznej (przypadek Schelera), oraz b) strukturalnym jako pole analiz posiadające teoretyczno–filozoficzne punkty styczne z „modelami człowieczeństwa” rozwijanymi na gruncie klasycznej antropologii filozoficznej(porównanie ze stanowiskiem Plessnera).
EN
In his paper the author reconstructs the categorial relations between Gestalt psychology and theory and classical 20th-century philosophical anthropology (Max Scheler, Helmuth Plessner). In the first part, entitled Inspirations, it is analysed how the views of a key 20th–century Gestalt theorist Wolfgang Köhler influenced Scheler, the author of The Human Place in the Cosmos. In part two, Parallels, the author investigates the categorial similarities between Plessner’s philosophical anthropology with its category of “eccentric position” and Gestalt theory.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
|
2018
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vol. 61
|
issue 2
353-368
EN
In this article I present the Olympic Games as a social institution that creates and reproduces certain patterns and rules of behavior. I propose a definition of a social institution in the context of the Olympic Games. The Olympic institution imposes the framework for the action of social actors (collective and individual). In addition, the olympic institution co-operates in five fields (five contexts): social, economic, political, cultural and communicative. This article shows the links of selected contexts to the Olympic Games. I refer to the concept of strategic action field and its placement in the institutional field system proposed by Neil Fligstein and Doug McAdam.
PL
W niniejszym artykule autor chce pokazać, że igrzyska olimpijskie są instytucją społeczną, która tworzy i reprodukuje pewne wzory oraz reguły zachowań. Proponuje definicję instytucji społecznej w kontekście igrzysk olimpijskich. Instytucja igrzysk olimpijskich narzuca ramy działania aktorów społecznych (zbiorowych i jednostkowych). Ponadto, instytucja igrzysk olimpijskich funkcjonuje w pięciu polach (w pięciu kontekstach): społecznym, ekonomicznym, politycznym, kulturowym i komunikacyjnym. W niniejszym artykule pokazane są powiązania wybranych kontekstów z igrzyskami. Autorka odnosi się także do pojęcia strategicznego pola działania oraz usytuowania go w systemie pól instytucjonalnych, które proponują Neil Fligstein i Doug McAdam
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