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EN
The Pianist – the image of a ghetto in the film language of Roman Polanski   The work of Roman Polański has always been a unique example of both craftsmanship and interesting subjects. Each of his films (even of those crushed by the superficial interpretations of the reviewers) functioned perfectly well in popular culture and as an artistic accomplishment. It reconciled the tastes of both sophisticated viewers and those who looked for simple entertainment. Roman Polański’s method of creation entails the use of a number of curtains (genres, popular culture subjects, popular patterns) which cover the deeply hidden truth about the world and relations among people. In The Pianist the subject of the Holocaust was used as the key to show the mechanisms that rule the world. Also in this case the most obvious diagnosis proves to be the least important. The Pianist is not an autobiography dealing with the memories from a getto. Definitely more significant is the attempt to juxtapose the image of a ghetto and its inhabitants with the film language of Roman Polański. It makes it possible to read the problem of the Holocaust against the motifs always present in his work, including the context of the cinema of the kind. In The Pianist Polański joins the precision of a craftsman with the memory of a witness. As a result, using the solutions known from Hollywood films, he tells the story of a ghetto, which is seen as the metapher of the whole world.
EN
The film 33 Scenes from the Life by Małgorzata Szumowska (2008) is an autobiographical film, inspired by real incidents which happened in her life – the almost simultaneous death of her mother (a writer Dorota Terakowska) and father (a documentary film-maker Maciej Szumowski). It was preceded by a documentary film A czego się tu bać? (What to be afraid of?) (2006), which showed the attitude of the rural community to the problem of death and the deceased. In the film 33 Scenes another kind of experience of death and mourning is represented. It is the urban and atheistic version, a mockery of the rituals connected with the death (the anointing of the sick and a funeral). Their disparity is determined not only by their religious versus atheistic character, but also, most importantly, the language. In 33 Scenes the idiolect of the Cracovian intelligentsia is used, with numerous vulgarisms, whereas in the documentary film A czego tu się bać? − the village idiolect with references to religious language. The aim of my essay is the analysis of the film language and the language in the film.
PL
33 sceny z życia to film autobiograficzny Małgorzaty Szumowskiej (2008), inspirowany prawdziwymi wydarzeniami z jej życia – niemal jednoczesną śmiercią matki (pisarki Doroty Terakowskiej) i ojca (dokumentalisty Macieja Szumowskiego). Poprzedził go film dokumentalny A czego tu się bać? (2006), który ukazał stosunek społeczności wiejskiej do problemu śmierci i zmarłych. W filmie 33 sceny z życia przedstawiono inny rodzaj doświadczania śmierci i żałoby. Była to wersja miejska i ateistyczna, kpina z rytuałów związanych ze śmiercią (namaszczenia chorych i pogrzebu). Ich rozbieżność określa nie tylko ateistyczny charakter religijnych rytuałów, ale także, co najważniejsze, język. W 33 scenach posługiwano się idiolektami przedstawicieli krakowskiej inteligencji, z licznymi wulgaryzmami, podczas gdy w filmie dokumentalnym A czego tu się bać? – dialektem wiejskim z odniesieniami do języka religijnego. Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest analiza języka filmu i języka w filmie.
Język Polski
|
2016
|
vol. 96
|
issue 2
5-10
PL
Język to według „Encyklopedii językoznawstwa ogólnego" „system znaków […] służący do porozumiewania się w obrębie danej społeczności”. Media zaś to ‘środki komunikowania’, potocznie (jako media masowe) to zbiorowa nazwa dzienników, czasopism, radia, telewizji i Internetu. Dla komunikologa mediami są środki służące artykulacji informacji, jej utrwalaniu, przetwarzaniu, zwielokrotnianiu i transmisji, a także organizacji jej dyfuzji. Język mediów czy w mediach to językowa postać wypowiedzi ukształtowanej, utrwalonej i przetworzonej z myślą o jej zwielokrotnieniu i transmisji przez zwykle instytucjonalnego nadawcę. Tak rozumiany język mediów czy w mediach nie ma swoistych cech odróżniających go od innych odmian języka. Natomiast różne media wpływają na postać transmitowanych przez nie wypowiedzi językowych. Dlatego stosowniej jest mówić o języku w mediach niż o języku mediów. Tym bardziej że na język mediów składają się oprócz języka naturalnego inne kody (por. „język filmu”). Co więcej, język niektórych mediów obywa się w ogóle bez języka naturalnego (np. znaki drogowe).
EN
According to the "Encyclopedia of general linguistics", "language" is “a system of signs [...] used to communicate within the community”. The phrase media of communication (colloquially as mass media) is the collective term for newspapers, periodicals, radio, television and the Internet. For the communication researcher, media are measures of articulation of information, its recording, processing, multiplication and transmission, as well as organization of its diffusion. Language in the media is a form of linguistic messages, shaped, maintained and processed with a view to its reproduction and transmission over the usually institutional channels. So understood language in the media has no specific features that distinguish it from other varieties of language, but various media affect the messages transmitted by linguistic forms. Therefore, it is more appropriately to speak about the language in the media rather than about the language of the media, the more so that language of the media consists of natural language apart from other codes (e.g. film language). Moreover, the language of some media dispenses completely without natural (ethnic) language (e.g. road signs).
EN
In Polish cinema disability is not a marginal phenomenon. It is commonly depicted through images of people with disabilities, often shown in the context of social stereotypes, and strategies of their presentation as adopted by filmmakers. They might include the strategy of a witness, activist, craftsman, artist, etc. Each of them determines the author’s approach to the topic, and the purpose of such production. With the advancements in technology, the most representative strategy seems to be that of an intermediary which provides for the use of modern and innovative means of expression in film production, including special effects and intentional deconstruction of the narrative. By adopting this strategy, the filmmakers try to reach the psyche and inner self of their film character who is disabled, thus constructing his or her image on the screen with a variety of sophisticated means of expression. Such approach is characteristic not only of popular culture productions, but also of independent art films. It allows to address mass audience, often young viewers, and their demand for highly attractive images, as well as to recognize the authors’ need to talk about difficult and controversial topics in an original and convincing manner.
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