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EN
On Polish territory, there are many historic buildings. Among many risks related to these objects, one of the most important is the threat of fire. The purpose of this article is to define the general terms and conditions of insurance of historic real estate, mainly inhabited by the population in cities. In the article, we use statistics of the State Fire Service for fires of historic real estate. Studies show that there is an urgent need for the mandatory insurance coverage of historic real estate.
PL
Na terenie Polski jest zlokalizowanych wiele obiektów zabytkowych. Wśród wielu zagrożeń dotyczących tych obiektów najważniejsze jest zagrożenie pożarowe. Celem artykułu jest określenie ogólnych warunków ubezpieczenia nieruchomych obiektów zabytkowych, głównie zamieszkałych przez ludność w miastach. W artykule została wykorzystana statystyka Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w zakresie pożarów obiektów nieruchomych. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że zachodzi pilna potrzeba objęcia obowiązkową ochroną ubezpieczeniową nieruchomych obiektów zabytkowych.
EN
The recent fires in Australia are included among the largest ecological and natural disasters in the present-day world, causing significant damage to ecosystem and killing animals and people. The study presented here sought to analyse the role of online media, particularly social networks, in the dissemination of information during the disaster that struck Australia between December 2019 and January 2020. The primary aim was to analyse patterns of interpersonal communication in social media. What is the role of social media in such situations? Are they sources of information about disasters? How important for this communication are factors such as online impact, online mentions using keywords and hashtags, sentiments, influencers and geographical variables? Descriptive and quantitative methodology was employed along with Mediatoolkit, a tool for online media monitoring and analytics, to track online media coverage for selected hashtags for 32 days during the fires in Australia. The analysis revealed a public interest in the Australia fires and climate change across social networks, with the particular role of Twitter as the main channel of communication among people during the disaster.
EN
This article discusses role of field artillery on battlefield and the current state of field artillery. The purpose of this article is to outline development directions of artillery capability. Army surface-to-surface indirect fires will have a crucial part on the future battlefield. Essential trends in field artillery include: increase in range of fires systems; develop and disseminate of multi-sensor active-seeker munitions; advancement automated command and control; develop and implementation systems order to protect ground forces and forward operating bases from the threat of rockets, artillery, and mortars (C-RAM).
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