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PL
W artykule przedstawiono ocenę zagospodarowania terenów zalewowych (wyznaczonych 2 metodami) i potencjalnych strat materialnych na przykładzie 3 miast: Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego, Łowicza i Kutna. Zagospodarowanie określono, analizując użytkowanie ziemi z wykorzystaniem Bazy Danych Obiektów Topograficznych (BDOT) oraz inwentaryzacji terenowej, w granicach zasięgu równin zalewowych wyznaczonych na podstawie map geologicznych oraz terenów zagrożonych powodziami wskazanych przez dyrektora Regionalnego Zarządu Gospodarki Wodnej (RZGW) w Warszawie (WWQ 1% – wysoki wysoki przepływ). Do badań wybrano 3 miasta województwa łódzkiego z najwyższym wskaźnikiem poziomej intensywności zagospodarowania w granicach terenów tzw. wody 100-letniej. Są one położone w dorzeczu Wisły, w zlewni rzek Bzury i Pilicy. Stwierdzono, że zasięg terenów wody WWQ 1% nie pokrywa się z obszarem równiny zalewowej. Potencjalne straty materialne w granicach badanych terenów są najwyższe w Tomaszowie Mazowieckim, co jest związane z umieszczeniem tam bazy usługowo-produkcyjnej i mieszkaniowej. Materiały kartograficzne i terenowe opracowano na potrzeby oceny stanu zagospodarowania i możliwych strat powodziowych na omawianych obszarach, wykorzystując narzędzia GIS.
EN
The article presents an assessment of the floodplains development plan (two different methods were used during the research) and potential material damage shown on the example of three cities – Tomaszow Mazowiecki, Łowicz and Kutno. Spatial development was determined by the analysis of land use using data available at Topographic Data Base and field research in areas within floodplains, which were delineated on the basis of geological maps as well as areas exposed to floods, which were designated by the Director of Regional Water Management in Warsaw (WWQ 1%). Three towns of Łódź region with the highest index of horizontal intensity of land use within 100-year flood areas were selected for the research. They are located within the Vistula river basin in the catchment of Bzura river and the Pilica river. It was found that the range of 1% water areas does not coincide with the area of the floodplains, which was delineated on the basis of geological maps. The potential loss of property rate is the highest in Tomaszów Mazowiecki which is associated with the existence of service-production areas and residential areas within floodplains. Cartographic materials and field inventory used in order to assess the land use and potential flood losses within these areas were obtained by GIS methods.
EN
Among the various types of energy biomass, hay deserves particular attention because of the possibility of obtaining it from riverside areas that perform a number of different functions. In order to properly manage flood plains, it is necessary to conduct a rational spatial policy there and a support system for RES production ensuring water safety. The research was carried out in the valleys of San and Wisłok rivers. Farmers farming on floodplains did not include hay production for energy purposes. System solutions supporting the acquisition of floodplain hay for energy purposes, would benefit in terms of improved energy mix, water security, better use of the process and avoid the alluvial flood losses.
PL
Wśród różnych rodzajów biomasy energetycznej na szczególną uwagę zasługuje siano, ze względu na możliwość jego pozyskiwania z terenów nadrzecznych. W celu właściwego zagospodarowania terenów łęgowych konieczne jest prowadzenie tam racjonalnej polityki przestrzennej oraz wdrożenia systemu wsparcia produkcji OZE, zapewniającej bezpieczeństwo wodne. Badania przeprowadzono na terenie dolin Sanu oraz Wisłoka. Rolnicy gospodarujący na terenach zalewowych nie uwzględniali produkcji siana na cele energetyczne. Systemowe rozwiązanie, wspierające pozyskiwanie z terenów zalewowych siana na cele energetyczne, przyniosłoby korzyści w postaci poprawy miksu energetycznego, bezpieczeństwa wodnego, lepszego wykorzystania procesu aluwialnego oraz uniknięcia strat powodziowych.
EN
Floodplains of large rivers are rarely the subject of archaeological research. The excavations at the cemetery of the Przeworsk culture at Czersk, Piaseczno County, and studies on the modern settlement in the Urzecze (literally at-the-river’s) microregion near Warsaw yielded data about the settlement in the Middle Vistula Valley across the ages and prompted a non-invasive examination of the area. In 2017, a large-scale fieldwalking survey took place in the southern part of the Urzecze floodplain, covering an area of ca. 83 square kilometres (Figs. 1, 2). The already known sites were verified, and numerous new sites from various historical periods were discovered. The survey was complemented with traditional research, such as cartographical and historical searches, as well as new solutions in the form of a digital elevation model, obtained by laser scanning of the ground surface and geophysical and underwater prospection. The character of settlement in the area, specific due to the natural conditions, can be illustrated on the example of the settlement cluster near the village of Glinki, situated on the right bank of the Vistula, at the latitude of Góra Kalwaria (Fig. 3). Settlement in periodically flooded areas is focused only in a few selected places, where the shape of the terrain guarantees relatively safe shelter during periods of regular but hard to predict overflows and dangerous inundations. In the case of the cluster in Glinki, small, elevated areas, difficult to notice in the field and surrounded by oxbow lakes that form natural reservoirs (polders), are legible (Fig. 4). The oldest traces of settlement date back to the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, then to the pre-Roman and Roman period and the Middle Ages, up to modern and contemporary times (Fig. 5, 6). The ‘insular’ nature of settlement (Fig. 9) in the floodplains of the Middle Vistula is confirmed by the observed presence of other, similar clusters situated on the former sandbanks and islands or their remains. The specificity of natural conditions (Fig. 7, 8, 10) and the rhythm of life in these areas influenced the flavour and specificity of the local culture, a phenomenon that has been well described for modern times (Ł.M. Stanaszek 2014). It is possible that in the earlier time periods some local differences within the large archaeological cultures are also to be expected. This can only be confirmed by future excavations in the area.
EN
Since the Act on Nature and Landscape Protection (No. 114/1992 Coll. - ZOPK) which introduced the institute of significant landscape elements (SLE) protection, including the SLE floodplain, entered into force, there have not been sufficient tools developed for its practical implementation. Floodplains, however, represent a landscape element that is difficult to identify in the territory and at the same time is threatened by the development and use of the territory. The aim of the project "Practical tools for planning and protection of the SLE floodplain”, which was implemented in 2020-2023 with the financial participation of the Czech Technology Agency within the "Environment for Life Programme”, was to fill in the gap in the current insufficient planning practice, protection and use of the SLE floodplain. A floodplain determination procedure to be applied by the nature protection authorities (NPAs) was developed and validated. The procedure was complemented by a proposal for categorizing floodplains and identifying their functions, which is crucial for NPA decision-making processes. As a result, NPAs and other governmental authorities were provided by spatial data and methodologies to facilitate the decision-making process in the territory and also to implement the floodplain areas protection in spatial planning. The main outputs of the project are available on the website https://projekty.ekotoxa.cz/nivy/.
CS
Od účinnosti zákona o ochraně přírody a krajiny (č. 114/1992 Sb. – ZOPK), ve kterém byl zaveden institut ochrany významných krajinných prvků (VKP) včetně VKP údolní niva, nebyly zpracovány dostatečné nástroje k jejich praktické ochraně. Údolní nivy jsou přitom krajinným prvkem, který je v území obtížně identifikovatelný a současně je ohrožován rozvojem a využíváním jeho území. Cílem projektu „Praktické nástroje pro plánování a ochranu VKP údolní niva“, který byl realizován v letech 2020–2023 za finanční spoluúčasti Technologické agentury ČR v rámci programu „Prostředí pro život“, bylo zaplnit mezeru v dosavadním nedostatečném plánování, ochraně a využívání VKP údolní niva. Byl vytvořen a ověřen postup vymezování niv aplikovatelný v praxi orgánů ochrany přírody (OOP). Postup byl doplněn o návrh kategorizace údolních niv a identifikaci jejich funkcí, které jsou klíčové pro rozhodování OOP. Výsledkem jsou prostorová data a metodiky pro OOP a další orgány státní správy pro rozhodování v území a také pro uplatnění ochrany území VKP údolní niva v územním plánování. Hlavní výstupy projektu jsou k dispozici na webové stránce https://projekty.ekotoxa.cz/nivy/.
EN
This paper is aimed to determine the flood risk level based on the land use patterns – in towns located on the Odra river in Poland. The flood risk is determined by the area of particular forms of land use within the floodplain boundary. The assessment was made by linear ordering and grouping of all Odra cities by flood risk level (city ranking). The results obtained show the flood risk level of cities relative to each other. The time range adopted for research allows for a comparative analysis of the examined cities in terms of potential flood losses both statistically and dynamically. Particular attention was paid to the identification of relationships between the level of flood risk and the area of floodplains, and the way of its management expressed by the degree of investment and the location of the city in the course of the river. The research shows that the total magnitude of potential flood losses is primarily determined by the size of the areas at risk of flooding and, to a lesser extent by their management (investment). Only in the case of the first flood zone (direct flood hazard zone), the impact of floodplain management on the level of flood risk was observed. However, there isno correlation between the level of flood risk and the location of the city in the river course. The work also focused on the analysis of flood risk changes in Odra cities relative to each other, including those affected by floods in 1997.
PL
W pracy podjęto próbę określenia ryzyka powodziowego w oparciu o sposób zagospodarowania obszarów zalewowych w miastach nadodrzańskich w Polsce. Kryterium oceny ryzyka powodziowego jest powierzchnia zajmowana przez konkretne formy zagospodarowania w granicach terenu zalewowego. Oceny dokonano poprzez uporządkowanie liniowe wszystkich miast nadodrzańskich według poziomu ryzyka powodziowego (ranking miast), a następnie ich pogrupowanie. Otrzymane wyniki odzwierciedlają poziom ryzyka powodziowego miast względem siebie.
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