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1

PRZEMIANY W ŁAŃCUCHU ŻYWNOŚCIOWYM A PROBLEM WYKLUCZENIA MAŁYCH GOSPODARSTW ROLNYCH Z RYNKU: CO NAM PODPOWIADA TEORIA EKONOMII?

100%

Fałkowski J., Milczarek-Andrzejewska D.

Polityka Społeczna

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2011

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vol. 38

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issue 8(449)

8-12

EN

The last two decades were characterized by very dynamic changes occurring in the food chain in Poland as well as in other countries. It is often assumed that these changes may adversely affect the situation of small-scale farmers and lead to undesirable social effects. There are many examples from developing countries that support this point of view. However, experiences of transition countries may lead also to other conclusions. The paper aims to present the main arguments derived from economic theory, which can be helpful in analysing marginalization of small-scale farms. It also encourages to empirically verify a number of interesting hypotheses that could be formulated based on economic arguments.

2

STRUCTURAL BREAKS IN FARM AND RETAIL PRICES OF BEEF MEAT IN POLAND

88%

Hamulczuk M.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2013

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vol. 14

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issue 1

160-169

EN

The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of monthly prices in the beef marketing chain in Poland in the years 1997-2012. The study showed that in the time series of farm and retail prices of beef meat in Poland structural break points occurred. They are mainly associated with appearance of BSE disease and the Polish accession to the European Union. The farm and retail price series are non-stationary and farm prices Granger-cause retail prices. The estimates of the long-run parameters depend on the assumptions about deterministic variables existence in the Engel-Granger cointegration equation, including structural breaks among them.

3

Uwarunkowania zmian cen wieprzowiny i dochodów producentów trzody chlewnej w Polsce

63%

Hamulczuk M., Stańko S.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

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2013

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issue 3(336)

44-66

EN

The paper presents market-based mechanisms underlying changes in pig prices and pig meat producers’ income in Poland. The pig prices are determined by supply and demand equilibrium. Farmers are price takers and a market price is a parameter which enables them to make economic calculation and being verify their individual effectiveness. This paper comprises also an empirical analysis of the factors affecting pig prices de-velopment in the 1997-2012. The analysis based on VAR models indicates that pig prices in Poland are determined mostly by the situation on foreign markets. In the long term only around 30% pig prices variation in Poland depends on national conditions. The Granger causality tests proved that changes in the prices of pork in the marketing chain occur ac¬cording to a pattern typical for a competitive market – the direction of price signals comes from producer prices towards consumer prices. The farmers margins in pork meat marketing chain have not changed over analyzed period – they varied in cyclical and seasonal motion around 37% level. The collapse of pork production in Poland since 2008 has been caused mainly by struc-tural reasons. Pig production in Poland is very fragmented in comparison to other UE coun¬tries thus small economic of scale is reflected in farmers’ low incomes. High cost of pro¬duction per unit leads to deteriorating the price relationships between foreign and domestic prices and thus lowers demand for domestic pork.

4

The Concept of Food System: Food Security and Nutrition

63%

Kundeeva G.

De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności

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2022

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issue 1(8)

109-124

RU

В статье рассматриваются продовольственные системы как сложные социально-экологические системы, включающие множественные взаимодействия между человеческими и природными компонентами. Обосновано использование системногo подхода для создания продовольственных систем, который позволяет предвидеть сложные взаимодействия между человеческими и природными системами и петлям обратной связи влияющие на продовольственную безопасность и питание. Предложено структуру продовольственной системы, которая учитывает сложные взаимодействия, синергию и обратную связь, что представляет собой прочную основу для объяснения движущих сил и механизмов изменения продовольственных систем. Рассмотрены инструменты оценивания устойчивости продовольственной системы. Предложено мониторинг продовольственной системы рассматривать по показателям состояния продовольственной безопасности, т.к. продовольственная безопасность и питание – основной результат продовольственных систем.

EN

Considered food systems as complex socio-ecological systems, including multiple interactions between human and natural components. The use of a systems approach to food systems has been justified, which anticipates complex interactions between human and natural systems and feedback loops that affect food security and nutrition. A food system framework that recognizes complex interactions, synergies, and feedback loops is proposed, providing a solid foundation for elucidating the drivers and mechanisms of food system change. Tools for assessing food system resilience are considered. Food system monitoring is proposed to consider the outcome of food security, as food security and nutrition is the main outcome of food systems.

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Polish farms in the light of quality requirements

51%

Bezat A.

Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego

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2008

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vol. 03(18)

EN

After the accession of Poland to the European Union farmers have to fulfil high food quality requirements. In accordance with the requirement 172/2002 of the European Commission, they should keep documentation regarding their part in the product’s flow in the food chain. This paper focuses particularly on the analysis to what degree requirements are satisfied by the analysed farms. A cluster analysis and a point assessment technique were used.

6

La contratación agroalimentaria tras las medidas de la nueva Ley 16/2021 de 14 de diciembre para mejorar el funcionamiento de la cadena alimentaria

51%

Sánchez Hernández Á.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

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2022

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issue 1(30)

255-273

IT

La mancanza di equilibrio presente nella filiera alimentare, causata, tra l’altro, dalla differenza di potere contrattuale tra i produttori agricoli e altri operatori più forti, porta alla situazione in cui ad agricoltori e allevatori (gli agenti più vulnerabili della catena) vengono imposti prezzi e pratiche commerciali per loro svantaggiosi. La legge 12/2013, incluse le successive modifiche, cerca di ovviare a questi importanti squilibri al fine di migliorare la posizione del contraente più debole della filiera agroalimentare (produttori primari).

EN

The imbalances in the food chain due to, among other factors, differences in the bargaining power between agricultural producers and other more powerful operators in the supply chain, lead to the imposition of disadvantageous prices and commercial practices on farmers and breeders (who are the most vulnerable actors in the chain). Law 12/2013 and its successive amendments seek to eliminate these significant imbalances and improve the position of the weaker contractual party (primary producers) in the agri-food chain, thus ensuring farmers and breeders a selling price (determined in a relevant food contract) that will be above the actual production cost, so that they will earn a profit margin allowing them to sustain themselves and continue their agricultural activity.

PL

Brak równowagi w łańcuchu dostaw żywności wywołany m.in. różnicą w sile przetargowej pomiędzy producentami rolnymi a innymi podmiotami, zajmującymi mocniejszą pozycję we wspomnianym łańcuchu dostaw, prowadzi do narzucenia rolnikom i hodowcom (najsłabszym podmiotom łańcucha) niekorzystnych dla nich cen i praktyk handlowych. Ustawa 12/2013 wraz z kolejnymi zmianami stara się unikać tych zakłóceń równowagi, aby poprawić pozycję słabszej strony umowy w łańcuchu dostaw żywności (producentów surowców).

ES

Los desequilibrios en la cadena alimentaria debidos, entre otros factores, a las diferencias en el poder de negociación entre los productores agrícolas y otros operadores más poderosos de la cadena de suministro, conducen a la imposición de precios y prácticas comerciales desventajosas a los agricultores y ganaderos (que son los actores más vulnerables de la cadena). La Ley 12/2013 y sus sucesivas modificaciones pretenden eliminar estos importantes desequilibrios y mejorar la posición de la parte contractual más débil (los productores primarios) en la cadena agroalimentaria, asegurando así a los agricultores y ganaderos un precio de venta (determinado en el correspondiente contrato alimentario) que estará por encima del coste real de producción, de forma que obtengan un margen de beneficio que les permita mantenerse y continuar con su actividad agraria.

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1 De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności

1 Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

1 Polityka Społeczna

1 Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego

1 Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

1 Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

2 2022

2 2013

1 2011

1 2008

2 Hamulczuk M.

1 Bezat A.

1 Fałkowski J.

1 Kundeeva G.

1 Milczarek-Andrzejewska D.