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EN
The aim of the presented study is the assessment of the innovativeness of particular food industry classes in Poland conducted on the basis of statistical methods for linear objects grouping. In the study there were used unpublished statistical data characterising the innovativeness of enterprises conducting economic activity in particular branches of the food industry.
EN
The article addresses the problem of financial determinants of return on equity (ROE) in the food industry in Poland. The analysis was conducted on the basis of the decomposition of the rate of return on sales and in conjunction with the system of indicators linking the return on sales to return on assets and equity. In addition, in order to identify the significance of individual components of the ROE system, ordered logit regression models were estimated. The parameters of logit regression of the ordered categories justify why we look for reasons for the ROE diversity among food industries primarily in the ability to generate the added value, in the labour costs, in the rational management of financial costs, in the efficient use of wealth and in the formation of a more aggressive capital structure, determining the level of leverage.
EN
This paper characterises the directions of innovative activities undertaken by food industry enterprises concerning the manufacturing of food products. Based on the subject literature and secondary statistical data, the status of food industry innovativeness and areas of innovative activities related to implementation of technological and non-technological innovations are presented. The activities of enterprises focus on manufacturing new products in response to the ever-changing needs and expectations of consumers. In particular, the production of so-called functional food (which seeks to promote health, minimise the risk of specific diseases, improve psychophysical fitness, lose weight, etc.) is increasingly extensive. Manufacturers must also improve the technologies and techniques of product manufacturing, packaging and storage.
EN
Process of planning the location of enterprises still lacks the method allowing for combining spatial analysis with the competitiveness analysis of the industries or their clusters, while taking into account the competitive position and competitive potential. The purpose of the study is to create a new methodical pattern in the location analysis of the company based on regional strategic groups, and to show the possibilities and limitations of the proposed tool’s application, supporting location decisions on the example of food industry companies in NUTS 2 level regions in Poland. The study included medium and large enterprises of the food industry in 2013. This paper contains an attempt of application of a modified McKinsey matrix for spatial analyses, using the investment attractiveness indexation of regions. The suggested modification of McKinsey matrix is a new proposal in this respect, while at the same time being an attempt to solve the problem of the management. Regional strategic groups analysis allows one to propose possible strategic actions for businesses, which helps to solve the problem of location management of group of companies, including regional clusters. It is worth noting that the proposed instrument also contributes to the actions of the local government units (regions), concerning the adaptation of investment offer to the needs of business entities.
EN
Research background: Food industry is of key importance to each economy due to its role in ensuring food security, balancing the labour market, as well as contributing to the economic growth and international trade. With a limited increase in demand for food in many highly developed countries, further growth in this sector of the economy will largely depend on the ability to successfully distribute manufactured goods in international markets and cope with competitive pressure from other entities. Purpose of the article: Therefore, the study attempts to assess the determinants of international competitiveness of the food industry worldwide measured by the trade balance. Methods: The research was based on data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Data Center (UNCTADStat) and the World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The time frame for the analyses was determined by the availability of internationally comparable data and thus covered the period of 2000?2014. The empirical analysis was performed with the use of panel models, while international competitiveness was measured by trade balance (net export). Findings & value added: It was proved that increasing trade openness and relative demand, as well as decreasing relative unit labour costs have a positive impact on international competitiveness of the food industry worldwide. However, the nature of the relationship between relative labour productivity and trade balance appears to be ambiguous. A stronger impact of the examined factors on net exports in the long-run rather than the short-run was also evidenced. The novelty of our analysis is that we consider trade balance determinants of the food industry worldwide using panel models, whereas most of the existing studies focus either on one or a narrow group of countries.
EN
This article's aim is an attempt to identify the scope and ways of implementing content marketing on the websites of dairy companies. To achieve the stated objective, 15 dairy company websites were analysed using the content analysis method. It was observed that the companies surveyed use content marketing in different ways on their company websites, with the aim of distributing attractive content designed to persuade the customer to act accordingly. Companies are recognising the increasing role of content marketing and the opportunities for its implementation on the company website. However, there is great potential to intensify activities in this area.
EN
The aim of this paper is to extract and describe recent social initiatives in food consumption and distribution in Poland and indicate their characteristics related to sustainable consumption, sharing economy and collaborative consumption and to indicate the processes, mechanisms and future development options. Food is among areas that seem to adapt to those ideas more easily which means that individual consumers seem to see value in behaving in a more responsible way. In Poland, social awareness is rather limited and responsible behavior happens on a minor scale for the moment, but more international research shows the great potential of sharing economy. Food is being wasted therefore it constitutes a good ground for changing consumption habits. The paper presents four chosen social initiatives in Poland that refer to a sustainable consumption philosophy and collaborative consumption. Those mini case studies are backed by a thorough analysis of relevant literature, theme contents on websites, and results of secondary research studies dedicated to the issues discussed in the paper. Due to the qualitative character of the study, it shall be followed by more quantitative research to allow for more general insights and conclusions.
EN
Food industry companies, functioning in an ever-changing and uncertain environment, look for ways to increase their competitiveness, including the improvement of effectiveness and efficiency of the implemented food safety management systems. Directions that can be used for this purpose are provided by the PN-EN ISO 9004:2010 standard. In the first part of the elaboration presented the requirements for the food safety management system included in the PN-EN ISO 22000:2006, and then the guidance of the PN-EN ISO 9004:2010 standard for providing the enterprise management system in order to achieve a sustained success in the turbulent environment. Followed by compared the guidelines and requirements of these two standards in order to evaluate the possibility of their combined use in the food industry enterprises. Next presented this guidelines of the PN-EN ISO 9004:2010 standard, which have no references to the requirements of the PNEN 22000:2006, and are discussed how they can be helpful for enterprises in the food chain in the process of improvement of effectiveness and efficiency of the implemented food safety management systems
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2019
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vol. 49
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issue 122
23-33
EN
In conditions of increased competition, development of biotechnology and the ever growing demands of the consumers, innovations are becoming an important factor of competitiveness in the food industry. The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate the barriers of innovativeness in the food industry based on chosen European Union countries during 2014-2016. Based on research of CIS-2016 carried out in accordance with the Oslo methodology developed by OECD, the barriers of innovativeness within the food industry enterprises which were active and non-active were analyzed. As for the evaluation of the analyzed factors within the countries of the EU, descriptive statistics and Ward’s method, which is an agglomeration form of grouping method, were used. From the conducted research, it followed, that the representations of innovative active enterprises more often reported on the barriers which were impeding the introduction of innovations. The most common which were reported included big competition, lack of internal funding and high costs. Representatives of inactive innovative enterprises were reporting low demand on the market, lack of internal funding and high costs.
EN
In the article the principles of training of future engineers-technologists in the formation of health-saving competence are defined. Didactic principles are crucial in selecting the content of education, methods and forms of education. The use of learning principles helps adjust the learning process in such a way to effective students’ learning. In the structure of the principles of the future specialists training two groups are outlined: content and procedural. The content principles are: the principle of modeling of professional activity, the principle of systematicity and consistency of teaching material, the principle of conformity of the content of higher education with modern and the forecasted tendencies of development of science and technology. The procedural principles include such principles as the principle of professional orientation, the principle of positive motivation and a favorable emotional background, the principle of humanization, principle of strength of knowledge, abilities and skills, the principle of innovation, the principle of integration of educational and research activities. The principle of conformity of the content of higher education with modern and the forecasted tendencies of development of science and technology involves the preparation of future specialists in modern technologies, but based on the data of science. The principle of integration of educational and research activities is aimed at introducing elements of research activities in training. The principle of systematicity and consistency of teaching emphasizes the interlinkages between the themes and allows you to consolidate finally the acquired knowledge. The principle of strength of knowledge, abilities and skills is aimed at using the acquired knowledge in further academic work and future professional activity. The principle of innovation training is aimed at simplifying the complex perception of educational material and improve students’ motivation. The principle of the educational character of education is associated with support and implementation of domestic innovative production technologies and wellness products. The principle of humanization is aimed at developing a positive atmosphere between the teacher and the student, the provision of psychological support, professional assistance and motivation. The principle of positive motivation and a favourable emotional background is aimed at interesting, accessible and vivid presentation of learning material. The principle of professional orientation is aimed at the reproduction of productive situations while learning at different levels of complexity. The principle of modeling of professional activity relies on the development of a programme of educational activity of students simulating the professional activity of a specialist. The author has highlighted the main substantive and procedural principles of the future specialists training, the combination of which ensures the formation of professional skills on the development of innovative health products.
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the fi nancial security of food industry enterprises in Poland in 2009–2013, with particular emphasis on the processing industry of milk and cheese production, including those operating in the form of dairy cooperatives. The analysis was conducted using unpublished data of GUS, as well as individual fi nancial data on dairy cooperatives. The study indicates that the manufacturing sector of food and beverage production, as well as milk processing and cheese making, according to the established measures of fi nancial security, can be considered safe. This assessment, however, is varied and results from the specifi c industries, especially in relation to capital management.
PL
Celem pracy była ocena bezpieczeństwa fi nansowego przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce w latach 2009–2013, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem branży przetwórstwa mleka i wyrobu serów, w tym przedsiębiorstw działających w formie spółdzielni mleczarskich. Analizę przeprowadzono przy wykorzystaniu niepublikowanych danych GUS z lat 2009–2013, a także jednostkowych danych fi nansowych spółdzielni mleczarskich. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że branże produkcji artykułów spożywczych i produkcji napojów, a także przetwórstwa mleka i wyrobu serów, w świetle przyjętych mierników bezpieczeństwa fi nansowego, można uznać za bezpieczne. Ocena ta jest jednak zróżnicowana i wynika ze specyfi ki branż, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym.
EN
The food industry is one of the traditional areas of management, the so-called low-tech. For this reason, technological and spatial proximity may be the key to create new solutions in the Polish food industry. The main objective of the study was an attempt to seek infl uence of relationships with suppliers on innovation activities of enterprises in the food industry in Poland. As a consequence, this would allow to determine the boundary conditions for the model structure of innovation networks within producers of food and beverages, with special reference to the Polish economy. The study was conducted on a group of 631 companies food industry companies located in Poland. Methodical part of the analysis was based on probit regression (probability theory).
PL
Przemysł spożywczy należy do tradycyjnych obszarów gospodarowania, czyli tak zwanych niskich technologii. Z tego powodu bliskość technologiczna i przestrzenna może być kluczem dla kreowania nowych rozwiązań w polskim przemy- śle spożywczym. Głównym celem badania była próba poszukiwania wpływu powiązań z dostawcami na działalność innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce. W konsekwencji pozwoli to na określenie warunków brzegowych dla modelowej struktury sieci innowacyjnych producentów artykułów spożywczy i napojów, z uwzględnieniem specyfi ki polskiej gospodarki. Badanie przeprowadzono na grupie 631 przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego zlokalizowanych w Polsce. Część metodyczna analiz bazowała na regresji probitowej (rachunek prawdopodobieństwa).
EN
The purpose of the article was to assess the innovation of the food industry in the EU Member States. Innovation of the food industry was compared with the level of economic development of countries, innovative enterprises in general, and the importance of the food industry of individual countries in the domestic economy and the EU. The analyzes were based on data from the Eurostat database. The results indicate the occurrence of the relationship between the level of innovation of enterprises of the food industry and the level of economic development of countries and the overall innovation performance of enterprises in the manufacturing sector. In this regard, we observed it in general as a priority for countries of the old EU. In the case of Germany, Italy, Belgium and the UK, it was also heavily associated with countries in the EU food industry. Estonia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Portugal were characterized by high levels of innovation of the food industry despite the relatively low level of GDP per capita and overall enterprise innovation.
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba oceny innowacyjności przemysłu spożywczego w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Innowacyjność przemysłu spożywczego zestawiono z poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego krajów, innowacyjnością przedsiębiorstw ogółem oraz znaczeniem przemysłu spożywczego poszczególnych państw w gospodarce krajowej i unijnej. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie danych pochodzących z bazy danych Eurostat. Wyniki badań wskazują na występowanie zależności między poziomem innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego a stopniem rozwoju gospodarczego krajów oraz ogólną innowacyjnością przedsiębiorstw sektora wytwórczego. W tym zakresie można było zaobserwować ogólne pierwszeństwo krajów starej UE. W przypadku Niemiec, Włoch, Belgii i Wielkiej Brytanii było to związane także z dużym znaczeniem tych krajów w przemyśle spożywczym UE. Wysoką innowacyjnością przemysłu spożywczego – mimo relatywnie niskiego poziomu PKB per capita i ogólnej innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw – wyróżniały się Estonia, Litwa, Czechy i Portugalia.
PL
Temat GMO stał się w ostatnich latach tematem często poruszanym przez konsumentów, naukowców, czy polityków, a ponadto zagadnieniem kontrowersyjnym, głównie ze względu na sprzeczność pojawiających się informacji, które pokazują pozytywny lub negatywny wpływ produktów tego typu na zdrowie ludzi, czy też stan i funkcjonowanie środowiska. Stąd też celem podjętych w artykule badań polegających na przeglądzie danych literaturowych jest działanie zmierzające do podnoszenia poziomu świadomości konsumenckiej poprzez pokazanie istoty modyfikacji genetycznych, korzyści i zagrożeń związanych z nimi oraz możliwego zastosowania i wykorzystania tych produktów w różnych dziedzinach. Zgromadzone dane dowodzą, że na świecie powierzchnia upraw roślin zmodyfikowanych genetycznie od wielu lat ulega systematycznemu wzrostowi. W 1996 roku wynosiła ona 1,7 mln ha, a w 2010 roku - 148 mln ha. Pomimo wielu zakazów i uregulowań prawnych mających chronić granice Polski przed organizmami zmodyfikowanymi genetycznie i żywnością zmodyfikowaną genetycznie, wielu konsumentów jest przekonanych, że w naszym kraju są one dostępne. Podejrzewa się, że produkty sprowadzane do Polski, takie jak: soja, kukurydza, oleje, owoce czy czekolada mogą zawierać znaczne ilości substancji pochodzących z upraw genetycznie modyfikowanych, a konsumenci spożywający te produkty nie są świadomi ich obecności. Wiedza rolników i konsumentów o produktach GMO kształtuje się wciąż na niskim poziomie.
EN
About GMOs has become in recent years, the subject frequently raised by consumers, scientists, and politicians, as well as a controversial issue, mainly because of the inconsistency of information emerging that show positive or negative impact of these products on human health or condition and functioning environment. Therefore, the aim of the article tests that rely on a review of the literature is the effect aimed at raising consumer awareness by showing the essence of genetic modification, the benefits and risks associated with them and the possible application and use of these products in various fields. The collected data indicate that the area of genetically modified crops for many years is systematically increasing. In 1996 it amounted to 1.7 million ha, and in 2010 - 148 million hectares. Despite the many restrictions and regulations to protect the Polish borders against genetically modified organisms and genetically modified foods, many consumers are convinced that in our country they are available. It is suspected that the products imported into Polish, such as soybeans, corn, oil, fruit and chocolate may contain significant amounts of substances derived from genetically modified crops, and consumers consume these products are not aware of their presence. Knowledge of farmers and consumers about GMOs is still low.
EN
The article presents selected problems of quality management of the production process in enterprises in the food industry. On the basis of a case study, selected problems and quality requirements ensuring production safety at Indykpol are discussed. The specific requirements of the HACCP system for the production and processing of poultry meat are presented. Important phenomena in the food industry affecting the course of the production process include trends in the environment such as changing consumer tastes of customers, new raw materials, development of technology and environmental requirements. Selected quality measures for the production process in the examined enterprise are presented.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane problemy zarządzania jakością procesu produkcyjnego w przedsiębiorstwach przemysłu spożywczego. Na podstawie studium przypadku omówiono wybrane problemy i wymagania jakościowe zapewniające bezpieczeństwo produkcji w Indykpolu. Przedstawiono szczegółowe wymagania systemu HACCP dla produkcji i przetwórstwa mięsa drobiowego. Ważnymi zjawiskami w przemyśle spożywczym wpływającymi na przebieg procesu produkcyjnego są trendy w otoczeniu, takie jak zmieniające się gusta konsumenckie klientów, nowe surowce, rozwój technologii i technologii, wymagania środowiskowe. Przedstawiono wybrane mierniki jakości procesu produkcyjnego w badanym przedsiębiorstwie.
EN
Human capital is an undisputed value in every organization. In fact, this thesis is confirmed under all economic conditions, both in theory and in practice. The process and areas of human capital management are liable to change. Research on change is very important, and conclusions can be a source of recommendations for business practitioners. The aim of the article is to identify areas of change in scope of human resources management, in particular in the area of time work and motivations that have occurred as a result of the counteraction the effects of the pandemic in small businesses of the food industry of Podlaskie Voivodeship. The study indicates the areas of employee management which are the most susceptible to crisis situations in the turbulent business environment of small food industry companies in the region. The inference was based on the analysis results of own research carried by questionnaire which was directed to Podlasie food producers.The main research hypothesis is to claim that pandemic period has forced changes in human resources management, particular in the area of working time and motivation in small enterprises in food industry. Assessing the impact of pandemic on changes in the main areas of the company's activity and definding the opportunities and threats it creates the current crisis for the development of small food industry companies from the region is an additional goal of the study.
PL
Kapitał ludzki stanowi niekwestionowaną wartość w każdej organizacji. W zasadzie teza ta potwierdza się w każdych warunkach gospodarczych, zarówno w teorii jak i praktyce. Proces i obszary zarządzania kapitałem ludzkim ulegają zmianom. Badania nad tymi zmianami są bardzo istotne, zaś wnioski mogą być źródłem wskazań dla praktyków biznesu. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja obszarów zmian w zakresie zarządzania kadrami, w szczególności w obszarze czasu pracy i motywacji, które nastąpiły w wyniku przeciwdziałania skutkom pandemii w małych przedsiębiorstwach branży spożywczej województwa podlaskiego. Opracowanie wskazuje obszary kierowania pracownikami, które są najbardziej podatne na sytuacje kryzysowe turbulentnego otoczenia biznesowego małych firm branży spożywczej w regionie. Wnioskowanie oparto o analizę wyników badań własnych, przeprowadzonych za pomocą kwestionariusza ankiety skierowanego do podlaskich producentów artykułów spożywczych. Główną hipotezą badawczą jest twierdzenie, że okres pandemii wymusił zmiany w zarządzaniu kadrami, w szczególności w obszarze czasu pracy i motywacji w małych przedsiębiorstwach branży spożywczej. Ocena wpływu pandemii na zmiany w głównych obszarach funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa oraz zdefiniowanie szans i zagrożeń, jakie stwarza obecny kryzys dla rozwoju małych firm branży spożywczej z regionu, stanowi dodatkowy cel opracowania.
EN
The aim of the study was to characterize the changes in the way of obtaining food by man, showing the development of food industry and the specific nature of its actions, to define renewable raw materials base, to characterize the volume of production and purchasing basic agricultural products in 1990, 2000 and 2010, to show the changes in the sizes of concentration the production of basic agricultural products in 2002 and 2010 and to characterize changes in the forms of food industry supply of agricultural raw materials. The paper is based on the literature compact and continuous research and statistical information. The satisfaction of human needs has a long history, and food is among these needs in the first place. The invention of methods of food preservation formed the basis for the development of food industry. The food industry is an economic activity involving the processing of agricultural products into finished or semi-finished food products and fodder using industrial production methods. According to the European Classification of Activities it is Chapter 15, “Manufacture of food products and beverages” which includes nine groups (industries) of activities. The beginnings of the development on Polish lands date back to the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Previously, farmers and artisans dealt with the processing of agricultural raw materials. Today, the food industry produces approx. 20% of sold production of industry, employs approx. 14% of the staff and participates in approx. 10% of investment. It is subject to transformations in which the number of micro, small and medium-sized entities is reduced, and the number of large entities is increased. Similar changes occur in the number of employees: the value of the total production sold and from small, medium and large entities increases, and from micro-entities decreases. Agriculture is a source of renewable raw materials used for different purposes, while their use by food industry to produce food is at the forefront. Relatively stable demand for food products is accompanied by the variable supply of raw materials. In addition, these materials are characterized by a diverse durability. Therefore there is a need to develop various forms of cooperation between primary producers and processors to ensure their rhythmic delivery, because this ensures efficient processing. The various branches of the processing industry develop various forms of cooperation with the manufacturers of raw materials. There are spatial, organizational, technological and economic ties between processing units and primary producers. The production of raw materials is subject to fluctuation and concentration: the number of manufacturers of individual products is reduced and the scale of production is increased. All this is aimed at attracting more better quality and easier accessible resources to processors. In terms of supplying processing plants with raw materials, in principle there are three forms: free-market purchase, buying from regular suppliers (often contractual), and own production organized by plants.
PL
W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę scharakteryzowania stanu obecnego oraz prognoz na przyszłość dotyczących sektora rolno – spożywczego w Polsce. Dokonano oceny zagadnień takich jak stan polskiego rolnictwa, jego szanse rozwojowe, przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu spożywczego, czy wizja rozwoju sektora w przyszłych latach. W opracowaniu podjęto próbę określenia istoty sektora rolno – spożywczego oraz jego znaczenia w całej gospodarce narodowej. W pracy przedstawiono analizę SWOT polskiego rolnictwa, oraz wnioski i opinie sformułowane na jej podstawie. Stwierdzono m.in. że stan rolnictwa poprawia się, jednak należy wyeliminować szereg problemów, z którymi się ono boryka, a także korzystać z licznych szans rozwoju, którymi są w szczególności środki finansowe w Unii Europejskiej. Dokonano także gruntownej analizy przedsiębiorstw działających w branży spożywczej, ich czynników konkurencyjnych a także obszarów wymagających poprawy. Określono także przyszłe kierunki rozwoju sektora rolno – spożywczego w ujęciu perspektywicznym. Prognozy są korzystne i zawierają głównie nowe, światowe kierunki eksportu polskiej żywności, a co za tym idzie zaistnienia na nowych rynkach.
EN
This study attempts to characterize the current situation and future prospects regarding the agricultural and food sector in Poland. Issues such as the state of Polish agriculture, its development opportunities, the food industry, or the vision of development of the sector in future years have been assessed. The study attempts to define the essence of agricultural and food sector and its importance in the national economy. The paper presents a SWOT analysis of Polish agriculture, as well as conclusions and opinions expressed on its basis. It was found that the state of agriculture is improving, but we must eliminate a number of problems that it faces, as well as enjoy numerous opportunities for development, which are in particular financial resources in the European Union. There has also been a thorough analysis of the companies operating in the food industry, its competitive factors as well as areas for improvement. Future directions of agriculture development have also been defined from a perspective point of view. The forecasts are favourable and include mainly new, global directions for Polish food export, and thus the occurrence of new markets.
RU
В этой разработке была проведена попытка характеризации существующего состояния, а также прогнозирования развития аграрно-продовольственного сектора в Польше. Предпринята оценка таких вопросов как состояние польского сельского хозяйства, возможности его развития, предприятия продовольственной промышленности, а также планы развития сектора в будущем. В разработке автор попытался дать определение сущности аграрно-продовольственного сектора, а также его значения во всём народном хозяйстве. В статье представлен анализ SWOT польского сельского хозяйства, а также заключения и суждения, формулированные на его основании. Было замечено, между прочим, что состояние сельского хозяйства поправляется, однако необходимо исключить ряд проблем, с которыми себя оно встречается, а также воспользоваться многочисленными возможностями развития, одними из которых, в особенности, являются финансовые средства Европейского Союза. Проделан был также фундаментальный анализ предприятий, действующих в продовольственной отрасли, их конкурентных факторов, а также секторов требующих улучшения. Определены были также будущие направления развития аграрно-продовольственного сектора в перспективном изложении. Представленные прогнозы являются очень положительными и содержат, в основном, новые, мировые направления экспорта польской пищевых продуктов, что ведет за собой выход на новые рынки сбыта.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano kształtowanie się bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w Polsce, a także na świecie. W oparciu o kwerendę literatury została zbudowana część empiryczna, dzięki której można było dokonać diagnozy napływów oraz odpływów bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w Polsce oraz bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w formie greenfield na świecie. Z zawartych danych dotyczących inwestycji zagranicznych typu greenfield dobrze widoczna jest dominująca pozycja Wschodniej i Południowo – Wschodniej Azji. W pracy został również przedstawiony skumulowany poziom inwestycji w Polsce oraz polskich inwestycji za granicą, dzięki któremu można zauważyć, że Polska jest krajem, który o wiele więcej przyjmuje kapitału zagranicznego, aniżeli sama inwestuje za granicą. Przeprowadzone badania ukazują, iż głównymi regionami atrakcyjnymi dla inwestorów zagranicznych w przemyśle spożywczym są województwa: wielkopolskie, mazowieckie, dolnośląskie, łódzkie i opolskie. Na ich terenie zlokalizowano zakłady produkcyjne przeszło 30 przewodnich międzynarodowych producentów żywności.
EN
The article presents the formation of foreign direct investment in Poland and in the world. Based on a query of literature it has been built empirical part, through which can be made the diagnosis of inflows and outflows of foreign direct investment in Poland and foreign direct investment in the form of a greenfield in the world. With the included data on foreign greenfield investment is clearly visible the dominant position of East and South - East Asia. In the study was also presented the cumulative level of investment in Poland and Polish investment abroad through which can be seen, that Poland is country which adopts much more foreign capital, than investing abroad itself. Research has shown that the main regions attractive for foreign investors in the food industry are voivodeships: Wielkopolskie, Mazowieckie, Dolnośląskie, Łódzkie i Opolskie. In their area located manufacturing plants over 30 leading international food manufacturers.
RU
В статье представлено формирование непосредственных заграничных инвестиций в Польше, а также в мире. На основании изученной литературы была построенная эмпирическая часть, благодаря которой можно было диагностировать притоки и оттоки непосредственных заграничных инвестиций в Польше, а также непосредственных заграничных инвестиций в форме Гринфилд в мире. Из имеющихся данных, относящихся к заграничным инвестициям типа Гринфилд, хорошо видна доминирующая позиция Восточной и Юго-Восточной Азии. В работе был представлен кумулятивный уровень инвестиций в Польше, а также польских инвестиций за границей, благодаря чему можно было заметить, что Польша является страной, которая принимает заграничный капитал в гораздо большем объеме, чем сама инвестирует за границей. Проведенные исследования показывают, что наиболее привлекательными областями для заграничных инвесторов в продовольственной промышленности являются следующие воеводства: Великопольское, Мазовецкое, Дольношленское, Лодзинское и Опольское. На их территориях находятся производственные предприятия более 30 ведущих международных производителей продовольственных продуктов.
EN
In the article, the paper discusses the carried out analysis of the use of IT at enterprises of the food industry. Based on the results of the survey carried out by the CSO and Eurostat, it was stated that the information technologies are more or less used by enterprises from the food industry than enterprises as a whole. It seems that entrepreneurs operating in food industry do not see the advantages of applying up-to-date IT systems and automatic exchange of information.
PL
We wstępie artykułu wskazano na zmiany dokonujące się w rozwoju technologii informatycznych i przedstawiono cel rozważań. W kolejnej części zaprezentowano źródła badawcze. Materiał badawczy stanowiły bazy danych GUS i Eurostat. Badania własne przedstawiają wykorzystanie technologii informacyjnych w przedsiębiorstwach przemysłu spożywczego w porównaniu z ogółem przedsiębiorstw. Zakończenie w formie wniosków stanowi końcową część artykułu.
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