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Naczynie kultury łużyckiej z Pyszkowa, pow. sieradzki

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Orlińska G.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

2005

vol. LVII

issue 57

41-46

The collections of the Bronze and Early Iron Age Department of the Warsaw State Archaeological Museum include a small vessel (PMA-III/1965) discovered at the cemetery of the Lusatian culture at Pyszków (comm. Brzeźnio, distr. Sieradz, woj. łódzkie). Unearthed in 1875 by an amateur-explorer, the piece later passed into the collection of Zygmunt Gloger. After the death of the eminent ethnographer in 1910 the vessel was added – with other finds – to the collections of the Dept. of Antiquities in Muzeum Przemysłu i Rolnictwa (Industry and Agriculture Museum), joined in 1928 to the State Archaeological Museum. The small vessel with a fully reconstructed foot – a beaker – is black; both its surfaces are smoothed. Under the rim it has five groups of 2–4 small openings, its upper body is decorated with a deeply engraved ornament of horizontal rows of chevrons and groups of grooves, probably originally filled with white inlay (Fig. 1a–c). The shape of the beaker’s bowl and its ornamentation have many known analogies at Lusatian culture sites from the Halstatt period (J. Miśkiewicz 1968, p. 136, 143, fig. 2c; also eg H. A. Ząbkiewicz-Koszańska 1958, p. 278, 279, pl. Vm, VI:5, VII:2.3, VIII:1.7.8; 1972, pl. III:1, X:7, XI:7; I. Jadczykowa 1990, p. 42–43, pl. I:3.12, II:1.14, VI:15, VII:11, XI:15.16.18, XIX:7, XXII:8.9.16). The vessel is datable to Ha D, like most inlaid ceramics of this type recorded in Poland. What makes the beaker from Pyszków unique is its footed form. The vessel itself greatly resembles a “wine cup” found in grave 24 at the cemetery at Tyczyn, distr. Sieradz, site 3 (A. Kufel-Dzierzgowska 1973, p. 197, pl. X:5). It can be no accident that both these exceptional Halstatt vessels were discovered at only a small distance of about 11 km. During Early Iron Age the Sieradz Region was crossed by the NE side branch of the Amber Route linking the south Baltic coast with the Adriatic (L. J. Łuka 1959, p. 84–85, map 1; T. Malinowski 1971, fig. 1; A. Gardawski 1979, p. 128, 130). It is to this latter area, in SE Slovenia, and the Dolenjsko group of the southeastern Hallstatt culture in particular that we must look for prototypes of both of the cited Lusatian footed vessels (cf J. Dular 1982, p. 41 ff, fig. 3, pl. 11–19; 20:173.174, 24:233–235, 25:234–236). Half their size and decorated in local styles they appear to be a distant echo of the fine specimens from southern Europe. The two cemeteries at Pyszków and Tyczyn lie close to rivers, which during the age of interest were the most convenient communication routes.

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1 Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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Naczynie kultury łużyckiej z Pyszkowa, pow. sieradzki