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How Does the Displacement of Natural Persons during War Influence the Applicable Law

100%
Dikovska I., Wałachowska M.
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
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2022
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vol. 31
163-186
EN
In this article the authors analyse the consequences of displacement of natural persons during war, in the field of private international law. That displacement may affect the determination of applicable law if the factors to be taken into account include domicile, habitual residence, permanent residence, residence or sojourn of natural person. Apart from discussing the general understanding of these factors, we present the situations where a person has lost links with the country of his or her nationality because of the war but has not acquired strong links with any other country. All of the issues are discusses in the light of legal assistance agreements, EU law, and national laws.
2

Military Training Areas as Scenes for Forced Migrations in the Czech Lands, and Their Commemoration

88%
Kovařík D.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2021
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vol. 31
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issue 1
42 - 52
EN
The study deals with the displacement of selected groups of inhabitants from areas that were occupied by the army and used for training and other needs of it as military training areas in Bohemia and Moravia in the twentieth century. These displacement operations affected about seventy thousand inhabitants between 1904 and 1954. In addition to the description of particular displacement operations, the study also deals with the fates of inhabitants, affected like this, as well as of depopulated and desolate villages and settlements, which mostly were demolished and razed to the ground in the subsequent years. The displacement of inhabitants from military training areas is an example of forced migration in which each period and each political system applied different procedures in relation to residents in the affected areas. While the displacement of affected inhabitants at the time of the Nazi occupation entered into the national memory as an example of the persecution of Czech citizens and it was publicly commemorated in the subsequent years, further displacement operations after the year 1945 were, by contrast, tabooed and those affected were not allowed to commemorate these events publicly. This different experience became evident in the creation of collective, or cultural memory, and it also influenced diverse forms and ways of commemorating the forced migrations from military training areas.
3
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"Odsun" / "vyhnání" v rodinné paměti Němců z českých zemí a jejich potomků

88%
Nosková J.
Národopisný věstník
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2018
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vol. 35_(77)
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issue 2
5-28
EN
The study deals with the content and transmission of “images” connected with forced displacement and the relating processes in two three-generation families. The families were chosen based on the oldest generation´s personal experience with the forced displacement after World War II (a family of “deported” Germans living in Germany today and a family of German origin remaining in Czechoslovakia after 1945). The analysis focusses on family memory, whereby the authors ask not only about the content of memories of persons who are part of the “generation of experience”, but also about the transmission of these contents down to the generation of children and grandchildren, as well as about in which way the follow-up generations came to terms with the experience of the oldest generation. The authors point out the importance of family memory to create the identity of persons participating in that memory, and they demonstrate one of possible types of family remembering, whereby the youngest and the oldest generation are its major participants (transgenerational remembering).
4
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Learning by sharing in tough times. The Swedish study circle method and its educational hope for migrant adults

75%
Adamczewski J., Rozvadská K.
Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses
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2022
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vol. 23
63-77
EN
The current political and economical world situation does not fill us with optimism. The recent case of migration and forced displacement in Europe due to the war conflict in Ukraine raises questions about the use of methods that can help adult migrants to carry on with their lives in a new country. Our onceptual paper builds on the Swedish history and experience of migration, together with a study circle form of adult education that is popular and valued here. The aim of the article is to describe the educational possibilities for migrant adults by sharing the good practices worked out in Sweden in recent years. This kind of knowledge can be seen as a valuable lesson for those countries that are in need of systemic solutions in regard to forced migration.
5
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METAFORA WYGNANIA: WSPÓŁCZEŚNI ARTYŚCI KOLUMBIJSCY WOBEC PRZESIEDLEŃ

51%
Padilla C.
Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny
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2016
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vol. 24
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issue 2(92)
37-51
PL
Przesiedlenia w Kolumbii dotyczą ponad 10% ludności kraju, głównie mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich. Mimo że jest to jeden z najpoważniejszych problemów społecznych tego kraju, nie jest on znany szerszemu gronu odbiorców. Jednakże jego konsekwencje odczuwane są również w największych miastach, które przyjmują fale migrantów, a przez to rozwijają się w sposób niekontrolowany. Prowadzi to do zaburzenia funkcjonowania strefy miejskiej, wzrostu przestępczości, spadku poczucia bezpieczeństwa, wzrostu różnic społecznych i marginalizacji. Kolumbijscy artyści nawiązują do tych zjawisk, szczególnie dotyczących przesiedleń, ich podstawowych przyczyn i konsekwencji, podejmując tematy zbrojnej przemocy, starć między grupami powstańczymi, paramilitarnymi a siłami bezpieczeństwa, nielegalnego wydobycia surowców mineralnych i jego wpływu na gospodarkę. Ich prace ukazują nowe oblicze Kolumbii - mniej znane i marginalizowane. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą analizy takich manifestacji artystycznych, według ich treści i formy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sposobu przedstawiania przesiedleńców – ofiar konfliktu.. Prace te wykonywane były przy współudziale przesiedleńców i miały również cele terapeutyczne
EN
Forced displacement in Colombia afflicts more than 10% of its total population, and despite being one of its greatest social problems, it is a somewhat unknown condition that occurs mainly in the most remote rural populations. However, its impact can be felt in large cities because of their excessive, disorderly and continued growth, lack of public safety, and the marked social difference between the privileged and the marginalized. Contemporary Colombian artists research, track and reflect on internal displacement, its consequences and main causes: the armed violence of the various insurgent groups as well as their confrontations with public security forces, the illegal exploitation of natural resources and its impact on the economy of the affected areas. Their works show us new realities of the marginalized and little-known country, focusing on the terms of constant movement and housing afflicting the displaced. This paper proposes a revision to these artistic manifestations according to some categories here established, from its poetic nature and the way the artists approach the issue of displacement, to works carried out with the victims and that in this interaction, make art a resilience mechanism for the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia.
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" Domov" jako místo dočasného návratu : První cesty německých vysídlenců do Československa

51%
Kreisslová S.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2018
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vol. 105
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issue 2
159-176
EN
The study focuses on the phenomenon of so-called home tourism of German-speaking people who have been forcibly displaced in 1945 from Czechoslovakia and now they live in different places of the Federal Republic of Germany. The first illegal border crossings occurred immediately after the forced displacement. The first legal travels to Czechoslovakia can be seen from the second half of the 1950s as a response to the loosening Czechoslovak tourism and visa policies, as well as the improving economic situation of displaced persons. This text focuses on the narrative reflection of these specific trips, i.e. the stay in the “old home” by the actors of this type of tourism. Through biographical narrative interviews, the author looks for the importance attributed to these “places of return” which have undergone a significant social and cultural transformation during the absence of displaced persons.
CS
Studie se věnuje tématu tzv. domovské turistiky německy hovořícího obyvatelstva, které bylo po roce 1945 nuceně vysídleno z Československa a dnes žije na různých místech Spolkové republiky Německo. K prvním ilegálním přechodům hranice docházelo ihned bezprostředně po nuceném vysídlení. Od druhé poloviny padesátých let 20. století lze zaznamenat první legální cesty do Československa, které byly jednak reakcí na pozvolna se uvolňující československou politiku cestovního ruchu a vydávání víz cizincům, jednak na zlepšující se ekonomickou situaci vysídlenců. Text se soustředí na otázku narativní reflexe těchto cest, resp. pobytu ve „starém domově“ ze strany samotných aktérů tohoto specifického druhu turismu. Prostřednictvím biograficko-narativních rozhovorů pátrá po významu, které tomuto místu návratu, jenž od dob jejich nepřítomnosti prošlo výraznou sociální a kulturní proměnou, přisuzují.
7
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The historical and sociological determinants of Polish-Ukrainian political dialogue

51%
Trosiak C.
Przegląd Politologiczny
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2021
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issue 3
81-91
PL
Obecność ponad miliona imigrantów ukraińskich w Polsce jest źródłem różnego rodzaju analiz i opracowań. Ich celem jest poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak, ta najliczniejsza grupa imigrantów, głównie zarobkowych i edukacyjnych przebywająca w Polsce, będzie wpływała na przebieg dyskusji na temat społecznych, politycznych, kulturowych i w końcu ekonomicznych skutków migracji? Jeszcze inne pytanie, na które odpowiedzi poszukuje autor tego artykułu, dotyczy tego jak wydarzenia historyczne, takie jak „rzeź wołyńska”, przymusowe wysiedlenia ludności polskiej i ukraińskiej z lat 1939 - 1952 wpłyną na treści i intensywność polsko-ukraińskiego dialogu politycznego i treści polityki historycznej? Autor formułuje tezę, że zarówno polscy jak i ukraińscy mogą dla osiągnięcia doraźnych celów politycznych wykorzystać. Przezwyciężanie balastów historycznych to proces rozpisany na lata i pokolenia. Polityka realizowana jest w krótszych okresach i często zmieniają się jej wektory. Ta konkluzja powinna być zachętą do podejmowania wyzwań związanych z polsko-ukraińskim pojednaniem, który jest warunkiem koniecznym dobrosąsiedzkich stosunków między Rzeczpospolitą Polską i Ukrainą, szerzej, między Polakami i Ukraińcami zarówno w Polsce jak i na Ukrainie.
EN
The presence of over a million Ukrainian immigrants in Poland has inspired various analyses and studies. They seek to answer the question of how this largest group of immigrants, living in Poland mainly for economic and educational purposes,will influence the course of discussions on the social, political, cultural and, finally, economic consequences of migration. Yet another question, which the author of this article is attempting to answer, concerns how historical events such as the “Volhynia slaughter” and the forced displacement of Polish and Ukrainian people from 1939 to 1952 will affect the content and intensity of Polish-Ukrainian political dialogue and the content of political history. The author formulates the thesis that both Poles and Ukrainians can use these events to achieve short-term political goals. Overcoming historical burdens is a process that will take many years and last for generations. Politics, however, is more short-term and its vectors frequently change. This observation should encourage taking up the challenges related to Polish-Ukrainian reconciliation, which is a necessary condition for good neighbourly relations between the Republic of Poland and Ukraine, and more broadly, between Poles and Ukrainians, both in Poland and in Ukraine.
8
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Two German-Jewish rescue programmes launched in Great Britain, 1933–1939

51%
Rosner A. M.
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2021
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vol. 28
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issue 1
25-44
EN
Between 1933 and 1939 many British organisations, as well as individuals, who witnessed the rise of Nazi Germany, the implementation of anti-Jewish laws, and growing anti-Semitism, decided to take action. There were numerous attempts aimed at supporting Jews living in the Third Reich, either by providing them with money or by helping them emigrate. This article describes two largest such programmes, i.e. the Kindertransports, and an unnamed action focused on intellectuals, scientists, and artists. The article first discusses the character of both, and then proceeds to explore the question of the character of the migrations presented, as well as the differences between migration and refuge seeking. It concludes with the issue of post-war mobility of the participants of both programmes.
9
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Region peryferyjny wobec procesów globalizacji – eksploatacja surowców i zjawisko rugowania rdzennych mieszkańców Chocó z ich ziemi (w Kolumbii)

51%
Czerny M.
Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej
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2016
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vol. 5
273-288
EN
The article focuses on the issues of forced displacement of people from regions with high growth potential. The search for valuable mineral resources and available land for future commercial crops (such as soybeans) make the peripheral regions in developing countries, mostly inhabited by the farming population, including indigenous tribes (e.g. Indian) interesting object for the activities of criminal groups and guerillas supported by big global investors who intend to expand their business here. The obstacles are inhabitants of these lands, who do not have the right tools and the political force to defend themselves against aggression and displacement them forcibly from villages they inhabit. This phenomenon is analyzed here on the example of the department of Chocó in Colombia, which is rich in valuable raw materials (such as gold and platinum) and has a vast sparsely populated areas suitable for the introduction of export crops (such as palm oil, soybeans and others).
PL
Artykuł porusza kwestie przymusowych przesiedleń ludności z regionów o dużym potencjale rozwojowym. Poszukiwanie cennych surowców mineralnych oraz wolnych ziem pod przyszłe uprawy komercyjne (m.in. soi) sprawiają, że regiony peryferyjne w krajach rozwijających się, zamieszkane głównie przez ludność rolniczą, w tym plemiona tubylcze (np. Indian), stają się obiektem działań grup przestępczych wspieranych przez wielkich inwestorów globalnych, którzy zamierzają rozwijać tu swoją działalność. Na przeszkodzie stoją mieszkańcy tych ziem, którzy nie mają odpowiednich narzędzi i siły politycznej na to, żeby się bronić przed agresją i wypędzaniem ich pod przymusem z wiosek, które zamieszkują. Omawiane zjawisko analizowane jest tu na przykładzie departamentu Chocó w Kolumbii, który bogaty jest w cenne surowce (m.in. złoto i platynę) i posiada rozległe tereny słabo zaludnione, odpowiednie do wprowadzenia upraw eksportowych (m.in. palmy oleistej, soi).
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