There are three general problem areas in the production of native-like language by the foreign learner: lexically based co-occurrence restrictions, inflectional paradigms and function words with little semantic impact. Remedial action can either be rule-based or dictionary-based. This corresponds to two traditionally recognized modes of sentence processing: analytic (with conscious reference to the grammatical system) or holistic (formulaic, where whole chunks are attended to). I argue for the existence of a third, middle-of-the-road strategy, which I tentatively label the "contentive" mode of sentence processing, with the focus on content-bearing individual lexical items.. Contentive processing is a key factor in the modular concept of formulaicity, proposed in this paper. A formula can be thought of as a bundle of opaque features, a recurrent unit, a social token or a morphosyntactic exemplar. This puts a different perspective on language teaching.
Theatre workshops are not only a creative and effective way to learn a foreign language but also a substantial cultural experience. The article reflects experiences gained by stagings during Summer School of Polish Language, Literature and Culture courses in Cieszyn (University of Silesia). The author introduces adaptation techniques used in transcoding literary works for foreign recipients. Adaptations result in the creation of a new (different) quality of works – sometimes even very loosely based on the original.
PL
Warsztaty teatralne to nie tylko kreatywny i skuteczny sposób nauczania języka obcego, lecz także bogate doświadczenie kulturowe. W artykule opisano doświadczenia inscenizacji zdobyte podczas letnich kursów języka polskiego, literatury i kultury polskiej w Cieszynie (Uniwersytet Śląski). Autorka przedstawia techniki adaptacyjne stosowane w transkodowaniu utworów literackich dla zagranicznych odbiorców. Adaptacje skutkują powstaniem nowej (innej) jakości prac, niekiedy nawet bardzo luźno opartych na oryginale.
How do people with the hearing impairments communicate with hearing people? Is it possible for oralists to learn foreign language? These questions are a starting point of the reviewed book. There is a need to broaden the scope of foreign language teaching for students with hearing disfunction as a part of inclusive teaching.
The paper investigates the exposure of Polish learners of languages for legal purposes to popular culture, including different types of foreign law-related TV productions (feature films, series and TV courtroom shows) that could be exploited as authentic legal language teaching materials. An empirical study, inspired by a multinational research project into student views on the image of law and lawyers, will try to elucidate the fact that law-related pop culture engages the interests of non-native learners of languages for legal purposes. Furthermore, the issues of authentic video materials per se and legal consciousness will be highlighted. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research.
Results from the European survey on Language Competences (ESLC) show that regular exposure to a foreign language for many Polish pupils is limited to language classes at school. in this light, the authors of this article took a closer look at the Polish ESLC findings. With a discussion on current theoretical approaches, good practice in foreign language teaching and national core curriculum requirements, the paper presents an analysis of student responses to a questionnaire about English lessons at lower secondary school. it also aims to describe how the school language class, as students describe it, achieves its basic goal in language education – communication in a foreign language.
The following paper presents the context of creation and aspirations of the Galician language textbook A gaita galega written in co-authorship by two Galician language teachers from two Polish universities. The specific perspective of the textbook derives from the peculiar condition of the Galician language as well as its user’s profile: a philology student in Poland with prior knowledge of Spanish or/and Portuguese.
During the last decade translation in foreign language teaching has experienced renewed interest. At present, research in this area focuses not so much on the advantages and disadvantages of translation, but on the question of how it can be optimally integrated and taught in higher education. We decided to look for an answer to that question in the didactics of translation and foreign language education. The result of our study is the teaching model that we present in this article. We also demonstrate how we applied this model during the practical FL-translation classes taught to third-year undergraduate students of the programme offered by the Dutch Chair of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin where translation is taught as part of the Dutch language learning programme.
Myślą przewodnią niniejszego artykułu jest odejście od monokultury metod nauczania języków obcych w kierunku różnorodności metodycznej. Koncepcją wyrażającą ten trend jest Balanced Teaching – podejście, które odrzuca konkurowanie i faworyzowanie metod nauczania języków obcych zorientowanych na kategorię hermetyczności i otwartości. Balanced Teaching zakłada ich współistnienie oraz proponuje zachowanie równowagi pomiędzy nimi w nauczaniu języka obcego.
EN
The article is devoted to the diversification of foreign language teaching methods. The Balanced Teaching approach accurately represents this approach since it rejects competition between the foreign language teaching methods which focus either on hermeticism or on openness. Balanced Teaching assumes their coexistence and suggests their remaining in balance in foreign language teaching.
Language use that results from communicative language competence is not only about proper production and reception of various texts. It is also reflected in interactions and mediations between people. Hence, ensuring balanced and continuous development of communicative competence during foreign language classes, as well as identification of additional forms of improving it (which also affects the development of learner autonomy) are challenges for teachers of foreign languages. One of the ways that can help to achieve these goals is the use of ICT in teaching. The article presents the results of a study conducted among foreign-language teachers working in Krakow universities. The goal of the study was to determine whether and, if so, what actions that include the use of ICT teachers take to support the autonomy of learners, and, as a result, to increase the communicative language competence of their students. The results of the study are a contribution to the analysis of the system of foreign language teaching in higher education institutions in the constantly evolving technological reality.
The article focuses on developing the teachers’ skills which are integral to the processes of professional decision–making where teachers are constantly involved. The paper gives an overview of a model of teachers’ development offered by innovative educational processes, activity of the teachers on the organization of foreign student training activity, etc. It describes the results of the authors’ modeling on adapting the presentation reliability development among the business students in the foreign language training process.
The role of foreign language teaching at an early age is proving very important today for a variety of reasons. There are various approaches to this topic in the literature, many of which point out that in the development of the human brain, certain phases can be identified that should be taken into account in for¬eign language learning. These phases are referred to in the literature using the time window metaphor. The various aspects of language learning by young learners will be addressed in the volume published in 2019, the results of which will be presented in the paper.
My point of departure for this paper is that translation, so long neglected in foreign language teaching, can not only improve students’ linguistic competences in both a foreign language and their mother tongue, but also their awareness of cultural and intercultural elements. It is a widespread popular assumption, among those not involved in language teaching, that linguistic competences are the key to learning a language and to communicating in a foreign language; consequently, they assume that translation ought to play a major role in the study of a foreign language. Indeed, late 20th century theories of language teaching, apart from the grammar-translation method, have largely ignored or criticized the role of translation. I will focus on a translation course I taught to a class of a year three Italian undergraduate students studying foreign languages, and discuss the advantages of using translation to improve students’ linguistic competences, in their mother tongue and in the foreign language, and to develop their intercultural communicative competences and their cultural (Bassnett, 2002, 2007) and intercultural awareness (Kramsch, 1993, 1998). The translated text was taken from The Simpsons, season 21, episode 16.
My point of departure for this paper is that translation, so long neglected in foreign language teaching, can not only improve students’ linguistic competences in both a foreign language and their mother tongue, but also their awareness of cultural and intercultural elements. It is a widespread popular assumption, among those not involved in language teaching, that linguistic competences are the key to learning a language and to communicating in a foreign language; consequently, they assume that translation ought to play a major role in the study of a foreign language. Indeed, late 20th century theories of language teaching, apart from the grammar-translation method, have largely ignored or criticized the role of translation. I will focus on a translation course I taught to a class of a year three Italian undergraduate students studying foreign languages, and discuss the advantages of using translation to improve students’ linguistic competences, in their mother tongue and in the foreign language, and to develop their intercultural communicative competences and their cultural (Bassnett, 2002, 2007) and intercultural awareness (Kramsch, 1993, 1998). The translated text was taken from The Simpsons, season 21, episode 16.
The aim of this article is to discuss the problem of intercultural competence and communication. The author wants to draw attention to the phenomenon of the concept of culture and its role in the process of developing intercultural communication and intercultural competence.
The aim of the paper is to answer the question of what is the role of Feedback in the process of learning English as a foreign language. Feedback is an important element of student-teacher interaction in the classroom. Even experienced teachers admit that it is beneficial to put oneself in the student’s position in order to understand their individual needs, and hence adjust the instruction, assessment and feedback moves to aid language acquisition. Since errors are an unavoidable part of the learning process and teachers feel compelled to address students’ spoken errors, it seems significant to consider how the learners perceive the feedback they receive.
The use of mass communication in the field of foreign language teaching is not a new phenomenon, because traditional media have been in use in this area for a few decades. Nowadays, however, several tendencies confirming the scale of this phenomenon can be observed. Mass media, and new media in particular, are used both in the process of self-education and as an important tool used by foreign language teachers. Technological progress, the communication revolution, the spread of the Internet, and the development of new media and mobile technologies offer modern and more effective methods of language education. This article reviews the conditions relating to the relationship between mass media and language learning, taking into account the possibility of using one of the key functions of mass communication, namely its educational function. The authors, using literature analysis, defined and analyzed the causes of specific symbiosis between media tools and technologies as well as the methodology used in the field of foreign language teaching.
Jedną z głównych zasad współczesnego nauczania języków obcych jest zasada kognitywności, zwana też zasadą świadomego nauczania, zgodnie z którą cały proces uczenia się i nauczania języka obcego powinien być nacechowany rozumieniem (por. SZAŁEK 2004: 119). W powyższym artykule przedstawione zostały formy uczenia się, wymagające świadomego podejścia i tym samym niemieszczące się w behawiorystycznym modelu nauczania. Najważniejsze z nich to: mapy poznawcze, uczenie się pojęć, uczenie się przez wgląd oraz uczenie się przez obserwację. Wydaje się, że ostatnia z wymienionych form uczenia się, zwana także uczeniem się przez modelowanie, najczęściej występuje w praktyce szkolnej, na przykład w postaci przeróżnych ćwiczeń dialogowych. Jednak związane z tą formą uczenia się: autonomia i samoregulacja ucznia są wciąż zbyt mało rozpowszechnione na lekcjach języka obcego. W nauczaniu pojęć nadal dominują techniki werbalne, takie jak parafrazy, synonimy oraz tłumaczenia na język polski, pomimo większej efektywności technik niewerbalnych. Natomiast coraz większą popularnością w pracy nad słownictwem zaczynają się cieszyć językowe mapy poznawcze, które znaleźć można w wielu współczesnych podręcznikach do nauki języków obcych. Niektóre podręczniki zawierają również strategie odkrywania reguł gramatycznych, wspierając tym samym uczenie się przez wgląd. Ta forma nauczania jest niestety często odrzucana przez nauczycieli, prawdopodobnie nie do końca świadomych pozytywnych efektów uczenia się odkrywczego.
Since Poland is an ethnically and linguistically homogeneous country, the lack of knowledge of the mother tongue in minority communities occurs much often than of the Polish language. The intergenerational transmission of language in a small community (ca. 1000 people) of the Old Believers in North-Eastern Poland differs from bigger minorities, such as Germans, Lithuanians or Belarussians, who have the possibility to teach their mother tongue as a school subject. Young Old Believers are more proficient in the Polish language, and the traditional dialect fulfills the function of the 2nd language, and in some aspects can be even treated as a foreign language. Due to the structural and lexical differences, resulting from the influence of the Polish language, the Old Believers’ dialect significantly differs from the literary variety of Russian which is taught as a school subject in Poland. Despite of the demographic and administrative problems (there is no possibility to establish a school teaching of the Russian dialect in Poland), the Old Believers have elaborated some mechanisms of teaching their traditional language, which will be characterized in the article, as well as their effects and future perspectives for the self-made language education system in the minority community.
The term blended learning can be applied to a very broad range of language teaching and learning situations. The paper deals with practising information technologies in foreign language learning and teaching. The author states that traditional forms of foreign language teaching at present are not very attractive for university students. It can be commonly applied to a foreign language course where all the students meet with the teacher in a face-to-face class, but in which the language course includes a parallel self-study components.
The presented study focuses on the interactive cognition of expert teachers during their teaching. 16 foreign language teachers’ lessons were videotaped and the teachers were asked to reveal their interactive cognition through a stimulated recall interview. The verbal protocols were then analyzed in the light of argumentation analysis and the claims were subject to content analysis. The results showed that individual teachers varied greatly as regards their percentages of stimulated recall as well as other aspects of their interactive cognition, which supports the prototypical view of teacher expertise.
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