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EN
This essay approaches Russian Formalist theory from the perspective of the digital humanities. It focuses on the approaches to quantitative poetics made by several members of the Moscow Linguistic Circle: Boris Tomashevsky, Roman Jakobson, and particularly Boris Yarkho. A special emphasis is made on Yarkho’s invention of what Franco Moretti later referred to as “distant reading” – a comparison of a large number of texts by a limited number of formal features.
PL
Niniejszy esej traktuje o rosyjskiej teorii formalistycznej z perspektywy humanistyki cyfrowej. Skupia się na podejściu do poetyki kwantytatywnej kilku członków Moskiewskiego Koła Lingwistycznego: Borisa Tomaszewskiego, Romana Jakobsona, a zwłaszcza Borisa Jarcho. Szczególny nacisk położony jest na opracowanej przez Jarcho metodzie, którą później Franco Moretti nazwał „czytaniem na dystans” – porównywaniu dużej liczby tekstów pod względem ograniczonej liczby cech formalnych.
EN
This paper focuses on reconstructing the history of the so-called Russian Formalism and the avantgarde context of OPOYAZ’s inception in Petersburg in 1914. Victor Shklovsky’s lecture-manifesto titled “The resurrection of the word”, which he presented in the café “Brodyacha Sobaka” (“The Stray Dog”) in Petersburg, marked the symbolic beginning of this movement. The anniversary of the foundation of the Russian Formal School as well as the international congress commemorating this anniversary, which was organized in Moscow in 2013 (titled “The 100th Anniversary of Russian Formalism: 1913–2013”) provide a starting point for discussing the legacy and topicality of the Russian Formalism in contemporary literary studies.
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