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PL
The main aim of the paper is reconstruction of the concept of Bildung (considered as forming the man’s personality) in an educational novel entitled Henry von Ofterdingen written by Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg). Novalis’s novel – inspired by Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister Lehrejahre – is one of the most original early romantic works which prove the importance of the idea of Bildung for German culture at the beginning of the 19th century. In the first part of the text the author discusses the literary image of Bildung presented in the plot of the novel and then indicates its inner contradiction. In the second part of the article the author reconstructs the philosophical roots of this ideal regarding Novalis’s notion of Bildung in light of the thought of German idealism (transcendental philosophy of Immanuel Kant and Johann Gottlieb Fichte in particular) because the theory of romantic progressive poetry (elaborated most fully by Friedrich Schlegel) originates there. The perspective taken in the paper allows the author to reveal the universal significance of the inner contradiction of the romantic idea of forming man’s personality as a sign of the fundamental crisis of the modern ideal of humanity.
EN
In the article the state of forming of communicative competence of future lawyers in higher education of Ukraine and Germany is analyzed. There is made the comparative description of preparation of the students of law faculty with an accent on forming of communicative competence on the example of the University of modern knowledge (Ukraine) and Frankfort university is named after Goethe (Germany). It is drawn the conclusion, that the structure of professional preparation of future lawyers is folded educational and cognitive, research constituents, and also productive practice. A main place is taken to conception of communicative preparation of the future lawyers, the essence of it consists in integration of the special courses of the special and professional disciplines, in continuous perfection of skills of the verbal and writing broadcasting, receptions of analytical mental work, that need knowledge. It is also outlined the aim of productive practice of future lawyers in Ukraine that begins from the second course: the forming of professional abilities and skills of acceptance of independent decisions; the education of necessity systematic to proceed the knowledge, to promote a legal culture and professional legal consciousness; to teach to apply knowledge in practical activity. In Germany the practice for future lawyers begins from the first course and lasts two years in legal establishments (from civil cases, court from criminal cases or office of public prosecutor, administrative and managerial establishments, advocacy). The sign line of studies is an active collaboration with the faculties of law of the foreign states. All these factors assist the forming of communicative competence of lawyers.
XX
The peculiarities of integration and differentiation of knowledge in the forming of the psychological – pedagogical competence of a future teacher of physical training are outlined in the following article. The pedagogical methods of providing differentiation and integration of knowledge and abilities are distinguished and psychological methods in the forming of the psychological – pedagogical competence of future teachers of physical culture are examined in this article.
EN
The article is devoted to different alternatives to methodology of teaching future professionals. Upgrading of professional studies, preparation competitive students for the market of labour is the main task that stand before the pedagogical collectives of vocational schools. In today’s psycho-pedagogical literature there is a tendency to develop methods and tools for training that meet the vocational education of the new model and the requirements of society and how effectively contribute to the professional development of the students in the educational process of learning in VET. Such methods are widely used in the notification of new knowledge and to a lesser extent – in the process of consolidation. Much attention in the educational process should not pay to the mechanism of storing information as to achieve understanding, the ability to think logically, to use their knowledge and skills in practice. In the article the methods of forming of key competence of future accounting clerks are analysed and described of registration of accounting data by the author. The basic forms and methods of realization of theoretical and practical lessons are exposed. It is marked that the use of active methods of studies during preparation of future accounting clerks of registration of accounting data assists more quality mastering of knowledge and forming on their basis professional abilities, development professionally of important qualities of a personality, creative capabilities, promotes motivation to professional activity. The author stresses that interactive learning is a set of specific methods, techniques, forms and methods of educational process aimed at implementing the objectives of training, and the creation of favorable conditions for subject-subject interaction. In addition to activation of intellectual processes, such training should promote experience and culture of interpersonal interaction that positively affect the results of success of future teachers of vocational training building structure. In the training of the students the author recommends to use widely interactive methods, including problems that lie at the heart of a problem-based learning. Methodology of forming of economic, communicative and informative competence of future accounting clerks is certain of registration of accounting data.
EN
The article analyzes the experience of forming professional and communicative competency of future social workers in the education systems of Western European countries, in particular, France, Germany and Switzerland. On the basis of generalization of the studied data it has been found out that each country has its own techniques of forming professional and communicative competency of social workers, which are peculiar to its own specific character and based on the well-established traditions of a particular society. At the same time it has been defined that basic qualities which social workers should have for efficient professional and communicative activity (striving for communication, ability to establish communicative interaction with different members of society, knowledge of professional speech etiquette etc.) are common for all countries. The content of the forming professional and communicative competency of students in the education systems of France, Germany and Switzerland has been analyzed. Forms and methods used in the educational process in order to develop professional and communicative competency of the future social workers have been defined. It has been found out that the theoretical training of students is closely linked to the usage of acquired communication skills and habits in the process of practical training, which is given much study time aimed at obtaining by the students a maximum professional experience in the real terms of communicative interaction. It has been defined that a modern pattern of forming professional and communicative competency of future social workers in the higher educational establishments of Ukraine should be created in the unity of social factors of our country and foreign experience.
PL
Praca przedstawia wybrane, główne zasady i strategie odnoszące się do modernizacji przestrzeni architektonicznej. Celem pracy jest koncepcja powiązania strategii modernizacji z ogólnymi zasadami kształtowania architektury. W części wstępnej zaprezentowano ogólny przegląd definicji i percepcji przestrzeni architektonicznej z punktu widzenia uznawanych teoretyków architektury. Dalej opisano w pracy ogólne zasady odnośnie kształtowania przestrzeni architektonicznej i jej powiązania z modernizacją. Opis jest zilustrowany przez graficzne diagramy i fotografie. Diagramy jak założono, wyczerpują wszystkie możliwości prezentacji graficznej rozważanych przestrzeni. W drugiej części pracy zawarto szereg graficznych diagramów wraz z ilustracjami przedstawiającymi w założeniu wszystkie strategie modernizacji. Głównym celem strategii modernizacyjnych są procesy przekształceń, zmierzające do odnawiania i uwspółcześniania istniejącej lub projektowanej przestrzeni. Każdy proces przekształceń został zdefiniowany w pracy. Podsumowujący diagram wskazuje na hierarchie i poziomy modernizacji przestrzeni. Końcową konkluzją pracy jest stwierdzenie, że kształtowanie przestrzeni architektonicznej i strategie modernizacji reprezentują dwa oblicza tego samego medalu.
EN
The paper covers the main rules and the basic strategies the modernization of architectural space. First of all, there is the conception to involve modernization with general rules of architecture forming. In the introduction part by noted theoreticians has been presented, the general outline of definitions together with general description of space perception. Next, the paper describes the general rules connected to space forming. It contains graphical diagrams and photos. They gave appear all possibilities for geometrical presentation to describe any architectural space. In the second part of the paper has been presented several graphical diagrams and photos modernization strategies. There is the main objective of modernization strategies as transformation processes of architectural space for its renewing and remodelling. Each transformation process obtains in the paper its proper name. The summary diagram describes the hierarchical levels of modernization. The main conclusion of the paper of firms that rules of forming architectural space and modernization strategies are two sides to every coin.
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