Search results

1

KORESPONDENCJA ŻOŁNIERSKA W TWIERDZY PRZEMYŚL

100%

Bator J.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2015

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vol. 51

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issue 1(13): Historia Wojskowości

171-177

EN

Przemyśl, as a large garrison and fortress in the first period of military activities also had to face up to a challenging task of military correspondence. It was secured by a few field post offices whose operation in the first period of the FWW fights and the first siege is presented in this article.

2

Stan gotowości zamków pomorskich i wielkopolskich w świetle lustracji Królewszczyzn z poł. XVI w.

100%

Plewczyński M.

Historia i Świat

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2014

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issue 3

99-112

EN

The surveys of the royal real properties in Pomerania and Greater Poland from 1564 to 1565 include descriptions of fortresses. A three person committee evaluated the state of particular castles. Some of them were in a bad state, especially those in Człuchów and Gniew. Fortresses in Tuchola, Świeć, Grudziądz, Brodnica, and Bratian had been repaired just before the survey was completed. The fortresses, which previously had belonged to The Teutonic Order, were repaired renovated when the survey was undertaken. Castles in The Greater Poland had been built during the reign of Casimir the Great and thus required serious repairs. were necessary. Castles in Brzesko and Inowrocław areas were in a better state than the castles at the Silesian border. Moreover, the amount of firearms was greater in the southern part of Poland than in the northern one. However, as far as manpower and supplies of garrisons are concerned, they were was insufficient in the whole country. The same was in the case of supplies. In sum, by the time of the surveys most of the inspected fortifications were out of date.

3

The Berlin plans of Kamianets-Podilskyi

100%

OPYRCHAŁ L., OPYRCHAŁ U., NAHNYBIDA R.

Historia i Świat

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2021

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vol. 10

405-421

EN

The article discusses five manuscript plans of Kamianets-Podilskyi which are present in Berlin. Four of them are available in the collections of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (The Berlin State Library) and one – at the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesits (Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage). Despite the fact that the list of maps and plans of areas present in the former socialist countries in Europe was published in 1976, these plans remained unknown to both, Polish and Ukrainian researchers analysing the history of fortification. Three of the discussed four plans are especially important. The first one is the plan by Christian Dahlke, an engineer who fortified Kamianets-Podilskyi, the later commanding officer of this fortress. The second one is an anonymous plan from 1740, most probably created during the inspection of the fortress reinforcements which was carried out by Saxon engineers. The third one is the plan by G. de Hundt. Identical versions of this plan are located in Cracow, in Vienna and in Moscow. Due to the fact that both, Austria as well as Russia, conducted military activities in Podolia in the 18th century, nearly identical plans of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Fortress, present in the capitals of those countries, indicate that G. de Hundt worked not only for the Polish king, but also for foreign intelligences.

4

The plan of Kamianets-Podilskyi from 1773

100%

OPYRCHAŁ L.

Historia i Świat

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2022

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issue 11

361-371

EN

The paper discusses a plan of the Kamianets-Podilskyi fortress from the year 1773, which has not been known until now. The performed analyses of the biographical notes of the Reibnitz family, demonstrated that the most probable author is Ferdinand Friedrich Christoph von Reibnitz, a standard-bearer and later captain of the regiment of royal infantry. The descriptions in the plan and the legend were made in German. The shape of the city and of the castles is represented in a very deformed way, however, the plan includes many details of the city surroundings, such as the locations of windmills or of the Evangelical and Jewish cemeteries. The errors in the representation of both castles, the new one and the old one, suggest that the discussed plan is a copy of the plan kept in Berlin, at the Prussian Privy State Archives.

5

Z walk lotniczych K. u K. Luftschifferabteilung nad Galicją jesienią 1914 r. w trakcie pierwszego i w początku drugiego oblężenia twierdzy Przemyśl w świetle archiwaliów wiedeńskiego Staatsarchiv-Kriegsarchiv i literatury pamiętnikarskiej

88%

Olejko A.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2013

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vol. 49

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issue 1: Historia Wojskowości

67-120

EN

The topic of military activities in the Przemysl Fortress during the Great War (First World War) still remains the subject of archival research. The article presents the current state of research on aviation activity of that time in the area of the Fortress. Theauthor presents his views on the basis of his research carried out in the Vienna Staatsarchiv-Kriegsarchiv, not exhausting the subject, however. This study is original and contributes a series of previously completely unknow facts to historical knowledge.

6

Tell el-Retaba, season 2012/ Appendix: Tell el-Retaba 2012. Preliminary report on archaeobotanical investigations

88%

Rzepka S., Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Hulková L., Dubcová V., Malleson C.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2015

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vol. 24(1)

139-163

EN

The sixth season of fieldwork of the Tell el-Retaba Archaeological Mission has brought a number of significant results. For the first time remains of a Hyksos settlement (beside the previously known cemetery) were uncovered. Exploration of a large, regularly planned building, divided into a number of standardized flats, brought new evidence for the reconstruction of the function and organization of a strongly fortified town, which existed on the site during the Twentieth Dynasty. Remains of a Third Intermediate Period settlement showed that after the New Kingdom there was a clear change in the settlement pattern in Tell el-Retaba.

7

Zarządzanie syndromem oblężenia w demokracji liberalnej

75%

Ziółkowski J.

Studia Politologiczne

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2016

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vol. 41

170-197

EN

Article raises the problem of using the mechanism syndrome besieged fortress in systems of liberal democracy. Siege syndrome is treated here as an important factor in changing the system of liberal democracy: its values, norms, institutions, functioning power, elite, leaders. On the other hand syndrome of the siege is an important instrument of management, control society, organizing political scene, to discredit opponents. Its convenience, universal and high efficiency, at low expenditure of energy.

8

Walki o utrzymanie twierdzy w Zbarażu w lipcu i sierpniu 1649 r., część I. Oblężenie i obrona. Faza I (10-31 VII)

75%

Kucharski Z.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2013

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vol. 49

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issue 1: Historia Wojskowości

25-54

EN

The siege of Zbaraż as well as the battles fought outside the fortress between the 10 th and 25th of August 1649 left a prominent and indelible mark of Polish historiography. It is still an undeniable example of heroism, courage and devotion of its defenders. Despite justifed reservations expressed about the campagin preparations, Zbaraż might be perceived in an utterly differnet light. The persistent defence of the fortress gave the king priceless time to mobilize the royal forces and lead his army to the Ukraine. What deserves special attention is the exceptional role of Jeremi Wisniowiecki who rendered considerable services as an informal commander in the defence of Zbaraż. Preserved until this day diaries, letters and, above all, journals, allow historians to reconstruct the course of events in those times. The above presented material is the first part which depicts the combat for holding out the fortress in July and which closes the first stage of its defence.

9

Metsamor (Armenia): preliminary report on the excavations in 2013, 2014 and 2015. Appendix: Anthropological examination of burials from Metsamor in seasons 2013–2015

75%

Jakubiak K., Piliposyan A., Iskra M., Zaqyan A., Mkrtchyan R., Simonyan H.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2016

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vol. 25

553-572

EN

The Metsamor excavation project is a Polish–Armenian effort to investigate a Bronze Age citadel site located about 35 km west of Yerevan, on a hill dominating the Ararat plain. Fieldwork started in 2013 and was aimed during the first three seasons at clarifying site chronology in the citadel as well as the northern lower town. An unbroken sequence from the Kura Araxes culture (Early Bronze Age) to medieval times was confirmed. Settlement remains of Early Iron Age buildings included an almost square structure NSB 2 and a dwelling NSB 1, furnished with a relatively large storage room. Four human skeletons, two of young men, were also recorded, suggesting they were victims of a raid on the settlement. The results of recent field observations coupled with pottery analysis postulate occurrence of two destructive events, first during the Urartian invasion led by Argishti I and the second one at the beginning of the 6th century BC.

10

Tell el-Retaba 2014–2015

75%

Rzepka S., Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Dubcová V., Hulková L., Odler M., Šefčáková A., Sójka P.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2016

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vol. 25

193-225

EN

The excavation at Tell el-Retaba in 2014 and 2015 comprised three seasons of fieldwork, carried out in sectors of the site already opened in previous years. The earliest archaeological remains date from the Second Intermediate Period and represent a Hyksos settlement and cemetery. Ruins of an early Eighteenth Dynasty settlement, fortresses from the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties and from the Third Intermediate Period settlement continued to be excavated as well. Of note are some archaeological remains from the 17th–19th centuries, presented for the first time in the fieldwork report.

11

Twierdza Kłodzko jako obiekt turystyki historyczno-militarnej

63%

Kowal J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Turystyka i Rekreacja

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2015

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issue 2(16)

107-119

PL

W opracowaniu zwrócono uwagę na Twierdzę Kłodzko, zbudowaną na skalistym szczycie (369 m n.p.m.), wznoszącym się nad miastem, będącym interesującym przykładem ciągłości rozwoju zespołu umocnień, dokonującemu się na przestrzeni niemalże 1000 lat. W sezonie letnim 2014 metodą sondażu diagnostycznego (ankieta) przeprowadzono badania nad ruchem turystycznym i jego uwarunkowaniami. Wyniki ankiety miały posłużyć określeniu, jaką rolę ten obiekt pełni w promocji miasta Kłodzko i regionu, a także przyczynić się do oceny stopnia wykorzystania jako źródła dochodów.

EN

The study highlighted the Kłodzko Fortress built on a rocky peak (369 meters) above the city which is an interesting example of the continuity of the development of defenses making the team over the almost one thousand years. In the summer 2014 method of diagnostic survey (survey) carried out research on tourist traffic and its determinants. The survey results were used to determine what role this object plays in promoting the city Kłodzko and the region, as well as contribute to the assessment of the degree of utilization as a source of income.

12

Tell el-Retaba (West): season 2019

63%

Hudec J., Dubcova V., Hulkova L., Wodzińska A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2020

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vol. 29(2)

111-130

EN

Area 4 north of the Migdol was the focus of the 2019 season excavations. An apparent well from Phase G3 was discovered with some pottery sherds inside dating from the end of the Middle Kingdom. In the early Eighteenth Dynasty it was turned into a cemetery; seven tombs discovered this season provided the first evidence of suprapositioning of grave structures in this part of the burial ground. The outskirts of the Phase G settlement and cemetery may have been reached in the excavation. Mud-brick structures from Phase F3 were used for domestic and crafting activities. A battery of ovens continued to be excavated. Parts of Phase F2 architecture were excavated beside the Migdol and below the platform of Wall 2. Artifacts and raw materials indicated long-distance contacts. Metal objects (rings, needles) and arrowheads were also discovered. Phase D4 was represented by the remains of a transport route/walkway. Two silos and a fireplace enclosed by a wall dated to phase C.

13

Tell el-Retaba: season 2017

63%

Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Hulkova L., Fulajtar E., Dubcova V., Rzepka S., Ryś A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2018

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vol. 27(1)

93-122

EN

The 2017 season of archaeological excavation at the site of Tell el-Retaba in the Nile Delta in Egypt led to several interesting discoveries. Two of these concerned burials: a Hyksos tomb from the Second Intermediate Period, robbed but with some remains of the original furnishings, and pit burials from the early Eighteenth Dynasty, one of which was richly endowed with silver jewelry. Meriting note is the discovery of moats belonging to the defenses of the Nineteenth Dynasty fortress. Exploration of a crowded Third Intermediate Period settlement was continued.

14

Kauno tvirtovės gynybinių statinių urbanistinis potencialas

51%

Zaleckis K., Steponaitytė N.

Town Planning and Architecture

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2009

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vol. 33

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issue 2

100-113

LT

Straipsnyje kompleksiškai analizuojamas architektūrinis-urbanistinis Kauno tvirtovės išlikusių gynybinių objektų ir jų sistemos potencialas. Pavieniai Kauno tvirtovės objektai ir išlikusi jų sistema tiriami kaip gamtinio karkaso, urbanistinio karkaso ir mentalinio miesto vaizdo dalys bei analizuojami kaip potencialūs keturių tipų kultūriniai miestovaizdžio-teksto simboliai. Pateikiami principiniai siūlymai, kaip panaudoti šį potencialą miesto reikmėms. Straipsnyje formuojami principiniai metodologiniai pagrindai kompleksiškam urbanistiniam panašių objektų vertinimui.

EN

The remains of the fortifications of Kaunas Fortress represent nonutilized urban and architectural potential at various levels of Kaunas cityscape. Single fortifications and the whole Kaunas Fortress as a system are analysed in the paper within the context of Kaunas cityscape. Analysis is made from the following points of view: urban frame, natural frame, mental city image and four types of cultural symbols of the cityscape-text. Principal suggestions for utilization of the system of former fortifications in Kaunas are presented. The work could serve as a methodological example for similar investigations in other fortresses within urban areas.

15

Nowa funkcja w starych murach – rewitalizacja terenów fortecznych jako szansa na rozwój i promocję na wybranych przykładach

51%

Wojtoń E.

Problemy Rozwoju Miast

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2012

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issue 4

77-91

PL

Tereny poforteczne bardzo długo pozostawały na marginesie zainteresowań specjalistów różnych dziedzin. Obecnie podlegają procesom rynkowym – zmienia się ich stan prawny, własnościowy. Może to być dla nich zarówno szansą, jak i sporym zagrożeniem. Obiekty militarne nie są też najczęściej postrzegane przez społeczeństwo jako odznaczające się szczególnymi wartościami estetycznymi, co dodatkowo komplikuje ich sytuację. Od kilku lat zmienia się tendencja do ich niszczenia lub przyzwalania na dewastację. Przełomem była druga połowa lat 90. XX w., kiedy to zaczęto prace nad programami ochrony i zagospodarowaniem najważniejszych twierdz na ziemiach polskich. Zaczęto wytyczać trasy turystyczne po obiektach fortecznych, otwierać hotele i schroniska młodzieżowe, muzea i kawiarnie. Ciągle jednak w Polsce występuje duży dysonans pomiędzy znacznym potencjałem, jaki posiadamy w zakresie turystyki militarnej, a słabo rozwiniętą ofertą turystyczną i nie do końca przemyślaną promocją. Rozwój turystyki obiektów powojskowych dopiero od niedawna zaczyna dotyczyć Polski. Może on przynieść istotne korzyści ekonomiczne, zaś znalezienie właściwej funkcji, odpowiednia akcja promocyjna i informacyjna, mogą doprowadzić do tego, że staną się one atrakcją dla odwiedzających i spowodują wzrost gospodarczy regionu i podniesienie poziomu życia mieszkańców.

EN

For a long time fortifications were on the margin of interests of different types of specialists. Now we could observe the situation in Poland is changing, because of free market (regards as well ownership as legal status). That situation could be simultaneously a chance or a threat. The biggest problem is with XIXth and XXth century military objects, because of their dimension. They should be treated as a whole, but it is hardly possible. Fortifications are considered by the societies rather as a source of building materials than a valuable monuments. But it is going to be better. Taking into consideration number of styles and schools of architecture, fortifications in Poland seem to be of a big potential for tourism and could raise up the living standard. The 90s of the XXth century became a breakthrough, management plans, protection programmes were created. Also tourist routes, culture and recreation parks, hotels, museums, restaurants were opened in previous military buildings. But co-operation between local and central governments and support from local societies is needed.

16

Plany odtworzenia fortyfikacji Wrocławia z lat 1807–1830

51%

Podruczny G., Wichrowski M.

Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy

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2021

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vol. XXII (LXXIII)

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issue 2 (276)

49-86

EN

The content of the article follows the process of designing the reconstruction of Wrocław’s fortifications between the years 1807–1830. The starting point for the authors consists of a detailed description of the state of preservation of the old fortifications after the completion of the demolition process by the French in 1807. This description is based on material held in the Geheimes Staatsarchiv in Berlin. The main content of the text comprises a presentation of ideas and concepts concerning the reconstruction of the fortifications. The concepts contained in several documents produced between 1807–1824 and in four drawing projects conducted between 1820–1830 have survived to this day. A number of individuals were involved in the discussion regarding the possible shape of the rebuilt fortifications, including the following officers: Grawert, Rode, Pullet, Harroy, Boyen, Grolman, Liebenroth and Schubert. The authors present an overview of the discussions and projects, the only trace of which is the moat around the Old Town that exists to this day, and on its back, a rebuilt and partially preserved promenade, that served at a time a terrain reserve for the provisional reconstruction of the fortifications.

RU

Цель данной статьи – проследить процесс проектирования реконструкции фортификационных сооружений Вроцлава в 1807–1830 гг. Отправной точкой для авторов является подробное описание состояния сохранности старых сооружений после завершения их сноса французами в 1807 г. Это описание основано на архивах берлинского ресурса Geheimes Staatsarchiv. Текст статьи содержит изложение идей и концепций реконструкции фортификационных сооружений. Концепции, содержащиеся в нескольких документах, созданных в 1807–1824 гг., и в четырех чертежах 1820–1830 гг., сохранились до наших дней. Около дюжины человек участвовали в обсуждении возможной формы восстановленных сооружений, включая офицеров: Граверта, Роде, Пуллета, Харроя, Бойена, Грольмана, Либенрота и Шуберта. Авторы статьи представили обсуждение проектов и дискуссии, одним из следов которых является ров вокруг Старого города, существующий до сих пор, а также построенный и частично сохранившийся за этим ровом променад, являющийся территориальным резервом для временной реконструкции фортификационных сооружений.

PL

Treścią artykułu jest prześledzenie procesu projektowania odbudowy fortyfikacji Wrocławia w latach 1807–1830. Punktem wyjścia dla autorów jest dokładny opis stanu zachowania starych fortyfikacji po zakończeniu procesu ich rozbiórki przez Francuzów w 1807 r. Opis ten bazuje na archiwaliach z zasobu berlińskiego Geheimes Staatsarchiv. Zasadniczą treścią tekstu jest prezentacja pomysłów i koncepcji na odbudowę fortyfikacji. Do dziś przetrwały koncepcje ujęte w kilku dokumentach powstałych w latach 1807–1824 oraz w czterech rysunkowych projektach z lat 1820–1830. W dyskusję nad możliwym kształtem odbudowanych fortyfikacji zaangażowanych było kilkanaście osób, w tym oficerowie: Grawert, Rode, Pullet, Harroy, Boyen, Grolman, Liebenroth i Schubert. Autorzy przedstawili omówienie projektów i dyskusji, po których jedynym śladem jest istniejąca do dziś fosa wokół Starego Miasta i zrealizowana oraz częściowo zachowana na jej zapleczu promenada, będąca wówczas rezerwą terenową dla prowizorycznego odtworzenia fortyfikacji.

17

Grodno podczas Wielkiej Wojny (1914–1918)

45%

Pivavarchyk S., Stasiuk A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego

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2018

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vol. Zeszyt

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issue XXXII

341-350

PL

W artykule analizowane są wydarzenia, które miały miejsce w Grodnie w latach I wojny światowej. Dokonuje się określenia i opisania okresów uczestnictwa Grodzieńskiego Garnizonu w działaniach wojennych w latach 1914–1915, charakteryzuje się tryb niemieckiej okupacji od września 1915 do kwietnia 1919 r. Zwraca się szczególną uwagę na fakt, że grodzieńska twierdza, pomimo niekompletności budowy fortyfikacji, była dla Rosyjskiej Armii ważną bazą operacyjną, miejscem formacji i szkolenia oddziałów biorących następnie udział w walkach na froncie. Twierdza była także punktem logistycznym wojsk, ale w szczególności miała duże znaczenie moralne dla wojska i lokalnej ludności. Pod koniec 1918 r. i na początku 1919 r., w wyniku działalności polityczno-wojskowej przedstawicieli ruchów narodowych, Grodno zostało przekazane przez dowództwo niemieckie odrodzonemu Państwu Polskiemu.

EN

The article examines the events that took place in Grodno during the World War I. It establishes and describes the periods of the Grodno garrison's participation in the military operations of 1914–1915. It elaborates on the regime of German occupation from September 1915 until April 1919. It is emphasized that the Grodno Fortress, despite the incompleteness of its fortification construction, was an important operational base for the Russian army. It served as the place of formation and training for military units that later fought in the warfare at the front. While it was used as the point of material and technical support for troops, it served as a strong moral beacon for the army and the local population. In the late 1918 and early 1919, as a result of political and military activity of national movements’ representatives, Grodno was transferred to the revived Polish State by the German command.

Refine search results

KORESPONDENCJA ŻOŁNIERSKA W TWIERDZY PRZEMYŚL

Stan gotowości zamków pomorskich i wielkopolskich w świetle lustracji Królewszczyzn z poł. XVI w.

The Berlin plans of Kamianets-Podilskyi

The plan of Kamianets-Podilskyi from 1773

Z walk lotniczych K. u K. Luftschifferabteilung nad Galicją jesienią 1914 r. w trakcie pierwszego i w początku drugiego oblężenia twierdzy Przemyśl w świetle archiwaliów wiedeńskiego Staatsarchiv-Kriegsarchiv i literatury pamiętnikarskiej

Tell el-Retaba, season 2012/ Appendix: Tell el-Retaba 2012. Preliminary report on archaeobotanical investigations

Zarządzanie syndromem oblężenia w demokracji liberalnej

Walki o utrzymanie twierdzy w Zbarażu w lipcu i sierpniu 1649 r., część I. Oblężenie i obrona. Faza I (10-31 VII)

Metsamor (Armenia): preliminary report on the excavations in 2013, 2014 and 2015. Appendix: Anthropological examination of burials from Metsamor in seasons 2013–2015

Tell el-Retaba 2014–2015

Twierdza Kłodzko jako obiekt turystyki historyczno-militarnej

Tell el-Retaba (West): season 2019

Tell el-Retaba: season 2017

Kauno tvirtovės gynybinių statinių urbanistinis potencialas

Nowa funkcja w starych murach – rewitalizacja terenów fortecznych jako szansa na rozwój i promocję na wybranych przykładach

Plany odtworzenia fortyfikacji Wrocławia z lat 1807–1830

Grodno podczas Wielkiej Wojny (1914–1918)