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Wybrane zagadnienia związane z projektem rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie ustanowienia Prokuratury Europejskiej

100%
Toruński M., Michalak K.
Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 29
EN
The Lisbon Treaty has brought major changes in the functioning of the European Union, including in the area referred to in Art. 4 section 2 point j of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which is an area of freedom, security and justice. It should first be noted that characteristic for European Union “pillar structure” has been liquidated. Former pillar III is nowadays covered by a single legal regime. Without a doubt falls conclude that the Lisbon Treaty has made a huge step towards the approximation of the laws of the Member States. Art. 86 TFEU introduces interesting novelty in this plane, providing for the possibility of establishment of an European Public Prosecutor’s Office, which is the EU body for investigating, prosecuting and bringing to justice the perpetrators of crimes against the financial interests of the European Union. Analysis of selected provisions of the Regulation on the establishment of an European Public Prosecutor’s Office leads to conclusion that draft regulation is not deprived of interpretational doubts. For instance there is a forum shopping threat. Fair trial standard and legislative technique have also been violated.
PL
Traktat z Lizbony przyniósł zasadnicze zmiany w funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej, w tym w dziedzinie, o której mowa w art. 4 ust. 2 lit. j Traktatu o Funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej, czyli przestrzeni wolności, bezpieczeństwa i sprawiedliwości. Należy przede wszystkim zauważyć, że zlikwidowano charakterystyczną dla TFUE strukturę filarową, a dawny filar III został objęty jednolitym reżimem prawnym. Bez wątpienia wypada stwierdzić, że Traktat z Lizbony uczynił ogromny krok w kierunku zbliżania ustawodawstw państw członkowskich. Art. 86 TFUE wprowadza interesujące novum na tej płaszczyźnie, przewidując możliwość powołania do życia Prokuratury Europejskiej, czyli unijnego organu do spraw dochodzenia, ścigania i stawiania przed sądem sprawców przestępstw przeciwko interesom finansowym Unii Europejskiej. Analiza wybranych uregulowań projektu rozporządzenia w sprawie ustanowienia Prokuratury Europejskiej pozwala na przyjęcie wniosku, że nie jest to uregulowanie pozbawione wątpliwości interpretacyjnych. Zwracają uwagę choćby takie zagadnienia, jak zjawisko forum shopping, zagrożenie dla gwarancji prawa do sądu czy wreszcie stosowana przez projektodawcę technika legislacyjna.
2

Niektóre aspekty materialnoprawne i procesowe instytucji punitive damages z perspektywy polskiej

94%
Markowska, J., Kowalczyk W.
Studia Iuridica
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2016
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vol. 61
211-232
EN
Punitive damages play an important role in the tort law of common law countries. Recently, the nature of punitive damages has come under question in front of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland which had to decide in Cimoszewicz-Harlan v. Wprost whether a U.S. judgment granting the defendant punitive damages can be recognised under the Polish law. In light of this recent decision this article will try to present some issues of substantive and procedural law involved in the concept of punitive damages and how they can be of any importance from the Polish perspective. The first part will focus on the nature of punitive damages, their function, the criticism it has harnessed and the tendencies that appear in civil law countries to introduce damages of a punitive nature. The second part will present issues of procedural law and will focus on the question whether American judgments awarding punitive damages should or should not be recognised in Poland, and if yes, then to what extent.
3
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Insolvency Forum Shopping – What Can Be Learned from the ECJ and US Supreme Court Case Law on International Company Law and Insolvency Procedures?

71%
Myszke­Nowakowska M.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
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2017
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vol. 37
203-222
EN
The recast of the European Insolvency Regulation, which has been applicable from 26 June 2017, implements a philosophy of Euro universalism, according to which insolvency proceedings opened in a Member State where the debtor has its centre of main interests (COMI) should have a universal scope and encompass all the debtor’s assets situated throughout the EU. The wording of the Recast Regulation is intended to comply with the ECJ case law concerning COMI, such as Interedil, Eurofood, Bank Handlowy or Mediasucre judgments. Nevertheless, it is now questioned whether the Recast Regulation strengthens or rather weakens the COMI/registered office rebuttable presumption and opens the gate for insolvency forum shopping. As far as international company law is concerned, the issue of transfer of seat as well as forum shopping has been widely discussed. So far the ECJ has issued a series of judgments in which it has explained the European freedom of establishment and the cross­border activities of companies in the internal market. Similarly, the US Supreme Court has issued several significant decisions, such as CTP Corp. v. Dynamics Corp. of America, Edgar v. MITE Corp., and International Shoe Co. v. State of Washington, in which the limits of acceptable forum shopping are better delineated. Based on the aforementioned, it may be concluded that European harmonization measures facilitating cross­border mobility should additionally assist in achieving predictability and efficiency, as well as the economic viability and security of the operations under consideration. This contribution analyses and expounds on the lessons that can be learned from both the ECJ case law as well as US Supreme Court’s decisions on international company law, including an examination of their effect on insolvency forum shopping. There is no doubt that, if successful, harmonized legislation on these matters would be a great asset for the internal market.
4
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RESPONSIBLE COURT IN THE GLOBAL WORLD – MANAGERISM OR MANAGERIALISM

71%
Morawska S., Banasik P.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 4
29-47
EN
One can look at the improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of the justice system from three perspectives: macro, mezo, and micro. After all, the general goal is to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the justice system as a whole (the macro perspective), the courts (the mezo scale), and court proceedings (the micro scale). The need to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the justice system was noticed in the Strategy of modernization of justice in Poland in the years 2014–2020 prepared by the Ministry of Justice incorporates the three abovementioned perspectives. From the perspective of this paper, emphasis has been placed on courts. The Strategy, as a matter of fact, assumes that the improvement of the effectiveness and efficiency of courts may occur by introducing a model of management based on the idea of “managerialism” to run them. Effective and efficient courts, just like the proceedings they operate, are particularly important in the face of globalization, regulatory arbitration, as well as forum shopping. Based on a case study, this paper outlines the results of an innovative pilot project of implementing management methods of running common courts, and sets out to answer the question of the extent to which the state of institutional development of courts allows one to employ good practices in courts already successful in the world of business. During the pilot study, in 60 selected regional, district, and appellate courts, with the support of external experts, „good practices” were implemented to serve as management enhancements (Final report…, 2014). The results of the pilot study prove that the level of institutional development of courts determines the possibility of introducing good management practices that have already been approved in the world of business. This situation is further complicated by the diverse level of institutional development among courts. The type of a given court (its size, regional, district, appellate) may impact the possible upgrade of the maturity of the way a given practice functions. Also, not all business practices are eligible for implementation, given the different level of managers’ competence, as well as the frequently clear process of taking on the management staff.
5
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Private Antitrust Enforcement: A New Era for Collective Redress?

71%
Oliveira Pais S.
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
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2015
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vol. 8(12)
11-32
EN
It will be argued in this article that the EU Recommendation on common principles for collective redress might have limited impact on the field of competition law due to: several uncertainties regarding the legal standing in class actions; difficulties in their funding; and the risk of forum shopping with cross-border actions. Neverthe-less, Belgium and Great Britain have recently introduced class actions into their national legal systems and addressed some of the difficulties which other Member States were experiencing already. It will also be suggested that the Portuguese model – the ‘Popular Action’ – and recent Portuguese practice may be considered an interesting example to follow in order to overcome some of the identified obsta-cles to private antitrust enforcement.
6
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Upadłość konsumencka w prawie polskim i niemieckim a praktyka forum shopping

71%
Tim A.
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
|
2018
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vol. 7
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issue 6
53-66
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zarys polskich i niemieckich uregulowań upadłości konsumenckiej, zagadnienie transgranicznego postępowania upadłościowego w ramach Unii Europejskiej (w tym pojęcie COMI i jego elementy definicyjne w przypadku transgranicznej upadłości konsumenckiej), biorąc pod uwagę również stosunki polsko-niemieckie oraz prawodawstwo obu jurysdykcji. Ponadto, dokonywana jest analiza praktyki forum shopping oraz metod przeciwdziałania temu zjawisku na gruncie prawodawstwa unijnego. W artykule Autor przedstawia tezę, że – w zależności od stanu faktycznego – nie tylko pewne instytucje polskiej upadłości konsumenckiej wykazują atrakcyjność dla osób fizycznych posiadających COMI w Republice Federalnej Niemiec, lecz także regulacje niemieckie mogą być korzystne dla określonego kręgu osób fizycznych posiadających COMI w Polsce, co prowadzi do wniosku, iż zjawisko forum shopping może dotyczyć również relacji polsko-niemieckich, w szczególności wobec bliskości geograficznej obu jurysdykcji, dotychczasowej praktyki niemieckich konsumentów oraz zapowiadanej dalszej liberalizacji procedur polskiej upadłości konsumenckiej oraz braku dostatecznej precyzji przepisów ujednolicających reguły transgranicznej upadłości w Unii Europejskiej.
7
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Time for Uniformity in Inheritance Laws? Survey and Debate

43%
Garb L.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2016
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issue 1(18)
5-26
EN
In today’s world, succession laws have to contend with the rapid social and cultural transformation that has caused several changes within the family structure during the past few decades. Have these changes found sufficient expression in the manner in which the legal systems presently deal with questions of inheritance, and in particular the age-old dispute regarding freedom of testation versus reserved portions? This article reviews the present situation as well as some of the social and other changes that so challenge contemporary inheritance laws, the main legal traditions in this respect, and the extent of local variation within these.
PL
W dzisiejszym świecie, prawa spadkowe muszą się zmagać z gwałtownymi zmianami kulturowymi i społecznymi w strukturze rodzinnej przez ostatnie dekady. Czy owe zmiany są wystarczająco odzwierciedlane w ustawodawstwie spadkowym, szczególnie w wiecznym sporze o wolność dziedziczenia i zachowku? Tematem niniejszej pracy jest przegląd obecnej sytuacji i niektórych zmian społecznych i innych które stanowią wyzwanie współczesnemu ustawodawstwie spadkowemu, najważniejszych tradycji prawnych w tej dziedzinie i różnic lokalnych.
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