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1

L’« infidélité onirique » dans L’Emploi du temps ou comment Michel Butor polémique avec les idées de Gaston Bachelard

100%
Kotowska J.
Romanica Wratislaviensia
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2019
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vol. 66
179-191
EN
20th century philosopher Gaston Bachelard considers the combination of two elements of nature as a metaphorical “marriage,” with all its symbolic and religious meaning, including fidelity and prohibition of adultery. Water and fire, united in a moment of alchemical inspiration, form an archetypal couple of great creators, which participate in cosmogonic myths. Bachelard imagines any elemental union in the aquatic categories, which results from his theory where water is the main component of each association due to its properties of universal solvent, and the other three elements — fire, air and earth — represent only secondary components. However, some contemporary writers like Michel Butor offer a completely opposite conception, according to which the elements of nature do not respect the binary rule of the “marriage” and form triple or even quadruple unions. These monstrous mixtures described in his novel L’Emploi du temps give, indeed, a destructive effect and tend to doom the world. What would become of the notion of “oneiric fidelity,” postulated by Bachelard, in the sacrilegious universe of Butor’s novel, filled with accursed amalgamates of multiple elements?
2

L’appel du néant substantiel : Claude Simon et la mort tellurique

100%
Kotowska J.
Romanica Wratislaviensia
|
2017
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vol. 64
133-143
EN
The article proposes the analysis of different types of agony suffered by living beings as a re­sult of contact with the element of Earth. The study is based on a corpus composed of seven novels by Claude Simon written after 1957, in a period of his fascination with formal experiments, and pu­blished by the Éditions de Minuit. The paper focuses on the representation of human body exposed to an evil influence of the Earth as element. Earth is considered as an anti-maternal force and a major destructive agent in Simon’s universe. The reflections on the telluric character of death are inspired, among others, by Gaston Bachelard’s thematic criticism and his conception of the four elements.
3
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Test čtyř živlů a jeho vztahy k vybraným testům osobnosti

67%
Abramčuk F.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
|
2011
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vol. 5
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issue 4
1-10
EN
The study deals with the relationships between the personality test Four Elements (FE), based on the four elements as a metaphor of personality, and some other personality tests, to whose concepts and dimensions are or could be the elements theoretically related to (MBTI, EPQ-R, NEO-FFI). The battery of tests was used with 56 respondents. Significant relationships were identified between the element of fire to the dimension of extraversion, air to extraversion and sentient type, water to introversion, feeling and neuroticism, earth to judging type, sensing and conscientiousness. Differences between the sexes showed in some relationships stronger polarization towards a higher correlation of four elements with some dimensions of personality. The results partially support some of the theoretical conclusions on the meanings of the elements and their relations to some dimensions of personality and thus they contribute to the construct validity of the FE test.
CS
Studie se zabývá vztahy mezi testem osobnosti Four Elements (FE) zaloţeným na čtyřech ţivlech jako metafoře osobnosti a některými dalšími testy osobnosti, k jejichţ koncepcím a dimenzím bývají či mohou být ţivly teoreticky vztahovány (MBTI, EPQ-R, NEO-FFI). Baterie testů byla pouţita na souboru 56 respondentů. Byly zjištěny signifikantní vztahy ţivlu ohně k dimenzi extraverze, vzduchu k extraverzi a k vnímajícímu typu, vody k introverzi, cítění a neuroticismu, země k posuzujícímu typu, smyslovému vnímání a svědomitosti. Rozdíly mezi pohlavími ukázaly v některých vztazích na výraznější polarizaci směrem k vyšší korelaci ţivlů s některými dimenzemi osobnosti. Výsledky částečně podporují některé teoretické závěry o významech ţivlů a jejich vazbách k některým dimenzím osobnosti a přispívají tak ke konstruktové validitě testu FE.
4
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I quattro elementi nell’iconografia medievale del Giudizio Universale? Una nuova proposta iconografica per la lettura del m­osaico della parete ovest a Torcello (Venezia, Italia) – parte I

67%
Krauze-Kołodziej A.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 4
237-257
EN
The article aims to present the issues concentrated on early medieval iconography of the four elements being an integral part of the scene of the Last Judgment. The selected problem was shown basing on the representation from the western wall of the Basilica of the Assumption of the Mary on the island of Torcello (Italy). The author poses a question about the possible occurrence and symbolic significance of the four elements in the abovementioned mosaic, comparing it with other representations of the Last Judgment from the same and the earlier period. Basing on a thorough iconographic analysis of the representation present in her earlier publications and the doctoral dissertation, the author presents a new interpretation hypothesis outlined by the presence of the iconography of the four elements as a symbol of the original act of creation in the Last Judgment.
PL
Cztery żywioły w średniowiecznej ikonografii sądu ostatecznego? Propozycja nowej interpretacji ikonograficznej dekoracji mozaikowej ze ściany zachodniej bazyliki na Torcello – część i Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie problematyki skupionej wokół niektórych elementów wczesnośredniowiecznej ikonografii czterech żywiołów stanowiących integralną część sceny Sądu Ostatecznego. Wybrany problem został pokazany na bazie przedstawienia ze ściany zachodniej Bazyliki Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny na wyspie Torcello (Włochy). Autorka stawia pytanie o możliwe występowanie i symboliczne znaczenie czterech żywiołów w wyżej wymienionej mozaice, porównując ją z innymi przedstawieniami Sądu Ostatecznego z tego samego i wcześniejszego okresu. Na podstawie przesłanek wynikających z gruntownej analizy ikonograficznej przedstawienia, dokonanej we wcześniejszych publikacjach oraz rozprawie doktorskiej, autorka proponuje nową hipotezę interpretacyjną zarysowaną przez obecność ikonografii czterech żywiołów jako symbolu pierwotnego aktu stworzenia w przedstawieniu Sądu Ostatecznego.
5
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La vision dysphorique de Michel Butor: la ville-personnage de L’Emploi du temps en tant que locus terribilis

59%
Kotowska J.
Orbis Linguarum
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2018
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issue 52
339-351
EN
The Dysphoric Vision of Michel Butor: the City of L’Emploi du temps as Locus Terribilis From biblical sinful cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to modern ones like the nightmarish Prague of Kafka, the melancholic Bruges of Rodenbach or the cursed Bleston of Butor, the evil urban areas have fascinated novelists of all ages. In L’Emploi du temps, Michel Butor presents a haunting and disturbing vision of an imaginary English town, personified and considered the second main character in Butor’s novel. In order to torture its inhabitants, Bleston controls the four elements of nature and reduces them to their negative aspect of dreadful, devastating forces, which challenges the positive imagery of the air, water, earth and fire created by 20th-century philosopher Gaston Bachelard. A hostile and malicious city inspired by Manchester, Bleston seems to sum up all the fears and misfortunes of the real world metropolises in their hostile and unlivable aspect.
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