Search results - CEJSH

1

Pojem svobody u Thomase Hobbese

100%

Vacura M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2017

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vol. 65

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issue 3

385-401

EN

The aim of this text is to show that, for Hobbes, the problem of freedom in the political sphere is of fundamental importance, and that it presents one of the central motifs of his political philosophy. The point of departure is Hobbes’s definition of the concept of freedom as the non-existence of external obstacles. Following this, the author turns to the concept of metaphysical freedom which Hobbes, as a determinist, rejects, and to the problem of the relation of fear and freedom, and thus, above all, to the question of to what extent fear of repression means a restriction of freedom. The following sections of the article bring into play the second significant concept of freedom to be found in Hobbes, freedom as exemption from laws, and the third concept of freedom, the freedom of the subject. In conclusion, attention is also given to the less important and derivative forms of freedom, that is, to freedom of expression and freedom of the state. At the same time, an enquiry is made into the question of whether, given the different definitions, Hobbes’s linking of these various conceptions of freedom is consistent and to what extent Hobbes succeeds in achieving the philosophical goals which he set himself.

2

Paradoksy „wolnej” teokracji – W. Sołowjow

100%

Krasicki J.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2007

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vol. 2

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issue 1

37-53

EN

The study addresses the dilemmas inherent in the concept of ,,free theocracy'' as put forward by Vladimir Solovyov. Solovyov's theocratic ideas with ,,God-man'' are confronted with Fyodor Dostoevsky's conceptions. The author of the study argues that although Solovyov's ideal was an ambitious attempt to preserve crucial premises of the Christian world, it achieved the aim at the price of grave illusions concerning human freedom and ways of fulfilling the ideal, and therefore it was charged with a totalitarian potential. The author concludes that Solovyov's vision of worldwide theocracy cannot be called a successful project; despite that, his ideas may be approached as a challenge in the context of both the contemporary Russia's search for identity and serious dilemmas for the unifying Europe.

3

Wolność w liberalizmie a prawda o wolności

100%

Ślipko T.

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2008

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vol. 11

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issue 1

EN

The freedom, in Latin libertas, is the object of philosophical reflection since Plato. Yet as the determined philosophical direction it took the form of the „liberalism” on the turning point of the sixteenth and seventeenth century, represented by two philosophers: Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778). Among contemporary scholars Isaiah Berlin is standing out. From his point of view the philosophical problem of the freedom should be examined in two aspects: the negative freedom i.e. the attribute of not hindered freedom in making choices and the positive freedom as opportunity of being the master of one’s own fate. The author of the article, after critical demonstrating the conception of liberalism, sketches the theory of freedom from the position of Christian ethics. As a starting point he takes the conception of man as a person whose rational activities take on the form of twofold freedom of choice. In the psychological aspect, this freedom assumes the ambivalent form of doing good or evil, however in the moral aspect it turns out to be freedom put in order by the hierarchy of objective moral values. In this meaning the freedom also organizes the whole free man's activity and becomes creative strength of his moral personal perfection. It also defines the crucial sense of Christian philosophical science of truth about freedom.

4

Antropologia wolności w filozofii Sartre’a i Lévinasa

87%

Błaszczyk M.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2016

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issue 13

77-87

EN

This paper sets out to outline the singular nature of the dimension of anthropology of freedom in the philosophies of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Lévinas, the leading existentialists of the 20th century. It seems that the phenomenon of human freedom, one of the fundamental issues in philosophical anthropology, in particular in the humanist reflection, proves to be problematic when one seeks to elucidate it without ambiguity. This becomes even more difficult given that it prompts further momentous intellectual quandaries, mostly those concerned with the nature of the meaning of existence itself. The concepts advanced by Sartre and Lévinas – although they represent different visions of the human – undoubtedly provide much philosophical inspirationfor all kinds of reflection on the vital issue of freedom.

PL

This paper sets out to outline the singular nature of the dimension of anthropology of freedom in the philosophies of Jean-Paul Sartre and Emmanuel Lévinas, the leading existentialists of the 20th century. It seems that the phenomenon of human freedom, one of the fundamental issues in philosophical anthropology, in particular in the humanist reflection, proves to be problematic when one seeks to elucidate it without ambiguity. This becomes even more difficult given that it prompts further momentous intellectual quandaries, mostly those concerned with the nature of the meaning of existence itself. The concepts advanced by Sartre and Lévinas – although they represent different visions of the human – undoubtedly provide much philosophical inspiration for all kinds of reflection on the vital issue of freedom.

5

Freedom – a Special Sign of Youth Modern Education

85%

Stala J.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 2

PL

The author of the article struggles with a paradox: the post-modern age which views itself as pluralistic nonetheless appears to yearn for upbringing. At the beginning of XXI century, the dissonance between human development, full participation in a wide range of spiritual culture and a tendency to strictly technical education, oriented mainly on efficiency and profits appears in a full range. In this context it is important to educate young people in the responsible use of the gift of freedom. The author of this article presents freedom as a characteristic sign of youth education in the present century. He also shows the pluralism of values and upbringing aimed towards freedom. The author also underlines the Christian approach to freedom, understood as both a gift and a task received from God. Pedagogy of freedom is not a question of transmitting human knowledge, even of the highest kind; it is rather a question of responsibly communicating with God and people. God Himself used a pedagogy that must continue to be a model for the pedagogy of freedom.

6

Poczucie bezpieczeństwa jako wartość społeczna, etyczna i egzystencjalna. Rozważania podstawowe

80%

Szmyd J.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2014

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issue 2

9-19

EN

Human safety perceived as a value is rarely discussed from an axiological and ethical perspective, remaining a rather peripheral subject of ethical and academic reflexion. Presently, in a reality of constant anxiety, it is worth rethinking the fact that safety as a value should find an appropriate place in serious anthropological, philosophical, axiological, and ethical reflexion as well as in the contemporary deliberations on culture and civilisation. One significant issue deserves special emphasis in the context, i.e. that any actions taken with a view to safeguarding individuals or entire communities cannot endanger other fundamental and indispensable human needs and values.

7

Odpowiedzialność niesienia pomocy a pomoc odpowiedzialna

80%

Mizdrak I.

Prakseologia

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2012

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issue 153

67-85

EN

The subject of the present study is help; the foremost ontological condition of its realization (besides intellectual disposition, ethical qualiﬁcations, love and others) is responsibility, which constitutes a person’s humanity and thereby makes a unique contribution to the formation of his/her inner structure. Through responsible help we can perform genuine acts of mercy towards our neighbour and carry a small part of his/ her personal fate. The aim of the study is to reﬁne the concept of responsible help and to indicate its several modes in the formation of a person’s humanity. The essence of responsible help is investigated; it presupposes rationality of action, prudence in doing good, and freedom as the fundamental condition of conscious response to values. The reﬁnement of the concept of responsible help is based on the analyses of the virtues of muniﬁcence and magnanimity (Aristotle and St Thomas Aquinas) and generosity (J.Tischner). Despite their complex nature, these virtues are deﬁnable through an analysis of instances of appropriate help to others.

8

Dialogue and Involvement: A Blueprint for Human, Humane and Harmonious Relation Between African Americans and Africans

80%

Ogugua P. I.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2017

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vol. 29/2

EN

A scepter of revolution once on the sky has now engulfed human race. It is a revolution against love, truth, peace, happiness, in short everything that is good and beautiful. There is disunity everywhere. We all sit on the keg of gunpowder. The leaders of men think, though wrongly that diplomacy will do. If the pace and form of human relation is not properly handled, the human race will end in quagmire. We have to base human relations on natures' principles in order to ensure balance; remember nature abhors a vacuum. Africa is the cradle of humankind, civilization as such it is the onus of African sons and daughters everywhere to ensure that mankind survives. We lost grip of the sciences which led to the Seven Wonders of the World; but we can still reacquire these. Most importantly, values build men and civilization., it is the position of this paper to argue that the use of dialogue in relating with the other will do well to ensure a stable company and relationship, as it rhymes with the position of personalist philosophers, and some existentialists like Martin Buber, Gabriel Marcel, Heidegger, etc for dialogue will eventually lead to cooperation to 'active' involvement. The principles of dialogue, cooperation and involvement or activity will help in ensuring that knowledge and information are acquired, harnessed and used in a highly efficient way to free Africans from the clog of powerlessness in the comity of nations.

9

Die deutsche FREIHEIT aus der kognitiven und diskurslinguistischen Perspektive

80%

Staniewski P.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2019

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issue 16

385-390

EN

In the review article the book of Elżbieta Pawlikowska-Asendrych Das Konzept der deutschen FREIHEIT im kognitiven Untersuchungsparadigma. Eine linguistische Diskursanalyse has been discussed. First, the interdisciplinary character of the reviewed publication has been pointed out. Further, the article considers the theoretical and empirical parts of the work.

10

Społeczeństwo informacyjne a konstruktywizm poznawczy w kształtowaniu obrazu rzeczywistości i podejmowaniu decyzji

80%

Falkowski A., Cwalina W.

Prakseologia

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2006

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issue 146

89-111

EN

Contemporary development of information technology is this stage of civilization called information society in which human learns to transform information into the knowledge. An advantage of this stage is that it allows to effectively adapt to rapidly changing economical and political situations. However, its uncontrolled effect is the phenomena of creating the „virtual reality”. In such reality the information is constructs the illusions and artificial worlds in the human mind. The research on perceptual and memory processes uncovers the mechanisms of such construction which are often used to control the consumer and voter choice in economic and political market. The paper presents some examples of such control in both, the investment behavior on stock market, and the voter behavior under the influence of the negative political campaigns. The analyses of this controlled behavior in the light of cognitive mechanism of information processing allow to look differently on the classic notions of truth and freedom in decision making.

11

Materializm historyczny jako teoria realizacji wolności

80%

Wiśniewski T. R.

Nowa Krytyka

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2012

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issue 29

105-126

EN

The main aim of the text is to prove, how the Marxian effort to define the idea of a historical progress within the frames of Marx’ concept of materialism leads to the necessity of putting on the agenda the question of universal liberation of the human subject. The general standpoint is, that Marx’ historiosophical apparatus, generally defined as “historical materialism” leads with immanent necessity from one side – to the equation of the question about the essence of history with the question about its subject, from the other – as Marx leaves Hegelian “Kingdom of Spirit” and engages himself in the issues of material reproduction of human life, to the situation, when the problem of a real content of human emancipation situates itself in the centre of the scope. Presenting historical materialism as a theory of a real social revolution, the text stresses also the problems connected with the idea of “realization” of philosophy and its historical determinants, which make it the same time a theoretical achievement and a problematic program of real social movement; the history and the present day of this movement has for sure its foundations deeply rooted in the space of the debate, which was the first effort of summing up the experience of the Enlightment.

12

Nauka Kościoła o roli mediów w społeczeństwie

80%

Maciaszek P.

Zeszyty Prasoznawcze

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2012

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vol. 55

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issue 3

24-34

EN

The Church as a community has the duty to participate in the activity of the media. This duty is enshrined in the legal codex of the community: “The shepherds of the Church are to teach the faithful that they have a duty to cooperate in the work of the media so that these become imbued with the human and Christian spirit”. Those belonging to the Church community should try to ensure that the media are a tool in the promotion of sanctity. This is only possible when the aim of the media message is to present the truth. In the context of the fight for media to present the truth one must fight to portray the freedom of an individual; Jesus taught clearly that: “Then you will know the truth and the truth will set you free” (St John 8: 32). So if the truth is to set us free, one needs to be free to accept it. The correct understanding of freedom is then the beginning of the educational attitude towards media and their duties. From the point of view of Christianity, freedom is a well-thought and discriminating choice of everything that is good, beautiful and truthful. The Catholic Church in its considered opinion of the mass media saw it, primarily, as a tool of evangelization. The new media and computerization give potentially an unlimited opportunity of proclaiming the message of salvation. The Church must remember that contemporary society most frequently bases its idea of the world and the purpose of life on the teachings of the media. That is why it is important that the message of salvation becomes part of that media experience. The priestly ministry in the world of computers should show this era, the era of faithless humanity, that God is close to every person, and that in Christ everyone belongs to each other.

13

Poverty and freedom

80%

Graf G., Schweiger G.

Human Affairs

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2014

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vol. 24

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issue 2

258-268

EN

The capability approach, which is closely connected to the works of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, is one possible theoretical framework that could be used to answer the question as to why poverty is a problem from a moral point of view. In this paper we will focus on the normative philosophical capability approach rather than the social scientific and descriptive perspective. We will show that the approach characterizes poverty mainly as a limitation of freedom and that it is precisely this aspect, from its point of view, that makes poverty morally significant. This insight shifts the discussion away from questions regarding specific capabilities or lists of them-questions treated extensively in the literature-to the more general level of what constitutes the normative core of the capability approach. But as we will also discuss and argue, the role of freedom alone does not give us a complete picture of poverty but only presents us with one aspect relevant to evaluating it. A further aspect which we consider has not been adequately recognized and taken into account by most capability theorists is the experience of disrespect and humiliation, or to put it differently, a lack of recognition.

14

Błąd teoretyzmu w aksjologii

80%

Niemczuk A.

Kultura i Wartości

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2012

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issue 3

7-33

EN

This article presents a new interpretation of and a new of justification for the theory of the naturalistic fallacy in axiology. According to this interpretation the lack of inference between descriptive language and valuing language is caused by the fact that valuing language is practical, whilst descriptive language is theoretical. Between theory and practice there is freedom which constitutes a lacuna in inference logic. The so-called naturalistic fallacy is presented in this article as the fallacy of theoreticism. This new interpretation is preceded by a critical analysis of the theories of D. Hume, I. Kant and G. E. Moore, concerning the question of the naturalistic fallacy.The final part of the article contains a critique of J. Searle’s reasoning which he advanced against the theory of naturalistic fallacy.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia nową interpretację i nowe uzasadnienie teorii błędu naturalistycznego w aksjologii. Wedle tej interpretacji brak wynikania między językiem deskryptywnym a wartościującym jest spowodowany tym, że język wartościujący jest praktyczny, podczas gdy deskryptywny jest teoretyczny. Pomiędzy teorią a praktyką jest zaś usytuowana wolność, która stanowi lukę w wynikaniu logicznym. Tzw. błąd naturalistyczny jest więc w artykule przedstawiony jako błąd teoretyzmu. Ta nowa interpretacja jest poprzedzona krytyczną analizą koncepcji D. Hume’a, I. Kanta i G. E. Moore’a, dotyczących kwestii błędu naturalistycznego. Końcowa część artykułu zawiera krytykę argumentacji, jaką J. Searle wysunął przeciwko teorii błędu naturalistycznego.

15

Indeterministic Temporal Logic

80%

Trzęsicki K.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2015

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vol. 42

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issue 1

139-162

EN

The questions od determinism, causality, and freedom have been the main philosophical problems debated since the beginning of temporal logic. The issue of the logical value of sentences about the future was stated by Aristotle in the famous tomorrow sea-battle passage. The question has inspired Łukasiewicz’s idea of many-valued logics and was a motive of A. N. Prior’s considerations about the logic of tenses. In the scheme of temporal logic there are different solutions to the problem. In the paper we consider indeterministic temporal logic based on the idea of temporal worlds and the relation of accessibility between them.

16

K charakterizaci anarchismu 19. století prostřednictvím jeho vybraných osobností

80%

Tomek V.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2018

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vol. 104

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issue 3

487-515

EN

In the second half of the 19th century, anarchism presents itself in certain characteristic signs and manifestations. Although the representatives of anarchism themselves willingly emphasize the originality of their ideas and their resistance to doctrine, their ideas come closer in the radical critique of economic and social relations, in the criticism of the Church and religion, as well as the sharp criticism of the other political parties, but at the same time they differ in their individual accents of their negation of the existing circumstances. The anarchistic level of their critique leads them from individual negation all the way to demands for a radical transformation of society, to different ideas about the nature of revolutionary behaviour, and the character of revolutionary change. From there, various forms and concepts of the future “post-revolution” society, visions of the anticipated freedom, on the character of the new social relations developed. For the characterization of the anarchism of the given period, the personalities of its French representative Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the Russian revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin, the former German MP Johann Most, the original scientist Peter Kropotkin and the university educated German socialist Gustav Landauer and the entirely differently thinking Young Hegelian Max Stirner were chosen.

17

Social rehabilitation through education

80%

Jęczeń J.

Roczniki Teologiczne

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2016

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vol. 63

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issue 1: Praca socjalna - English Version

5-19

EN

The main issue related to social rehabilitation is its effectiveness. Is it possible to bridge the gulf that exists between a prisoner in custody and people who enjoy freedom? Are they alike? Or are they so very much different that social rehabilitation is impossible? There is a whole array of questions and answers. Most opinions hold that social rehabilitation is not possible. The author of the article suggests that a positive answer to these questions will only be possible when we reach for the concept of man and discover the truth that inmates and people outside corrective institutions are exactly the same. Thus our elementary task is to discover the truth about the excluded as well as to help the excluded discover the same truth. This discovery is attained through learning, i.e. education.

18

Freedom of coalition of employed and not employed workers

80%

Szewczyk H.

Studia Prawnicze

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2010

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issue 2(184)

117-133

EN

One of indisputable freedoms of labor unions is the freedom of coalition. Under Labor Unions Act, full right to coalition consists of: freedom to establish labor unions and freedom to join existing labor unions. In Poland some social and labor groups were deprived of the freedom of coalition (full or even limited), which is not consistent with international and European law. Granting them at least limited right of coalition would correspond to art. 1 of the Labor Union Act that defines labor unions as organizations of people who perform work, not only those who are employed. Thus, the law-maker’s actions should aim at expanding the subjective scope of the freedom of coalition through abolition of numerous restrictions related to that freedom in order to adjust Polish national solutions in that area to international and European law. Still not all entitled persons use the freedom of coalition in full, or even limited scope.

19

Freedom in music on the example of the works of Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis

80%

Humięcka-Jakubowska J.

Interdisciplinary Studies in Musicology

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2019

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issue 19

81-94

EN

In her article titled Niebezpieczne związki, czyli o granicach wolności w sztuce i w życiu [Dangerous liaisons, or on the limits of freedom in art and life] Elżbieta Korolczuk (2013) claimsthat ‘the sense of personal freedom and independence from other people – not only in the senseof intellectual and aesthetic influences, but also familial and emotional ties – is often perceived asnecessary in order to create new, original works, to be a truly creative individual’. It is not difficult to find new and original works in the oeuvre of Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis and,paraphrasing the words of Maria Anna Potocka (2013) – it is thanks to them that ‘the world has moderniseditself and freed itself from outdated values’. In relation to creative work in music, this ‘senseof personal freedom and independence from other people‘ leads, on the one hand, to the ‘freedom ofmusic’ and, on the other, ensures achieving ‘freedom in music’. The aim of this discussion is to pointto those threads in the statements of Stockhausen and Xenakis, and those features of their works,which testify to the specific manifestations of the ‚‘freedom in music’ created by them.

20

Wolność i osobowość jako najistotniejsze wartości ludzkiego życia

80%

Perz J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Gospodarki, seria Edukacja - Rodzina - Społeczeństwo

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2019

|

issue 4

291-308

EN

The issue of freedom in every human generation is a priority, there is no man who would not think about it. The combination of understanding one’s freedom is always associated with the personality of a human being, and the fear of enslavement is a fundamental problem of human existence. Personality of human beings change at different stages of their life, so I decided to find out how freedom develops depending on the age and the situation of a certain limit of freedom by institutional factors. I have also followed how the public can help people with personality issues, where the age of society is of great importance in understanding another human being. The adult part of our society is not ready to help and they are quickly writing off the human being with problems. This is not good for people who have undergone a resocialization process, because “you are derived from the society, you should go back there”. I invite you to read the text, based on my own research of certain social groups.

PL

Kwestia odczuwania wolności w każdym ludzkim pokoleniu jest sprawą priorytetową, nie ma człowieka, który nie zastanawiałby się nad tą kwestią. Połączenie rozumienia swojej wolności zawsze wiąże się z osobowością danej ludzkiej jednostki, a lęk zniewolenia jest zasadniczym problemem ludzkiej egzystencji. Ponieważ cechy osobowościowe człowieka zmieniają się na różnych etapach trwania życia, postanowiłam sprawdzić, jak kształtuje się odczucie wolności w zależności od wieku oraz od sytuacji pewnego ograniczenia swobody przez czynniki instytucjonalne. Prześledziłam także gotowość społeczeństwa do pomocy osobom mających problemy osobowościowe, gdzie wiek społeczeństwa ma ogromne znaczenie w zrozumieniu innego człowieka. Brak gotowości pomocy oraz szybkie spisanie na straty człowieka z problemami jest główną zasadą dorosłej części naszego społeczeństwa. To nie rokuje dobrze w przypadku osób poddanych procesowi resocjalizacji, bowiem „ze społeczeństwa się wywodzisz, tam powinieneś wrócić”. Zapraszam do przeczytania tekstu, opartego na własnych badaniach pewnych grup społecznych.

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