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Presentation of the fundamental law of Hungary

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EN
My aim in this article is to present the Hungarian Fundamental Law (constitution) to foreigners who have heard little or nothing about it. My aim is to provide a detailed and up-to-date insight and to promote a better understanding and knowledge of this nation. I have published a similar article before but the Fundamental Law has undergone several amendments since then. I will present the content and structure of the Fundamental Law and its amendments so far. The Fundamental Law consists of six parts; first, I will present the National Avowal, which is a declaration of the values professed by the state. Then I am going to present the Foundation, which contains the most basic provisions, such as the form of government or the fundamental constitutional principles. This is followed by a declaration of human rights in the Freedom and Responsibility part. The extensive fourth part, entitled “The State”, gives the basics of the functioning of each state body. Finally, the Special Legal Order part covers exceptional situations that differ from operations in normal times.
PL
W dniu 1 stycznia 2012 r. na Węgrzech weszła w życie nowa Ustawa Zasadnicza, która wprowadziła m.in. istotne zmiany w zakresie samorządu lokalnego. Przedstawiona analiza odnosi się do węgierskiego ustroju samorządu terytorialnego i zawiera ocenę skutków zmian w zakresie kompetencji organów samorządu terytorialnego, ich struktury organizacyjnej oraz środków nadzoru. Zasady dotyczące samorządu lokalnego są uregulowane w ustawie organicznej, której zmiana wymaga większości 2/3 głosów w Zgromadzeniu Krajowym. Jest to ustawa organiczna CLXXXIX z 2011 r. o samorządzie terytorialnym Węgier.
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