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Nauki o kulturze jako nauki podstawowe (i krytyczne)

100%
Szahaj A.
Przegląd Kulturoznawczy
|
2013
|
issue 1(15)
30–34
EN
The text defi nes such notions as culture, cultural studies, fundamental sciences, and culturalism. It argues that cultural studies are fundamental sciences in three important senses: 1) theoretical (the object of research of science has its inevitable cultural dimension), 2) practical (the ability to manipulate signs, symbols, information and other products of culture is crucial in the age of cognitive capitalism), and also 3) axiological (in the context of contemporary ecological risks we cannot aim at further conquest of Nature, but we should rather try to understand mechanisms shaping various spheres of culture: economics, religion, tradition, art, politics and science).
2

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПОЛІТЕХНІЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В КРАЇНАХ ЗАХІДНОЇ ЄВРОПИ

86%
Год Б.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2015
|
issue 9(53)
82-91
EN
The article analyzes development of the Polytechnic model of higher education in the countries of Western Europe. As a result of research it is found out that a new type of technical college originates from the French “Ecole Polytechnic”, founded in 1794. The French Polytechnic school provided basic training in fundamental sciences, after which students could continue their education in a specialized engineering school. The classic features of a new model of education acquired in Germany. General engineering and special knowledge were merged into one education institution. In German polytechnic schools operated one or more common for all special departments preparatory class in which there were studied the subjects that formed the general basis for any higher technical education. After obtaining the necessary physical-mathematical training, the students acquired knowledge in the special field of technology. Most of the polytechnic schools had four main departments: mechanical, chemical, construction, and engineering. Through a combination of theoretical education with professional and practical work and in scientific laboratories, the polytechnic graduates could solve complex engineering problems. In the middle of the XIX century in Germany started work on speeding up the academic process in the polytechnics, they imposed the same educational conditions, which were at that time in the universities: the same examinations, advanced study of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, the extensive use of subjects of a humanitarian cycle. The model of technical school, the branch range of which was close to the university, became a model for new polytechnic institutes and had been adopted by Russia, the USA, Japan, China and other countries. The main feature and the main educational and scientific advantage of the polytechnic model of higher education was under such principles as: technical versatility, in-depth study of fundamental disciplines, high-quality training at all stages of student learning, focus on the needs of the regional economy and the state as a whole.
3

СТРАТЕГІЇ ДЕРЖАВИ В ПІДГОТОВЦІ НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ КАДРІВ НОВОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ

58%
Любов П.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2016
|
issue 8(62)
198-212
EN
It is generally recognized that improvement of the system of training of research and educational personnel is essential for the development of education and science. The system of specialists’ training is established and currently functions successfully in Ukraine, the training is carried out in accordance with the Laws of Ukraine “On Education”, “On Higher Education”, “On Science and Scientific and Technology Activities”, Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, Orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine related to the issue under consideration. This painstaking and significant work involves higher educational establishments, academies, research institutes and industries. Training of research and educational personnel for Ukrainian higher education is aimed at formation of human resources and intellectual potential according to criteria and demands for providing educational services in the sphere of higher education and in-service training; reaching major positions on higher education market; formation of powerful scientific teaching potential. Student research creates the foundations for scientific search and discoveries. Engaging students in active creative search in university research group is one of the main conditions for improving professional training and the first step in choosing scientific trajectory of their future career. Master level education is an integral component of multistage system of education and one of the forms of training scientific, research-educational and managerial staff. Its primary aim is to train professionals with profound theoretical and field-specific knowledge, who master methods and means of research, the ability to perform research, pedagogical and managerial work efficiently and independently. Nevertheless, doctoral and postdoctoral level of education is the main form of training of scientific and research personnel, namely Doctor of Philosophy candidates and Doctor of Science candidates; it has proved its effectiveness in Ukraine over the years. The authority of researcher is determined by the results of his/her work, erudition and qualification: broad and profound knowledge of the field-specific disciplines, as well as interdisciplinary sciences; creative skills in theoretical and experimental work, and the level of qualification of research personnel is determined by scientific degrees and titles. Scientific degrees are conferred and titles are awarded in accordance with the clear protocol set by government; the procedure involves complex and serious process, which is based on foresight of possible changes in the structure of research work, constant improving of content, methods and forms of education and is continual.
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