Estabilished in 2009 Catalyst's bond market has become an important element of the Polish capital market and an alternative to existing forms of financing. Centralized the rotation of the debt instruments, popularized it among companies and allowed to exist in the minds of investors, which contributed to its dynamic development. At the same time, it contributes to its dynamic development. Catalyst's suitable architecture creates opportunities for companies to gain the capital in various stages of development and varying size and characteristics. At the same time, allows the promotion of the issuer and reach to wider range of the funders. Catalyst's market is still in its the initial stage of development, but there are reasons to believe that in the near future it will continue to grow at a rate of ten percent per year, therby atrtracting new issuers and investors.
Fire protection is the community’s own task. The community performs this task in cooperation with volunteer fire brigades. For this purpose, the community provides direct and indirect financing of acting of voluntary fire brigades. The provisions allows for a significant differentiation in the method of financing their activities.
The Lithuanian Radio and Television (the LRT 1 ) has been performing the functions of the public service broadcaster for two decades. Its mission is defined by the law; the former state subordination was replaced by the public administration (the LRT Council). The LRT is facing problems that are characteristic of the participants of the European audiovisual sector of the competitive era as well as specific problems of the post-communist states’ development. There were no traditions of public service in Lithuania, the reorganization of the audiovisual sector coincided with dramatic changes in public, political and economic life of Lithuania. Although formally the LRT meets the requirements set for the European public service broadcasting, from time to time, the question of independence of public service arises. The possibility of political power to interfere in the matters of LRT is revealed in the article through the particular case – through the analysis of the so-called Diarchy Case when due to the influence on the LRT the interests of the former and new political majorities clashed. The case reveals that it is possible to make political impact on the public service by announcing aspirations of full depoliticization. It is possible to pursue political goals of the governing majority through financial levels as well. After the idea of subscription fee has remained unrealized we see how difficult it is to find alternative funding sources for the public service broadcaster.
Mining industry in Poland faces many financial problems. One of them is to determine the proper performance funding structure. The main objective of this article is to create new models of funding performance in mining enterprises and to propose the way of examining influence of separate models on effectiveness of finance management in mining enterprises. As the measure of effectiveness growth regarding finance management the Authors adopted the value growth of mining enterprise. In the following stages of research there were assumptions and procedure presented for building funding models of mining enterprises as well as the basic funding models were suggested and the method of examining models’ influence on the value of a mining enterprise was described. In order to solve the research problem there were several general methods used: financial data analysis, comparison and generalization and also detailed methods such as: observation, documents analysis method, statistic methods
The author claims that the proposed bill requires more work on the part of the legislature. He points out that it is not justified or fair to require a scientific worker employed in more than one research establishment to make a declaration expressly indicating one of them in which he/she will be counted among the employees of that establishment who are engaged in carrying out of scientific research or development. He criticizes the imposition of limitation on the types of admissible allegations to be contained in the application for reconsideration of a given case, applicable on the basis of the proposed Article 14. Moreover, the list of criteria to be taken into account in the allocation of funds should not be exhaustive.
Introduction. The Constitution of 1997 of the Republic of Poland guarantees all citizens the equal right to healthcare benefits financed from public funds. The National Health Fund (NFZ), being the main payer in the system, is responsible for contracts with both public and private healthcare providers. Patients with healthcare insurance are entitled to guaranteed healthcare benefits in accordance with the current medical knowledge within the limits of NFZ funds available. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the availability of the guaranteed healthcare benefits in medical rehabilitation in the Podkarpacie province. Materials and methods. The research includes information and data on amounts of money for healthcare contracts related to medical rehabilitation in the Podkarpacie province from July 1, 2014 to June 30,2017. The information is posted on the website of the Rzeszow Podkarpacie Branch of The National Health Fund. Results. The analysis conducted indicates that in the Podkarpacie province there are significant statistical differences in the distribution of funds for ambulatory physiotherapy and medical rehabilitation care in individual districts. Conclusions. It is necessary to increase investment funds and a change in the distribution, increasing access to rehabilitation to those in need
This paper discusses the status of indicators concerning research funding and expenditures and proposes some pathways for further developments. Firstly, the author discusses in depth the design of the R&D statistics based on the Frascati Manual and its limitations concerning analytical categories, data availability and quality. Further he argues that, to answer to specific policy questions concerning the allocation of funds, the development of a new generation of indicators is needed - so-called positioning indicators -focusing on the analysis of financial fluxes between research funders, intermediaries and performers, and presents some recent results of comparative European work in this direction. Finally, he draws some general methodological lessons on the nature of these indicators and on the procedure for their production, discussing key aspects like reproducibility, quality validation, simplicity, contingency and transparency.
PL
Artykuł zawiera analizę wskaźników dotyczących procesu finansowania badań naukowych i wydatków na te badania oraz propozycję usprawnienia tych wskaźników. Autor rozpoczyna od pogłębionego omówienia konstrukcji danych statystycznych dotyczących prac B+R opartych na Podręczniku Frascati oraz ich ograniczeń związanych z kategoriami analitycznymi, dostępnością danych oraz ich jakością. Następnie dowodzi, iż po to, aby odpowiedzieć na konkretne pytania z zakresu polityki naukowej, dotyczące przydziału funduszy, konieczne jest opracowanie nowej generacji wskaźników, tzw. wskaźników względnej pozycji (positioning indicators), skupiających się na analizie przepływów finansowych między podmiotami finansującymi badania, pośrednikami i ich wykonawcami. Przedstawia też niektóre nowsze wyniki badań porównawczych prowadzonych w Europie w tej dziedzinie. Na końcu formułuje ogólne wnioski metodologiczne dotyczące charakteru owych wskaźników i procedury ich tworzenia, wskazując na ich najważniejsze aspekty, takie jak powtarzalność, możliwość weryfikowania ich jakości, prostotę, warunkowy charakter i przejrzystość.
History, structure, organizational and functional principles of the International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw are presented. Current developments and the influence of the Institute on Polish scientific milieu, particularly in light of current debate on necessity of reorganization of Polish institutions dealing with research and/or higher education, are being discussed.
Znaczenie badań w praktyce lekarza rodzinnego zostało powszechnie uznane przez czołowe organizacje międzynarodowe i uważane jest za podstawowy element poprawy jakości opieki zdrowotnej. Lekarze specjalizujący się w medycynie rodzinnej będący u progu swojej kariery naukowej często napotykają znaczne trudności związane z brakiem szkoleń, zasobów i umiejętności. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie doświadczeń zdobytych w kraju o ograniczonych zasobach oraz przekazanie praktycznych wskazówek młodym naukowcom, aby zwiększyć ich kompetencje badawcze poprzez poszerzenie sieci kontaktów zawodowych, wykorzystanie źródeł finansowania i skuteczne prezentowanie wyników badań opinii publicznej oraz międzynarodowej społeczności naukowej. Młodzi naukowcy z praktyk lekarzy rodzinnych, zwłaszcza pracujący w warunkach niskich zasobów, mogą napotkać wiele różnych przeszkód od początku swojej kariery, a działania na rzecz zwiększenia potencjału badawczego są niezbędne na całym świecie, aby pomóc im złagodzić te bariery. Mimo potencjalnych trudności, wielu młodych naukowców może to osiągnąć. W oparciu o nasze doświadczenie w dziedzinie badań i wiedzę zdobytą w tworzeniu udanej sieci badań w zakresie praktyki rodzinnej w kraju o niskich zasobach staraliśmy się zaproponować praktyczne zalecenia mające na celu zwiększenie konkurencyjności osobistej i potencjału młodych badaczy praktyk rodzinnych. Nie można jednak zapominać, że pasja i entuzjazm będą zawsze kluczowymi czynnikami poprawiającymi opiekę zdrowotną na całym świecie.
Non-governmental organizations play a vital role in the economy of every country. They are not only providers of special type of services that public sector is not capable of providing in full quality and quantity, and private sector is not interested in, but they are also watch dogs of the society and builders of active citizenship. Thus they have become an object of many research studies. The divergence in their goals, sizes, roles, types of services provided, and ways of funding make NGOs an interesting subject. As a goal for our research we therefore chose a comparison of the development and state of the Slovak and Austrian non-profit sector in the view of historical development of both countries. Consequently, we want to evaluate the funding of NGOs in Slovakia and Austria. In the paper we map the development of non-profit sector in Slovakia and Austria and in the context of a common historical development we assess a current state and a potential of economic strength of NGOs in both countries. The output is comparison of funding of NGOs in Slovakia and Austria based on statistical data evaluation. Subsequently, we propose recommendation for suitable diversification of the funding sources.
The article is devoted to the academic mobility projects management on the example of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University in the Erasmus Mundus Projects, namely, EMINENCE and EMINENCE II. It has been pointed out that modern university is a constantly developing system possessing a hidden potential for innovations. Thus, the significance of international projects has been justified as they are the way for using the opportunities. And they have also been considered the means of funding research through collaboration and academic mobility. The description of EMINENCE and EMINENCE II has been given. The author stresses that the EMINENCE idea is that only through multiplication and spreading of gained abroad benefits the mobility of project participants will have wider impact on the capacity of sending partners. The responsibilities of PTUSPU performing the function of Joint-Coordinator within the projects have been enumerated and commented on. It has been mentioned by the author that twenty four representatives of PTUSPU have participated in the academic mobility hosted by European Universities. The statistical information illustrating the above given information has also been presented. The levels presupposed by the system of preparing for managing international projects have been listed, namely cultural, organizational, management and economic level. The characterization of each of these levels has been given. Different project phases such as pre-selection, selection, mobility and post-mobility periods have been described. In terms of description of the selection stage, the panels of EMINENCE Selection Committee along with their responsibilities have been listed. The number of challenges associated with international projects management, faced by Ukrainian professional education has been mentioned and emphasized.
As the turmoil across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) enters its fifth year, the role of Gulf countries in influencing the processes of change in the MENA region has evolved substantially. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, and Qatar have all developed assertive regional policies towards states in political transition and supported fellow monarchical regimes in Bahrain, Oman, Jordan, and Morocco. These policies have been crafted against the backdrop of rising uncertainty about the future role of the United States in the Middle East as the Obama administration „pivots toward Asia“, and deeper shifts in the structure and balance of geo-economic power. New approaches to issues of global governance are altering the parameters of engagement and multilateral cooperation as Gulf actors become further embedded in inter-governmental frameworks.
Online journalism is characterised by specific features that distinguish it from its predecessors. It is not only interactivity, timeliness and new elements that make it unique. The way in which digital media are funded is also interesting. While in print media it is customary to pay directly for a copy of a newspaper, the situation is different in the online space. News content is usually freely accessible and online advertising in the form of banner ads or PR pieces is present. However, funding the medium can be unprofitable in this model, which is why some publishers have chosen to hide their web content behind a paywall. Recipients must thus pay for news directly again – in the form of subscriptions. The aim of the study is to shed light on the issue of online media financing in order to explore different monetisation strategies and their efficiency in the era of COVID-19.
The requirements of the modern world pose new and difficult challenges to a modern man.This man finds himself or herself in the middle of changes in the social, economic and political situation. These circumstances have a huge impact on the whole system of education, therefore, educational institutions responsible for upbringing and supporting children have to face new challenges, tasks and goals. Nowadays, one of the conditions of the social successis to have adequate education and relevant skills These include finance management skills. This trainingis to prepare students foractive and responsible participation in the financial market, sothat in the future people knew how to manage their money, properly configure personal and family budget, and recognize new financial products or properly communicate with financial institutions. This paper provides definitions of such concepts as “financial ability”, “basic funding”in relation to primary education and present show these were incorporated in the curricular of selected countries. This image is enriched by discussion on policies that promoteraising the levelof education in the field of finance.
The principle of subsidiarity not only has formed many of provisions in the act on Public Benefit and Volunteer Work (particularly those related to social consultations and transferring of public tasks), but is also a directive forming the cooperative habits between the public and non-public sectors. This is a matter of great importance taking into account that the subsidiarity in Poland is not effectively implemented as it could be because of limited autonomy of the self-government and frequently occurring interference of the State. Unfortunately it results in limiting of ability to decide on the type and methods of performing tasks. In addition, financial resources usually are not sufficient. It would be desirable to maintain and develop this course because about 61% of the polish society finds the third sector more effective than the public one. More and more often (43%) the contribution of the non-governmental organisations on solution of local problems is perceived, although still near the half of respondents (48%) doubt that they would have an important impact on the solution of important social problems. There are also real concerns about corruption, other law abuses, or giving priority to private interest instead of communal one.
The main purpose of the article is to analyze the existing approaches to the financing of transport infrastructure in the world and in Ukraine. It has been studied the model of financing of transport infrastructure in the OECD, the EU countries. The appropriate recommendations has been given to strengthen the processes of modernization in the transport infrastructure.
W artykule przedstawiono zwięzłe sprawozdanie dotyczące chronologii oraz działalności Międzyrządowej Platformy Polityki Naukowej w sprawie Różnorodności Biologicznej i Usług Ekosystemowych (IPBES). Organizacja ta przywiązuje szczególną wagę do globalnego stanu różnorodności biologicznej, trendów i aktywności politycznej. Artykuł prezentuje uogólniony obraz rozwoju i osiągnięć IPBES w trakcie jego istnienia. Raporty IPBES ze względu na swoje znaczenie są uznawane i aprobowane na całym świecie. Jednak rozpoznawalny sukces IPBES jest niweczony przez sytuację finansową IPBES. W efekcie istnieje stan, która prowadzi ostatecznie do wniosku, że zawsze następuje hamowanie finansowania wspólnego dobra.
Polish legislation names the general health insurance system as the main source of health care funding. Public health care funding in Poland is relatively small compared with other European countries, which restricts population’s access to medical services and exposes the health care system to constant criticism (the Euro Health Consumer Index, 2017). The rising demand for health care and medical services, driven by demographic and technological factors as well as by changing expectations towards the services standard, is another reason why a search for alternative sources of health care funding seems inevitable. It is viewed that one of the solutions that might facilitate the functioning of the Polish health care system is private health insurance that could become a major element of national health care policy and provide the health care system with extra funding. The article presents some aspects of health care funding in Poland that are likely to increase interest in private health insurance and outlines the level of development of this insurance sub-market using the selected statistics (the number of insured persons, gross written premiums). The article has been prepared based on data provided by the Central Statistical Office, the Polish Insurance Association and Eurostat.
PL
Rynek usług medycznych w Polsce w świetle prawa jest finansowany głównie ze środków z powszechnego ubezpieczenia zdrowotnego. Relatywnie niskie w odniesieniu do innych krajów europejskich publiczne nakłady na ochronę zdrowia skutkują utrudnionym dostępem do świadczeń medycznych, co znajduje odzwierciedlenie w utrzymujących się negatywnych ocenach systemu ochrony zdrowia (the Euro Health Consumer Index, 2017). Rosnący popyt na świadczenia zdrowotne spowodowany czynnikami demograficznymi, technologicznymi oraz zmieniającymi się oczekiwaniami związanymi z poziomem opieki zdrowotnej, rodzą konieczność poszukiwania alternatywnych źródeł ich finansowania. Jeden z potencjalnych czynników sprzyjających usprawnieniu funkcjonowania systemu ochrony zdrowia a zarazem istotny element polityki zdrowotnej w Polsce, stanowić mogą prywatne ubezpieczenie zdrowotne, stwarzające możliwość wzbogacenia systemu o nowe fundusze. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są rozważania na temat wybranych aspektów finansowania ochrony zdrowia w Polsce mogących stymulować wzrost zainteresowania ofertą prywatnych ubezpieczeń zdrowotnych oraz przedstawienie obecnego stanu rozwoju tego segmentu rynku ubezpieczeń na podstawie wybranych charakterystyk (liczba ubezpieczonych, składka przypisana brutto). W artykule wykorzystano dane statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego, Polskiej Izby Ubezpieczeń, Eurostatu.
The importance of international funding among potential sources of financing third sector in Poland is rapidly growing. Particularly, EU funds have an important role to play. After the initial period ofomissions, more and more NGOs are applying for this kind of support. For some of them, especially for those whose statutory objectives are consistent with the priorities of the European Union, EU fundinghas become the main source of income.
Various newspaper articles report that British ministers, university representatives, exam chiefs and business bodies agree that foreign languages skills in primary, secondary and tertiary UK education are in crisis. Lower funding and policy changes have caused language skills deficiencies felt gravely in the business sectors. Funding and support initiatives pledged by policy makers appear to be election-driven, barely outliving newly elected governments. Others blame secondary school language curriculum for failing to inspire students to take up a language when they reach 13 or 14. Others still argue that severe A-level examinations marking deters students from taking up a foreign language at 6th form level, producing fewer prospective language learners for university departments. Community languages are also undervalued as small-entry languages could soon be axed from GCSE and A-level examinations. In a world increasingly interconnected, it is essential the importance of language learning be reinstated in all our educational institutions. This paper reviews two decades of the conditions of language provision in the UK in general, with an emphasis on Leeds Beckett University. It also attempts to answer two questions emerging form the author’s personal teaching experience and reflections: What are the realities and challenges language teaching faces at Leeds Beckett University? And, how may we support language learners in fulfilling their ambition to acquire the required skills to communicate effectively in this globalised world?
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