Search results

1

An Early Medieval cemetery at Grodowice, in the Kazimierza Wielka district

100%

Kubica-Grygiel A.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

|

2014

|

vol. 66

359–384

EN

In the years 2005–2008 a major part of an early medieval cemetery at site 1 at Grodowice, Świętokrzyskie province, was discovered. The Grodowice necropolis is an example of a flat cemetery with 35 graves arranged in rows, where most of the deceased were buried in rectangular burial pits with rounded corners. In the majority of the burial pits there was no evidence to suggest the use of additional constructions within the graves. The deceased were usually buried with their heads to the west, prone on their backs, with their hands stretched along the corpse. The results of anthropological analysis indicate that the deceased buried in the cemetery were of various sex and age. The marginally diversified forms of ornaments and elements of costume, such as temple rings, finger-rings, beads and coins, commonly known from cemeteries in western Slavdom, were the predominant grave goods found with the deceased. The Grodowice necropolis was most probably in use between the second half or towards the end of the 10th century and 12th century. The cemetery probably ceased to function soon afterwards, as a result of the expansion of the parochial network that was recorded in the entire Wiślica provostry during the 12th century. It was accompanied by the construction of new churches whose surroundings started to be used for burying the dead.

2

The population of the early Polish Christian cemetery in Grodowice on the basis of ar chaeological, anthropological , and molecular research

100%

Kubica-Grygiel A.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

|

2019

|

vol. 67

231-289

EN

The aim of this study is to present a full characterization and catalogue of the graves of the early medieval inhumation necropolis that was recently found at the edge of the loess uplands in the western part of Małopolska (Lesser Poland) – specifically, in Grodowice, Kazimierza Wielka district. The second aim is to determine the matrilineal genetic structure and to present the first medieval population-level human DNA study from Małopolska. The necropolis, which was excavated in 2005-2008 at site 1, is situated in an open field on the culmination of a broad, flat hill being part of a longitudinal range of hills separating the valleys of two larger rivers – namely, the Nidzica and Młyńska. The excavations resulted in the discovery of 35 inhumation graves, partly arranged in regular rows, dating to the early medieval period. The deceased were placed mostly in regular pits with their heads to the west. Very few traces of wooden coffins were recorded. 32 skeletons were classified in anthropological analysis. They present all age classes: Infans/Juvenis (13 graves), Juvenis/Adultus (8 graves, incl. 3 females and 3 males), Adultus/Maturus (9 graves, incl. 3 females and 3 males), and Senilis (1 grave). Various pathological changes and injuries were recorded: teeth plaque, enamel hypoplasia, caries, spine and long bone degenerations, cribra orbitalia, Schmorl’s nodes. Thirteen mtDNA sequences were made which encompass almost the entire range of Western Eurasian macro-haplogroups. Artefacts were recorded in 11 graves, such as: temple rings, coins, finger rings, beads, and coins. They occurred in female, male, and child graves alike. The cemetery at Grodowice, like the majority of inhumation cemeteries in Małopolska, was probably founded in the second half or towards the end of the 10th century. Graves with coins indicate that it still functioned in the late 11th century. It cannot be ruled out that the Grodowice necropolis ceased to function as a result of the construction of churches in nearby Kazimierza Mała (probably as early as in the 11th century) and Bejsce (12th century or the first half of the 13th century). KEY WORDS: inhumation graves, early medieval period, Małopolska (Lesser Poland), funeral rite

3

A few remarks on the presence of wood in funeral rites of the Lusatian cultural in the Lublin region

100%

Kłosińska E.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

|

2016

|

vol. 11

229-260

4

Duše nevinná stává se andělem. Dětské hroby jako prostředek komunikace mezi světem pozemským i záhrobním

88%

Čechura M.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

|

2019

|

vol. 11

|

issue 1

52-62

EN

Graves of infants and children belong to a specific category of medieval and modern-age burial culture. The relationships between survivors and deceased children have been complex throughout the Christian period presenting, in many respects, an unresolved issue, in which the fundamental Christian rules and the simple emotional relationship of parents to children were in conflict. An expression of this relationship can be seen in a number of written, iconographic, and archaeological sources in past societies and it represents an interesting topic for a widely-focused interdisciplinary study. The graves of new-born infants are one of the few groups that had a privileged position in the cemetery; the only other such category being perhaps people outcast from Christian society. It is on the example of the graves of children that we can observe the transformations of funeral customs and the grave as a means of different systems of communication — between the world of the living and the dead, between the dead, and between the survivors.

5

Charakter pohřebního ritu jako odraz událostí 19. století na střední Moravě

88%

Šín L., Vrána J.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

|

2014

|

vol. 101

|

issue 2

149-169

EN

The focus of the research was an anthropological and archeological rescue excavation of the site Majetín - Náves. This research was conducted by workers of Archaeological Centre Olomouc during September end October 2012. The aim of the research was to verify a potentional of this site, which is located on the northern border of the village.

6

W jakim stroju na swój pogrzeb, czyli próba interpretacji funkcji tekstyliów archeologicznych odkrywanych w grobach z wczesnej epoki żelaza z terenu Polski

88%

Słomska J., Antosik Ł.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

|

2018

|

vol. 66

57-75

EN

The main aim of the paper is to present the cognitive possibilities given by textiles found in graves from the early Iron Age. Apart from information on techniques used in prehistoric weaving, they also allow, unfortunately only in certain cases, to determine their original function. Textile materials discovered up to now at cemeteries from Poland have been most likely the remains of shrouds, pouches or clothes. These remains, in combination with numerous textile materials from Europe, are an important source of information about the communities living in Poland in the early Iron Age. Undoubtedly, garments were one of the determinants of cultural affiliation in prehistory. It consisted of metal jewellery, commonly discovered during excavations, but also definitely less frequent finds of clothing remains.

7

NOWE DANE NA TEMAT OBRZĄDKU POGRZEBOWEGO KULTURY AMFOR KULISTYCH Z ZACHODNIEJ LUBELSZCZYZNY

75%

Wiśniewski T., Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska B.

Archeologia Polski

|

2019

|

vol. 64

205-236

EN

The discovery of the Nałęczów type grave in Końskowola as well as the reinterpretation of the grave from Puławy-Włostowice has shed new light on the funeral rite and range of influences of the Nałęczów subgroup of the Globular Amphora culture in the western part of the Lublin region. Both sites are located outside the compact zone where features of this site occur and outside the upland area of the Nałęczów Plateau. The graves from Puławy-Włostowice and Końskowola differ slightly from the “classic” features of the Nałęczów type in terms of their burial goods, and in Końskowola, the raw material used for the construction of the burial cham¬ber. They most likely represent the youngest phase of settlement of the Nałęczów subgroup in the Globular Amphorae culture.

8

Z historii czeskiej archeologii średniowiecza. Wykopaliska archeologiczne Ivana Borkovský’ego na Placu Loretańskim w Pradze na Hradczanach

75%

Boháčová I.

Archeologia Polski

|

2012

|

vol. 57

|

issue 1-2

161-197

EN

Funerary range with more than 700 graves in the vicinity of the Prague Castle, at Loretánské Square (Bohemia, Prague – Hradčany) was investigated in the 30s of the last century. The excavation was one of the earliest surface interventions in the complex stratigraphic environment of the Bohemian pre-urban and urban organism. Moreover, it was one of the most extensive excavations carried out in the pre-war period. The excavator, Ivan Borkovský, did not complete a study of his material, hence the present reevaluation, which was based on a manuscript of Borkovský’s excavation report, on the original field documentation and on a new analysis of the sources. The complex settlement stratigraphy of this medieval site had been disturbed extensively and repeatedly by burials already during the Early Middle Ages, later by High Medieval and Modern burials, and also by developments in the Modern period. The cemetery represents the most extensive Medieval burial ground within Prague’s historical core and has produced a large collection of Late Hillfort period grave furnishings. Modern period graves are one of the most extensive examples of burials of execution victims anywhere in Europe. An analysis of the topography of the site and the burial rite leads to several general conclusions. A basic chronology based on the archaeological record has been confirmed by a 14C analysis of skeletal remains. The overall trend observed in this highly complex stratigraphical position is from an extensive linear Early Medieval burial ground to a superimposed (Early?) Medieval graveyard typical of Medieval church cemeteries. An empty space in the intensively used part of the Early Medieval as well as High Medieval burial ground has suggested the presence of a church at the core of the cemetery. The transfer of burials into an area of intensive settlement in the Hradčany area around the middle of the 11th c. is linked to a progressing Christianization of Czech society in Early Medieval times.

9

Rola i pozycja społeczna kobiet we wczesnej epoce żelaza przez pryzmat zmian w rytuałach pogrzebowych – na przykładzie Wielkopolski

75%

Żychlińska J.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

|

2016

|

vol. 21

491-503

PL

This paper proposes that the beginning of the Early Iron Age saw the change of the social role and status of women. The study was based on the analysis of dozens of graves attributable to the Lusatian Culture, which spanned the Bronze and Early Iron Ages. Included in the analyses were only graves of individuals, whose sex and age could be anthropologically determined. The hypothesis is justified on the basis of the socio-symbolic dimension of weaving and pottery.

10

Cmentarz w chrześcijańskiej przestrzeni średniowiecza

75%

Rębkowski M.

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

|

2014

|

vol. 60

191-196

EN

One of the main features of the Christian funeral rite in the Middle Ages is supposed to have been a specific location of the graveyards. The paper aims to analyse how the problem of a choice and a location of burial space was presented in Rationale divinorum officiorum written by bishop Wiliam Durand of Mende in the end of the 13th century. The work was the most famous and most complete medieval handbook of Christian liturgy, containing the explanation of all the rites related to the Christian worship. According to Rationale the space was not homogenous. By means of rite of consecration a Bishop was able to delimit holy places („loca sacra”) where the God’s activity could be manifested in a special way. One of such places was also “locus religiosus” which was the space assigned for burying dead body of Christians and usually named cemetery. What is of special importance, there was expected a spatial unity of the cemetery with a church. As we know, the above norm has originated already in the 4th century. However, it can be supposed that the handbook allowed in the extraordinary situation a church and a cemetery were distant each other. To bury a body of dead Christian beyond the consecrated cemetery was allowed only in exceptional cases. The author defined in some way also the space of the Christian grave itself. Dead body was to be laid with a head turned towards West and feet towards East which means the position following the orientation of a church. It is well known, that this habit has also originated in the 4th century. Interesting conclusions may be drawn by a comparison of the contents of Rationale t o t he r esults of a rchaeological research on different peoples of the former Barbaricum Christianized in the early Middle Ages. Almost everywhere in the beginning there was visible two-way development in the location of inhumation cemeteries. Apart from the cemeteries situated just nearby churches there were also graveyards located without any spatial relation to a church. However, the latter have also some features typical for the Christian funeral requirements like for example the westeast orientation of bodies which resulted in row layout of the whole cemetery. The functioning of only one designated space for burying the dead, which means the final unification of burial customs, was taken over by churchyards c. 100-150 years after the Christianization.

11

Uwagi na temat obrządku pogrzebowego grupy olsztyńskiej na przykładzie cmentarzyska w Kosewie, pow. mrągowski (dawn. Kossewen, Kreis Sensburg)

63%

Rudnicki M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

|

2015

|

issue 30

137-170

EN

The cemetery in Kosewo (former Kossewen, Kr. Sensburg; from 1938, Rechenberg) is one of the largest known necropolises dated to the Roman and Migration Periods found in the Mazurian Lakeland. The site was accidentally discovered during the construction works of the road linking Mrągowo with Mikołajki in 1887. Even though a large numer of features was discovered at the cemetery in Kosewo, only single finds or assemblages from that site have been published. At the cemetery in Kosewo there were pit and urn burials. The pit burials contained, besides the remains of the deceased, also the remains of the pyre. The predominant burial type were urn graves. Among the 728 recorded burials the majority were urn graves, amounting to 611. It seems justifiable to assume that in the Olsztyn group the urn graves were generally predominant, with some local departures from the custom. We may also say that the graves from the late Migration Period were deposited closer to the Surface than the ones from the Roman Period. This phenomenon has been also recorded at the other cemeteries of the Olsztyn Group. In the eastern part of the area settled by the Olsztyn Group, in which the Kosewo cemeteries are located, the burial grounds were usually made in the same places as the necropolises of the Bogaczewo culture. Large cemeteries used only in the Late Migration Period are exceptional. Graves from Phase E usually did not disturb the earlier burials, but at the cemetery in Kosewo this happened quite often. Basing on the research conducted so far it is possible to state that the graves from the Olsztyn Group were usually located in separate clusters located away from the graves from the Roman Period or only slightly overlapping with them. In the urn graves of the Olsztyn Group the urns are sometimes covered with overturned bowl- or plate-shaped vessels, or beakers with hollow stems. No stone linings, pavements, or cist graves have been registered. Also no horse graves, which can be found in Mazuria of the Roman and Migration Periods, have been discovered at the cemetery in Kosewo. The cemetery yielded some finds of weapons in the assemblages dated to Phase E. The decline of the Olsztyn Group is connected with the disappearance of archaeologically recordable burial rites. The change of the form of the burial rite probably did not concern cremation, which is recorded for the Prussian tribes from the Early Middle Ages. The change of the burial rites probably consisted in the introduction of a different form of deposition of the burials. Also at the cemetery in Kosewo no materials later than the 7th century have been recorded. The necropolis may have been abandoned or the way of depositing the burials was changed. The question about the final stages of use of the Olsztyn Group cemeteries may be answered by further investigations.

PL

-

12

Уяўленні пра сірату ў традыцыйнай культуры беларусаў: асаблівасці вывучэння і перспектывы даследавання

38%

Шарая В.

Acta Albaruthenica

|

2020

|

issue 20

67-85

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad specyfiką wyobrażeń o sierocie w białoruskiej kulturze tradycyjnej, a także perspektywy dalszych badań tego zjawiska kulturowego. Uwzględniono prace filologów białoruskich, polskich i rosyjskich na ten temat. Artykuł rzucił światło na specyfikę białoruskich wyobrażeń o sierocie w rytuałach pogrzebowych i weselnych, a także podaniach ludowych. Tradycyjne wyobrażenia o sierocie zostały przeanalizowane w odniesieniu do przemian w strukturach rodzinnych na przestrzeni dziejów i relacji rodzinnych Białorusinów. Odkryto związek między wyobrażeniami o sierocie a specyfiką białoruskiej religii ludowej, a mianowicie systemem kultu przodków. Dokonano konkluzji o perspektywach studiowania tradycyjnych sposobów prezentowania postaci sieroty w ujęciu międzykulturowym.

EN

The article presents the results of our research on the particularities of the ideas about the orphan in Belarusian traditional culture, as well as the perspectives for further research of this cultural phenomenon. Works by Belarusian, Polish and Russian philologists on the subject have been taken into account. The article has shed light on the particularities of Belarusian ideas about the orphan in funeral and wedding rituals, as well as folktales. Traditional ideas about the orphan have been analyzed in relation to the changes in family structures through history and the familial relationships of Belarusians. A connection has been discovered between the ideas about the orphan and the particularities of Belarusian popular religion, and namely the system of ancestor veneration. Conclusions have been made about the perspectives of researching the ideas about the orphan from a multicultural perspective.

BE

У артыкуле прадстаўлены вынікі даследавання асаблівасцей уяўленняў пра сірату ў традыцыйнай культуры беларусаў і перспектывы вывучэння гэтага культурнага феномену. Разгледжаны працы беларускіх, польскіх і расійскіх навукоўцаў па тэме. Выяўлены асаблівасці ўяўленняў беларусаў пра сірату ў пахавальным абрадзе, вясельным абрадзе сіраты і ў чарадзейных казках. Народныя ўяўленні пра сірату разгледжаны ў сувязі са зменай гіста-рычных форм сям’і і сістэм роднасці ў беларусаў. Выяўлена сувязь уяўленняў пра сірату з асаблівасцямі народнай рэлігійнасці беларусаў, з сістэмай ушанавання продкаў. Зробленыя высновы аб перспектыўнасці даследавання традыцыйных уяўленняў пра сірату ў міжкультурным параўнанні.

Refine search results

An Early Medieval cemetery at Grodowice, in the Kazimierza Wielka district

The population of the early Polish Christian cemetery in Grodowice on the basis of ar chaeological, anthropological , and molecular research

A few remarks on the presence of wood in funeral rites of the Lusatian cultural in the Lublin region

Duše nevinná stává se andělem. Dětské hroby jako prostředek komunikace mezi světem pozemským i záhrobním

Charakter pohřebního ritu jako odraz událostí 19. století na střední Moravě

W jakim stroju na swój pogrzeb, czyli próba interpretacji funkcji tekstyliów archeologicznych odkrywanych w grobach z wczesnej epoki żelaza z terenu Polski

NOWE DANE NA TEMAT OBRZĄDKU POGRZEBOWEGO KULTURY AMFOR KULISTYCH Z ZACHODNIEJ LUBELSZCZYZNY

Z historii czeskiej archeologii średniowiecza. Wykopaliska archeologiczne Ivana Borkovský’ego na Placu Loretańskim w Pradze na Hradczanach

Rola i pozycja społeczna kobiet we wczesnej epoce żelaza przez pryzmat zmian w rytuałach pogrzebowych – na przykładzie Wielkopolski

Cmentarz w chrześcijańskiej przestrzeni średniowiecza

Uwagi na temat obrządku pogrzebowego grupy olsztyńskiej na przykładzie cmentarzyska w Kosewie, pow. mrągowski (dawn. Kossewen, Kreis Sensburg)

Уяўленні пра сірату ў традыцыйнай культуры беларусаў: асаблівасці вывучэння і перспектывы даследавання