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Miejsce melancholii w kulturze staropolskiej w świetle kazań pogrzebowych przełomu XVII i XVIII w.

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Bąk J.
In Gremium. Studia nad Historią, Kulturą i Polityką
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2015
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vol. 9
51-63
EN
Melancholy is a concept of a rich semantic structure. Old Polish concept of melancholy was formed under the influence of ideological currents of the era and served mainly as the expression of thought and reflection on the passing time, in which the phenomenon of death played a key role. In the Middle Ages the term of melancholy, known as acedia at that time, was perceived as a sin. For a man of the Baroque death was the harbinger of eternal life, which is why his attention was firmly focused on eschatological concepts. The matter of the funeral sermons and guidebooks of proper dying were made to persuade a man to a pious life and give him hope for a rebirth in eternity. Especially when he experienced suffering or at the time of his death. Preachers much of their attention devoted to emphasize the important role of hope as the essence of the Christian faith. It supposed to be the remedy for sadness and the melancholic trance for those families which lost their loved ones. Because melancholy led men to second thoughts about God’s creation and led to the loss of health. Melancholy was longing for the passaging time. The indescribable grief over human imperfection and its destructive nature.
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Konfessionelle Polemik in der Begräbnishomiletik. Fünf Leichenpredigten des Kontroverspredigers Georg Scherer aus den Jahren 1583–1603

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Pavlíčková R.
Acta Comeniana (International review of Comenius studies and early modern intellectual history)
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2010
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vol. 24
7-41
EN
Of the extensive literary work of the Jesuit and the controversial preacher Georg Scherer (1540–1605), a collection of five funeral sermons delivered and printed in 1583–1603 has up to now escaped attention. The first thing that marks the set as exceptional is the “earliness” of its origin, for it dates from the early period of Roman Catholic funeral homilies of which only a few examples are known. A second point is that they represent one of the most extensive sets from the pen of one author known from this period. Thirdly, like Scherer’s polemical works, the funeral sermons reached a wide public and were repeatedly published, often in translation, sometimes as independent publications, sometimes as part of larger compendiums and collections. Fourthly, two of the funeral sermons, by the standards of Catholic funeral homilies, contain abundant graphic detail. Finally, two of the sermons were delivered over members of the Habsburg line (Archduke Ernest in 1585 and the Emperor’s widow Maria in 1603) and are closely connected with Scherer’s career as a Viennese court preacher. This study first assesses the set of five funeral sermons in their connection with Scherer’s other literary work, and puts them in the context of the development of Catholic funeral homilies. It then analyses each sermon from the point of view of its themes, of key importance for the celebration of the deceased individual, and devotes especial attention to the varied and variously intense confessional argumentation (references to the confessional identity of the deceased, to passages of the catechism, to theological polemics – for example, about purgatory – and to celebrations of conversion to Roman Catholicism). The presence of explicit statements and arguments of a confessional colouring is certainly connected with the general nature of Scherer’s religious polemical literature; it is at the same time, however, connected with the confessionally distinctive expression of funera homiletics in the last decades of the sixteenth and first decades of the seventeenth century.
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Die frühneuzeitliche Erinnerungsgemeinschaft in Breslau. Zur memorativen Rolle der schlesischen protestantischen Leichenpredigt

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Mróz-Jabłecka K.
Orbis Linguarum
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2018
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issue 50
433-445
EN
The Early Modern Community of Memory in Wroclaw. The Memorative Function of the Protestant Funeral Sermons from Silesia The printed funeral sermons of the seventeenth-century were a medium which helped the urban elite of Wroclaw such as town councillors, merchants, scholars, clericals and craftsmen to enhance its prestige and emphasize its representation in the society. The nobility as well as the bourgeoisie was a part of a community of memory according to the Maurice Halbwach’s concept of collective memory. The article aims to show on (auto)biographic information given in selected Pro- testant funeral sermons, the network of mutual relationships in the society and the ways of shaping the memory.
4
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O regionalności XVII-wiecznych kazań pogrzebowych. Część II: druki poznańskie

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Pihan-Kijasowa A., Motyl A.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 1
203-223
PL
In the 17th century funeral sermons were one of the most frequent forms of public utterances. More than 600 funeral sermons were published in Poland at that time. They were issued by publishing houses scattered all over Poland, and thus each region had its representation in this output. Consequently, funeral sermons are a good source for studies into regional differences in the Polish language of the 17th century. The article deals with this problem on the example of Great Polish prints issued in 17th-century Poznań publishing houses of: the Wolrabs, Wojciech Regulus, Wojciech Młodujewicz, Wojciech Laktański, Jan Rossowski, the Printing Office of Lubrański Academy and the Printing Office of SocietatisIesu. The analysis of texts revealed that they manifest the most typical features of the general Polish of that time, but simultaneously the regional features, differential in character (as for example the inflectional suffix -ej of feminine hard-stem nouns: type głowej), as well as frequentative (as for example the exchange of i and y for e before consonants l, ł: type zrobieł). And although the discussed texts were written not only by the authors originating from Great Poland, they are characterized by common linguistic features. Thus, it must be admitted that the employees of printing firms – the editors, proof-readers, typesetters – played a significant role in the final linguistic creation of the 17th-century printed text.
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O regionalności siedemnastowiecznych kazań pogrzebowych. Część 1: druki lubelskie

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Pihan-Kijasowa A.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 2
159-171
PL
In the 17th century, funeral sermons were a frequent type of public address. Over six hundred of such sermons were published in Poland at the time. They were published by presses all around Poland, so that each region is represented in the production. Consequently, funeral sermons are a good source for research in regional varieties of Polish in the 17th century. The article presents the problem on the example of printed material from Lublin, published in the press owned by Paweł Konrad, Anna Konradowa, and Jan Wieczorkowicz. The inspection of the texts has shown that they represent typical qualities of 17th-century standard Polish, as well as regional differential and frequency-based qualities. Because sermons were written not only by authors from Małopolska, it can be assumed that their language was largely influenced by editors and printers.
6
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Paraliterackie wizje śmierci i umierania w kulturze sarmackiej

75%
Piersiak T.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
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1997-1998
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vol. 9-10
135–147
PL
Artykuł jest próbą odtworzenia pojęć, wyobrażeń, przekonań i zachowań związanych ze śmiercią, funkcjonujących w obrębie kultury sarmackiej. Sądy dotyczące tych spraw oparto na analizie szczególnego zespołu tekstów – są nimi kazania pogrzebowe, podręczniki życia duchowego, pisma o charakterze hagiograficznym. Dominującym modelem dobrej śmierci jest umieranie heroiczne, wytrwanie do końca w tej roli społecznej, jaką pełniło się za życia, trwanie do końca przy swoich obowiązkach. Ten model ulega przeobrażeniom: z upływem czasu heroizm patetyczny, odwołujący się do wzorców biblijnych i antycznych zostaje zastąpiony przez heroizm wspierany cudownymi interwencjami sił nadprzyrodzonych. Istotnym problemem ideowym i artystycznym był konflikt między straszeniem śmiercią a jej oswajaniem. W kulturze sarmackiej przeważyło straszenie. Wiąże się z tym konkretyzacja, sensualizacja wizji śmierci.
EN
The paper attempts to reconstruct concepts, images, beliefs and patterns of behavior connected with death in Sarmatian culture. The judgements are based on an analysis of a specific group of texts: funeral sermons, textbooks on spiritual life and hagiographic writings. The dominant model of a good death is a heroic one, perservence in one's social role till the end, loyal fulfillment of one's duties. With time, the model undergoes a shift from grandiose heroism, based on Biblical and ancient motifs, to heroism supplemented by miraculous interventions of supernatural forces. An important ideological and artistic problem was a conflict between the 'taming' of death and using it as a means of frightening someone. As the latter prevailed in Sarmatian culture, the image of death was concretized and materialized.
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