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Motywy tematyczne we współczesnych przemówieniach funeralnych

100%
Cieśla B.
Stylistyka
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2020
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vol. 29
235-250
EN
The aim of the article is to present thematic motifs that appear in funeral speeches given by lay people. These speeches have the form of a one-sided narration, shaped to create the best possible picture of the deceased. The author analyses seven contemporary funeral speeches which were recorded during funeral ceremonies while saying farewell to deceased Polish politicians. The speeches discussed are characterized by a considerable degree of concentration on the achievements of the deceased. Focusing on deeds – especially in laudation – is a way of cementing the memory of a person who has influenced a certain community. The funeral speech, as a genre pattern, performs the function of sustaining memory about a particular person, whose picture acquires the form of a tendentious, deformed verbal monument. It does not only present the figure of the deceased, but also evaluates their achievements in an individual and collective dimension. The assessment in both cases is designed by the speaker and is often detached from the real social feelings. The speeches under analysis are a type of occasional speeches with not only invariant stylistic and structural features (which have been pointed out in scientific or advisory literature many times), but also invested with standard and repetitive thematic threads.
2
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Marek Fabiusz Kwintylian, Institutio oratoria, Księga XI 3, 30–184 [Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, Institutio oratoria, book XI 3, 30–184 (Introduction and translation)]

60%
Śnieżewski S.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
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2014
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vol. 24
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issue 1
119-144
PL
Quintilian begins the 30th chapter of the 11th Book claiming the rules of oratory declamation are identical with the rules of word art. Pronuntiatio will be more clear if, above all, words will be spoken whole and not swallowed or omitted. According to Quintilian, well-chosen pronuntiatio is adjusted to the topic of the speech. For the most part it is driven solely by emotions and the orator’s voice rises and resounds. Voice, which is a kind of mediator between us and our audience, will reach the judges in the same shape it leaves us. Next the author of Institutio oratoria devotes a large passage to gesticulation as it complements voice and is obedient to the commands of mind. In plays written for performance on the stage the masters of oratory declamation find inspiration for expressing emotions also from the characters of a drama. This is why in tragedy Merope is sad, Medea is terrifying, Ajax is benumbed and Hercules is aggressive. In laudatory speeches, with the exception of funeral ones, the words should be flowery, magnificent and exalted in order to express thanks, encouragement etc. The funeral speeches, consolations and most of defensive court speeches are characterized by pain and humility. When we speak in senate we need to be authoritative, when in front of the people – dignified, when in private affairs – moderate. Pronuntiatio should have three qualities: it should cause good will, convince and affect, as this is how delight can be naturally evoked. Favour of the audience can be won either by praise of character, which is mysteriously revealed in the voice and gesticulation of an orator, or by the charm of style. Quintilian ends Book 11th with a remark that moderation plays the most important role. His aim is to form an orator, not a comedian. This is why he does not recommend to search for all the subtleties of gesticulation, nor to use classifications, rhythms or emotional states in the way of speaking. He is right when he criticises pronouncing words with exaggerated face expressions, distracting gesticulation and abrupt changes of tone. An orator should control his speech, aiming to achieve elegance and style and yet not to lose the authority of a noble and dignified man.
3

Dlaczego nie Pisarski – miejsce „Mówcy polskiego” w tradycji pogrzebowych tekstów oratorskich Jakuba Sobieskiego

60%
Barłowska M., Ciszewska M.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2022
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vol. 113
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issue 2
225-238
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie stopnia skażenia tekstów mów pogrzebowych Jakuba Sobieskiego znajdujących się w „Mówcy polskim” Jana Stefana Pisarskiego (Kalisz 1668). Argumentacja została oparta na dowodach zebranych w trakcie pracy nad edycją krytyczną mów Sobieskiego. Miejsce antologii Pisarskiego w tradycji tekstów oracji funeralnych, odtworzonej metodą krytyki stemmatycznej, jest podrzędne, gdyż zgromadzone tam przekazy zawierają liczne błędy odziedziczone po przodkach i własne (opuszczenia słów, fraz, a nawet całych fragmentów, i zamiany wyrazów), prowadzące do naruszenia zarówno warstwy stylistycznej, jak i faktograficznej, często niedostrzegalne w czasie lektury.
EN
The article aims to present the contamination degree of Jakub Sobieski’s funeral speeches contained in Jan Stefan Pisarski’s “Mówca polski” (“Polish Speaker”) (Kalisz 1668). Argumentation is based on the evidence gathered while working on the critical edition of Sobieski’s speeches. Pisarski’s anthology is reconstructed with the stemmatic analysis, and its place in the tradition of funeral orations is secondary since the accounts contain numerous mistakes inherited after the predecessors and also its own (omissions of words, phrases, and even entire fragments, shifts of words), leading to distortion of the stylistic and fact-collecting layer, hardly observable while reading.
4

Dwie mowy Wojciecha Miaskowskiego wygłoszone na pogrzebie Wojciecha Gajewskiego – edycja krytyczna

60%
Oźlański A.
Meluzyna. Dawna Literatura i Kultura
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2018
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vol. 2 (9)
71-94
EN
The article presents a critical edition of two funeral speeches made by Wojciech Miaskowski, yet not printed before. The first one was made while the body of Wojciech Gajewski was carried through Poznan, the latter one – during the funeral. Both oratory pieces, which were widely appreciated among the researches of old Polish oratory, provide us with new information on the life of the soldier who died in battle at the walls of Smolensk. The author of the article prepared a transcription of the speeches, followed by an introduction including the most important details on Miaskowski and Gajewski’s lives, as well as the discussion on the hereditary issues concerning the speeches. The first one made during the body’s passage is an example of oratio ab hospitibus, that is a speech for the guests, whereas the latter is oratio gratiarum actoria, that is the family’s thanksgiving. Edition of the oratory pieces was accompanied by a family tree, critical apparatus and explanations given to the works.
5
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„Powinność oddajecie Waszmościowie patriarsze”. Mowa Feliksa Kryskiego na pogrzebie prymasa Jana Tarnowskiego 9 października 1604 r. jako element staropolskiego ceremoniału pogrzebowego

48%
Gałuszka J.
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2020
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vol. XVII (2020)
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issue 3: Dwór w Rzeczypospolitej i państwach ościennych, pod red. Artura Goszczyńskiego i A. Selina
83-96
PL
Artykuł prezentuje jeden z elementów XVII-wiecznych uroczystości pogrzebowych, jakim były okolicznościowe przemówienia bliskiego krewnego, przyjaciela lub znajomego, które uzupełniały kazania kaznodziejów. Niniejszy tekst stanowi omówienie i krytyczne wydanie źródłowe przemówienia Feliksa Kryskiego (1562–1618 na pogrzebie jego mentora i politycznego przewodnika, prymasa Jana Tarnowskiego (1552–1604). Kryski był znakomitym mówcą, pisarzem i politykiem. Wielokrotnie przemawiał w czasie obrad sejmu, nie stronił również od oratorstwa okolicznościowego. Celem utworu było dokonanie nowoczesnej edycji, która została przybliża tekst staropolski szerszemu kręgowi odbiorców.
EN
The article presents one of the elements of the 17th-century funeral ceremonies – occasional speeches given by a close relative, friend or acquaintance, which complemented the preachers' sermons. This text is an overview and critical source edition of Feliks Kryski's speech (1562–1618) at the funeral of his mentor and political guide, Primate Jan Tarnowski (1552–1604). Kryski was an excellent speaker, writer and politician. He spoke many times during the sessions of the Sejm and did not avoid occasional oratories. The aim of this article is to make a modern edition, which brings the Old Polish text closer to a wider audience.
RU
В статье представлен один из элементов похоронных обрядов XVII в. - случайные выступления близких родственников, друзей или знакомых, дополнявшие проповеди проповедника. Этот текст представляет собой обсуждение и критическое издание речи Феликса Крыского (1562–1618) на похоронах его наставника и политического наставника примаса Яна Тарновского (1552–1604). Крыски был прекрасным оратором, писателем и политиком. Много раз давал речи во время сеймов, не избегая также и случайного ораторского искусства. Целью работы было сделать современное издание, которое приблизило бы старопольский текст к более широкой аудитории.
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