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Možnosti a úskalí jazykového popisu na základě formálního lingvistického aparátu : Poznámky k nové syntaxi češtiny

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Wagner, Roland R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2016
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vol. 77
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issue 1
47-59
EN
This text introduces the reader to the recently published description of Czech syntax by J. Panevová et al. (2014) and takes the opportunity to add some remarks on its position within the Czech linguistic tradition on the one hand, and in the wider context of syntactic thought outside the Czech Republic on the other. The advantages of a multistratal approach to analyzing passives and other diatheses, over the surface-oriented approach in traditional Czech syntactic descriptions such as Šmilauer (1966), are demonstrated in more detail. Furthermore, I show how the theory of control is adapted from the government and binding framework to a syntactic framework based on dependency. In addition to the merits of the given analyses, several problematic issues are pointed out, especially relating to resultative diathesis and to the distribution of controlled pronouns in the deep structure.
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Funkční generativní popis - rámec pro konzistentní popis gramatiky

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Panevová J., Hajičová E., Kettnerová V., Kolářová V., Lopatková M., Mikulová M., Ševčíková M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 1-2
55-78
EN
In the present contribution, the main constitutive features of the Functional Generative Description as proposed by Petr Sgall and his collaborators are introduced together with a brief characterization of selected Czech grammatical phenomena within this framework. These phenomena include above all verbal and nominal valency and related issues and topic-focus articulation, esp. in relation to negation and presupposition. Criteria for the determination of valency members are proposed together with the changes in the valency structure connected with the application of different diatheses and alternations. The role of valency requirements in complex predicates is described and exemplified by means of derived structures. The other phenomenon investigated is connected with reflexive and reciprocal constructions. Furthermore, attention is devoted to the categorization of deletions and the related phenomenon of the general participant, and also to various comparative constructions that are described as constructions with surface deletions. The constructions introduced by the Czech preposition kromě ‘besides/instead of’ are used as an illustration of how their deep representation looks. The main tenets of FGD have been applied, verified and further refined in the Prague Dependency Treebank family and valency lexicons, which are briefly characterized here as well.
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