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Nazwy własne w funkcji metaforycznej (na polskich i rosyjskich przykładach prasowych)

100%
Bogdanowicz E.
Studia Wschodniosłowiańskie
|
2015
|
vol. 15
187-196
EN
The article is about the metaphorical usage of proper names and their place beyond the language system. Proper names quite frequently appear in modern (Polish and Russian) journalistic texts as a part of metaphors. These are, for example, such expressions as polski Hitler, Гитлер без вермахта, Himalaje wszelkiego zakłamania, “гималаи” пивных и водочных бутылок, Nowy Jork we wschodnim stylu, подмосковный Версаль, katolicki Gorbaczow, этакий черногорский Обломов, nasz Leonardo da Vinci, сегодняшние Корчагины, Мересьевы, Гагарины and others. A name loses its system properties in figurative usage. That means the name does not denote or distinguish a particular person or place that was originally designated by it, but begins to be seen as a meaningful unit. Metaphors with proper names in their structure are created from connotational meaning of a proper name, which is a given social group’s unlimited knowledge of the object that the name refers to, in its basic use.
2

Nazwy geograficzne w kulturze narodu

84%
Wolnicz-Pawłowska E.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2007
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issue 9
143-156
EN
Geographical names are an important component of the lexicon of every language and every communicating community. Every language and each such community has its own set of proper names, including geographical names. That set is also the evidence of the historical development of the nation and its contacts with other nations and languages. The following groups of geographical names can be distinguished in contemporary languages: (a) those inherited from the ancestral language (b) those that emerged in a given language (c) those borrowed from other languages. The basic function performed by geographical names is to point to toponymical objects. With the passage of time, some names acquire a symbolic significance, e.g. Thermopile, Canossa, Yalta. Other uniting symbols of importance to a specific nation also exist, such as names of centres of government or capital cities and names of large rivers and mountains associated throughout the centuries with tribal settlements (e.g. the Vistula for Poles, the Rhine for Germans). Such symbolic names may be used in various types of advertisements and propaganda since their associations are evident to everyone. Geographical names, in all their functions, are not only the wealth possessed by a language but also the heritage of mankind.
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