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Verbum Vitae
|
2022
|
vol. 40
|
issue 1
51-67
EN
This article examines the pericope of Lk 10:38-42 through the lens of gender. It presents the specific contributions of E. Schüssler Fiorenza and also M. Perroni, both of whom have interpreted the passage according to a feminist approach. The former has developed some hermeneutical criteria while the latter has insisted on female discipleship, claiming that, for Luke, the women are believers but not missionaries. The present article turns critically on the essential points of the two commentators, showing that a careful philological and contextual analysis does not allow the episode to be read as a representation of ministry in the Church. Instead, Mary’s behaviour of placing herself at the Lord’s feet appears alienating, an action which is both surprising and contrary to the social canons. The episode lays stress on precisely this difference, showing that the two poles are not "service" and "listening" but rather "distracting preoccupations" versus a "disciple’s attitude". The behaviour of the two sisters thus functions as a mirror by which the reader is invited to discern different attitudes towards Jesus.
EN
The article shows the analyses of modern national historical and pedagogical works, in which there was establishing and developing women’s education in Ukraine in the middle of the XIX – the beginning of the XX centuries is researched. The focus is made on the theoretical and methodological aspects of research, in particular the problem of the use of gender methodology and relevant categorical apparatus. The author relies on conceptual researches of scientists (who research problem of gender), among them T. Doronina is allocated, who has developed comparative scheme of sex-role and gender approach in education. The purpose of sex-role approach is creating conditions for successful socialization and personal fulfillment of pupils within traditional sex-role model, mainly in the areas of life that are caused by biological sex, according to which the education is expected by a certain sexual norms (stereotypes); in contrast, the purpose of gender approach is creating conditions for successful gender socialization of pupils, approval of equal opportunities of personal fulfillment in all the areas of life, rejection of gender stereotypes in education. In result review of scientific work, researching the problem of establishing and developing women’s education in Ukraine in the middle of the XIX – the beginning of the XX centuries, which has made from the gender approach, has allowed us to unite research in three categories. To the first category were classified the works where scholars follow the principles of gender approach (V. Dobrovolska, L. Ershova, K. Kobchenko, J. Korolevska, A. Savjuk, L. Smolyar, T. Suhenko, M. Rygkova, T. Shushara); the second group – scientific works, in which we have found differences between the author’s understanding of gender approach of learning the problem and theory and methodology of gender researches (V.Virchenko, O. Lytvynenko, N. Slyusarenko, T.Tronko); the third group – scientific works, the author’s of which take the open sex-role research position (G. Vorobjeva, V. Gurina, J. Lopatenko, I. Martynova, L. Pryjmenko). We consider attention to the problems of gender education, taking into account modern egalitarian principles of education, during researching historical and pedagogical problems, definitely is a progressive indicator and becomes more prevalent in modern science.
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of some of the means that are typical to the traditional family upbringing of the children in Ukrainian peasant family of the XIXth – the beginning of the XX century. The special significance is paid to theory and methodology of gender researches, by which the means (ethnopedagogics ideals, work, folklore, children’s games and toys) of family upbringing of children of different sex were described by the author. As a unit of the analysis the author has chosen such representation of gender stereotypes in the content and organization filling of the means of family upbringing of the children in Ukrainian peasant family of the XIXth – the beginning of the XX century. It should be stressed that under the content filling the author understands a reflection in such means 1) stereotypes of masculinity-femininity; 2) stereotypes of the holding of family roles by boys and girls in accordance with their biological sex; 3) stereotypes of the labor assignment between different sex children and differences in their economic-productive activities. The author thinks that the organization filling is a conformity traditional means of family education to means of the constructing gender roles of children by their parents. Among them the author describes a manipulation as a programming and controlling behavior of children, which is considered usual for men or women; a verbal appeal (an approval of specific children behaviors by parents if it meets their sex, or critical remarks in the case of their non-compliance); a demonstration activities (an encouragement of the children to imitate adult behavior in accordance with their sex: «girls as mothers, boys as fathers»). The author comes to the conclusion that notions and differences between boys and girls had been a historical and socio-cultural construct; the process of the acquiring of the social role of children and their activities depends on their sex. According to the author the availability of sex-role standards of the family upbringing process in some way determined the hierarchical distribution of economic and social resources in a society, depending on traditionally «male» and «female». It is found out that differentiated choice of the education means by the parents and their uneven filling considering the sex of the children led to concretizing and deepening common in peasant society and Ukrainian culture in general, the perceptions of social roles, norms of behaviour and activities of individuals of different sexes on the level of boys’ and girls’ consciousness.
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