Search results - CEJSH

1

Coffee, Cookies and Cards: The Use of Visuals and Materiality to Reproduce and Transform Masculinity in Dutch Social Work Interventions

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van Huis I., van der Haar M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 1

57-66

EN

In what way do gender-specific interventions aimed at marginalised men reproduce and transform masculinities, and what kind of masculinity do social professionals, who carry out these projects, work with? This paper analyses how visual materials, spaces and artefacts enable professionals to deal with masculinity and gender-equality issues when working with men whom they assume hold traditional views on masculinity and gender roles. A three-year study of semi-public interventions that worked on individual empowerment, participation and gender equality with marginalised men in the Netherlands revealed that the professionals found it difficult to raise gender-equality issues. In contrast to the other project goals of individual empowerment and participation, gender-equality issues created a discomfort. The authors also discovered that gender equality in most cases was dealt with in more subtle ways than the issues of individual empowerment and participation. In this context, professionals worked with an ideal version of what the ‘new’ masculinity of the participants would look like, which we labelled ‘pacified masculinity’. The paper empirically shows how social professionals benefit from the use of space, images and artefacts to break down rigid gender roles and potentially enable men to construct other versions of masculine identity. Moreover, we argue that visuals and materiality create room for a reflection on the role of men in women’s emancipation.

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Gender Equality in Public Higher Education Institutions of Ethiopia: The Case of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

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Egne R. M.

Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 1

3-21

EN

Ensuring gender equality in higher education system is high on the agenda worldwide particularly in science disciplines. This study explores the problems and prospects of gender equality in public higher education institutions of Ethiopia, especially in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Descriptive survey and analytical research methods were used in the study. Subjects of the study consisted of university instructors, higher education institutions gender affairs officers, and female students. Gender-related policy documents were also used as sources of data. Questionnaire, interviews, and documents analyses were employed as tools of data collection. The data were analysed using mixed methods. The study revealed a serious under representation of female students in science disciplines in the contemporary Ethiopian public higher learning institutions. The paper discusses both the core factors that discourage women from pursuing sciences and suggestions which may assist them join and succeed in sciences.

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International regulations concerning gender discrimination in professional life

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Zwiech P.

Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business

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2011

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vol. 8

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issue 2

49-52

EN

The paper is aimed at presenting legal regulations imposed by International Labour Organization, the United Nations and the European Union, and regarding gender equality in professional life. Issues relating to discrimination against women on labour market have been addressed by international institutions for over 60 years.

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Value modernisation in Central and Eastern European countries: how does inglehart's theory work?

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Chromková Manea B., Rabušic L.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2020

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vol. 56

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issue 6

699-740

EN

An intergenerational shift from more pro-family norms to individual-choice norms has been taking place since the 1980s. Conditions of economic and social security positively contributed to this shift especially in high-income countries. In this paper, we study the modernisation change on value structures in selected Central and Eastern European countries and compare them with Western European ones and look at the generational differences. We first check whether the value shift is moving in the assumed direction and whether it is copying trends observed in Western European countries. We then look at different generations to determine whether the younger generations in CEE countries that grew up after 1989, in a time of rapid economic and political change, show higher levels of post-materialist and post-modern values than the generations socialised and raised during the communist regime. We use data collected by the international repeated cross-sectional European Values Study (EVS). The results are not clear-cut on whether socioeconomic modernisation has led to higher shares of post-materialism, more gender-egalitarian attitudes, and stronger support for individual-choice norms in CEE countries. In all the spheres of cultural modernisation analysed we found differences in values and attitudes between generations: the older generations were always more traditional than the younger generations. This was not just true in the CEE countries, as the same trend was recorded in the Western European countries.

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Ekonomiczne następstwa wprowadzenia parytetów płci w radach nadzorczych spółek publicznych

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Sitz-Kuleszo J.

International Business and Global Economy

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2015

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vol. Volume 34

175–183

EN

The purpose of the article is to present the economic aspects of the implementation of gender parity in public companies. The test method used involves the analysis of Polish and foreign source literature. The starting point for considerations are two European Commission documents: ’Strategy for equality between women and men 2010–2015’ and ’Green Paper – EU corporate governance framework,’ which commit public companies to implementing gender parity in the countries of the European Community. The article also quoted examples from outside the European Union. Furthermore, it presents a brief outline of the stages of the implementation of gender parity in the supervisory boards of European companies and attempts to show the wider context of the problem of equality between women and men in the labour market. The analysis of the issues of gender parity and the availability of supervisory board member positions in public companies also became a contribution to the consideration of the position and role of women in the modern economy.

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Keynote speech on the International Conference on Comparative Legal Review and the Judicial Protection of Gender Equality, 4-5 March 2021

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Stone A.

Przegląd Europejski

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2021

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vol. 4

223-225

EN

On the 4th and 5th of March 2021 the International Association of Constitutional Law (IACL), Gender Equality Research Institute, scientific journal ”Przegląd Europejski”, AEQUITAS and The European Law Student`s Association Ljubljana had organised the International Conference on Comparative Legal Review and the Judicial Protection of Gender Equality. ”Przegląd Europejski” is proud to publish the articles on this important topic and the conference speech of the president of the IACL, professor Adrienne Stone, PhD, Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor, Melbourne Law School

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Third Place is a Charm. Women in the 2010, 2014 and 2018 Regional Assembly Elections in Poland

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Cichosz M., Tomczak Ł.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2019

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issue 4 (48)

604-616

EN

The analysis of women’s participation in elections has long been an important theme within political studies. Scholars have looked at factors that affect women’s participation in politics in general, as well as their decisions to run in parliamentary or regional elections. In 2011, as the second Central and Eastern Europe country (the first being Slovenia), Poland introduced gender quotas into the proportional electoral system. Researchers looking into the consequences of such systemic solutions in various countries have established that the intended goal of increasing the proportion of women in legislative bodies has not always been achieved. In fact, the outcomes have varied widely. Such discrepancies invite further examination. The presented study focuses on regional assembly elections in Poland between 2010 and 2018. The article elaborates on and complements the results of the authors’ prior work on the 2010 and 2014 elections. The research looks at how effective women were in winning the available mandates, what were their placements and which parties managed to get most women into the assemblies.

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INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF GENDER EQUALITY POLITICS AND CURRENT GENDER GAPS IN THE BALTIC STATES

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Kublickiene L., Zvinkliene A.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

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2018

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issue 1

15-32

EN

The common reference to the Baltic States as a single geopolitical entity conceals the actual differences between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The article aims to outline the principal similarities and differences between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the field of gender equality politics developed within gender mainstreaming approach in attempt to better understanding of the current gender gaps in these countries. The research focuses on how national gender equality machineries were (re)constructed in accordance with international commitments to the UN and the EU after the restoration of independence in the Baltic States. It is demonstrated that differences between the Baltic States in the institutionalization of the contemporary structure of gender equality machinery were overcome once they became EU members. The current outcomes of gender equality politics are described on the basis of the Global Gender Gap Report 2017. The empirical data are provided for three Baltic States by analysing their gender gaps in four spheres – Economic participation and opportunity, Education attainment, Political empowerment and Health and survival. According to the Global Gender Gap Index, the Baltic States are among the EU Member States with the average / slightly above-average gender equality. The article argues that confirmation of the institutionalization of the contemporary gender equality machinery, the content of national governmental activities and the predominant relationship model with civil society in the Baltic States indicate that gender mainstreaming is likely yet another and the most recent social policy tool for the management of human resources. Thus, Latvia usually demonstrates a minimal attachment to gender mainstreaming. Moreover, Latvia has regressed somewhat in this respect in 2013. However, current Latvia can be considered as having more equality than Lithuania and Estonia. Among all countries participated in the research in 2017, Latvia ranks 10th, Lithuania, accordingly, 12th, and Estonia, accordingly, 16th. The case of Latvia levering the rank up due to positive trends in closing gender gaps in both Economic Participation and Opportunity and Political Empowerment subindexes confirms an assumption that rather social changes related to national demographical and economic development than merely technocratic sophistication of gender equality politics has a profound impact on current statistical indexes related to gender equality.

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Citizenship, Representation and Gender

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Fuszara M.

Polish Sociological Review

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2011

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vol. 172

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issue 4

367-390

EN

The political transformations of late 1980s and early 1990s marked a ‘new political opening’ for Central and Eastern Europe. In each country of the region, a new institutional order was built in its specific historical and cultural context. However, all countries disregarded the problem of gender balance in bodies of power. As a result, the share of women in descriptive representation shrunk considerably throughout the region. Initially, all countries had a low percentage of women at power but the situation began to diverge over time. This paper presents research findings from a study of women and men parliamentarians in Poland, Latvia and Macedonia, focussing on political representation and, in particular, on barriers which obstruct women’s more active involvement in the public sphere as well as actions, such as quotas, aimed to mainstream gender equality into politics. The problem of women’s participation in the legislature as well as barriers to women’s involvement turned out to bring in an interesting differentiation into gender equality discourses in the three countries under study.

10

100%

Gjinko J. M.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2024

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vol. 15

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issue 29

119-133

EN

Since the fall of their socialist centralized systems, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have experienced considerable changes to their socioeconomic policies. The Republic of Albania has encountered several noteworthy challenges since 1992, and initially, eradicating gender inequality was not given much emphasis. Gender equality is an essential element that needs to be incorporated into the legal frameworks of all candidate countries aspiring to join the EU, in addition to being a fundamental right and a shared vision of EU institutions. In developing nations, social exclusion can be either active or passive. Because females are excluded from many facets of society, such as the workforce, education, access to the legal system, the realization of their property rights, and so forth, women's demands and interests are frequently disregarded. Following the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Republic of Albania has developed a number of laws, policies, and action plans pertaining to gender equality, in addition to measures addressing issues such as human trafficking, domestic abuse, closing the representational gap in politics and the economy, and other matters. This essay looks at Albania's methodology for evaluating European standards and, where necessary, adapts them to regional political and cultural norms. Ensuring that the body of legislation is in accord with the culture in which it functions is a better strategy to enforce laws than merely making models, rules, and regulations. This is a comprehensive effort to assess and contrast specific in pursuing full EU integration. This is an overall attempt to evaluate and compare some of the strategies and actions Albanian representatives and society have taken to address the gender factor in the democratization process and institution-building while pursuing full EU integration.

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Status prawny kobiet w wielkich kodyfikacjach cywilnych XIX wieku

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Materniak-Pawłowska M.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2023

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issue 1 (41)

49-64

EN

Modern civil law’s roots can be traced back to the 19th century, when its basic institutions were comprehensively regulated in three civil codes: the French Civil Code of 1804, known since 1807 as the Napoleonic Code, the Austrian Allgemeines Burgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB) of 1811 and the German Burgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) of 1896–1900. In the literature, these codes are commonly referred to as the Great Civil Codifications, as they have been influential in shaping European civil law doctrine from their inception to the present day. Although they were drafted under different political conditions (the French and Austrian Codes originated in 18th-century philosophy of natural law, with its individualistic treatment of private law subjects, while the German Code resulted from the triumph of positivism in the second half of the 19th century), and their original content was subject to far-reaching revisions over the years, their invariable merit lay in creating a legal framework guaranteeing the inviolability of individual rights, based on respect for the individual’s fundamental subjective rights under civil law and respect for the autonomy of the will in their implementation. These rights included: the equality and universality of civil rights; the treatment of marriage as a civil contract; the guarantee of the inviolability of private property; the freedom to shape civil law relations by contract; the autonomy of the will of the individual in disposing his or her succession rights. Yet these rights were accompanied by a whole range of limitations and exclusions, particularly for women, whose legal position in terms of civil rights vis-à-vis men was far from the equality and universality of civil law subjects as declared in each of the aforementioned codes. This handicap was only to be remedied in the century that followed.

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PRINCIPLE OF CARE WITHOUT GENDER BORDERS IN ISSUES OF SECURITY AS A NEW SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PRACTICE

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Martinská M.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2014

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vol. 15(15)

177-187

EN

The current social contexts and the resulting social problems and security issues increasingly require the need for human solidarity, understanding, partnership and solidarity. A new concept of security is related to the need to reform and find a new normative framework of such a political vision that would allow policy makers to include the new concept of justice and care without gender-stereotyped predetermination and constraints in their programs and visions and thus also expand the system of political values

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The work-life balance in the EU - has Slovakia become a second Sweden?

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Homola Nevická D., Hamuľák J.

Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)

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2023

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vol. 13

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issue 4

381-387

EN

In the presented article, we deal with the issue of work-life balance after the transposition of DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/1158 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2019 on work-life balance for parents and carers into the Slovak legal order. In their publishing activities, the authors have been dealing with gender equality and the impact of European legal measures on the legal order of the Slovak Republic. The aforementioned directive was inspired by the Swedish parental leave system as well as the gender-equal approach to employees, but it must be noted that its adoption into the Slovak legal system was not without problems and the result is less than ideal. Through an analysis of the current law and comparison, the authors come up with their own considerations that would contribute to increasing the level of gender equality in the Slovak Republic and raise the status of working parents to at least the level of the European average.

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