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PL
Wydawnictwo Sonia Draga wydało niedawno dwie powieści argentyńskiej pisarki Claudii Piñeiro – Czwartkowe wdowy w roku 2015 oraz Betibu w roku 2016 (obie powieści w tłumaczeniu Tomasza Pindla). Claudia Piñeiro – laureatka literackiej nagrody im. Sor Juany Inés de la Cruz – była dotychczas w Polsce nieznana i cieszę się, że dzięki katowickiej oficynie ten stan rzeczy się zmienia.
EN
[Scroll down for the Polish version of the Abstract]Anna KisielInstitute of English Cultures and LiteraturesFaculty of PhilologyUniversity of Silesia in Katowice, PolandJeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (A Critical Note)Abstract: The present note concerns the book by Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History?, first which aims at sketching out, and then tracing the paths of the history of sexuality to finally organize our knowledge about these phenomena and processes. The main part of the book consists of seven chapters dealing with various aspects and and subsequent stages of the formation of the discipline of sexual history and its changing social conditioning.Keywords: sexuality, history of sexuality, gender studies Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (Nota o książce)Niniejsza nota traktuje o książce Jeffrey'a Weeksa, What is Sexual History?. Książka ma na celu nakreślenie, prześledzenie i uporządkowanie historii seksualności. Główna część książki składa się z siedmiu rozdziałów, traktujących o różnych aspektach i etapach tworzenia dyscypliny oraz jej uwarunkowaniach społecznych.Słowa kluczowe: seksualność, historia seksualności, gender studies
PL
[Scroll down for the Polish version of the Abstract]Anna KisielInstitute of English Cultures and LiteraturesFaculty of PhilologyUniversity of Silesia in Katowice, PolandJeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (A Critical Note)Abstract: The present note concerns the book by Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History?, first which aims at sketching out, and then tracing the paths of the history of sexuality to finally organize our knowledge about these phenomena and processes. The main part of the book consists of seven chapters dealing with various aspects and and subsequent stages of the formation of the discipline of sexual history and its changing social conditioning.Keywords: sexuality, history of sexuality, gender studies Jeffrey Weeks, What is Sexual History? (Nota o książce)Niniejsza nota traktuje o książce Jeffrey'a Weeksa, What is Sexual History?. Książka ma na celu nakreślenie, prześledzenie i uporządkowanie historii seksualności. Główna część książki składa się z siedmiu rozdziałów, traktujących o różnych aspektach i etapach tworzenia dyscypliny oraz jej uwarunkowaniach społecznych.Słowa kluczowe: seksualność, historia seksualności, gender studies
Świat i Słowo
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue (1)22
137-148
EN
Polish gender studies lecturers, on the grounds of translations of well known western feminists such as J. Butler, A. Rich, E. Badiner, S. de Beauvoir, are of the opinion, that the roles of both women and men are defined by culture, and the problem of sex identity is the outcome of social, historical and cultural relations, which make the feminine “otherness” related to women’s worse social situation. Just that “otherness”, “dissimilarity”, “non-identity” of women towards men is the source of their discrimination. A woman must then masculinise herself in appearance through the change of stylistics of her body, and inwardly through the presentation of features habitually attributed to men: domination, rationality, effectiveness, individualism, determination, abstract thinking, aggression, self-confidence and independence. It can be noticed, that in the name of social equality of sexes, Polish gender activists will deprive women of typically feminine features, regarding them as less talented than their male equivalent. An attempt to relieve women from stereotyped socially imposed evaluations affects in turn in the evaluation of women’s competences conditioned by stereotyped thinking. Thereby gender studies experts assess feminine features as inappropriate and of little value. Such a generalization is also a stereotype, namely a conviction, that all women are only emotional, indecisive, or not effective enough. They cannot think logically, are susceptible to stress and have low self-esteem. A woman with feminine features is in gender theories uncomplimentary, incomplete, not equal to man, that is why she must be completed with typically masculine features. The presentation of women in gender studies as helpless victims of men, creates their image of a legally incapacitated, deprived of the possibility to decide about themselves, and it is a vision which does not correspond with reality. Equalizing women’s social chances, considering them as “worse” than men seems to be preposterous.
PL
Le Roman de Silence Heldris’a de Cornouailles ukazuje niejednoznaczną postać Silence, dziewczynki wychowanej jako chłopiec, który/a staje się później dzielnym rycerzem i doskonałym żonglerem. Nie sposób jej jednoznacznie skategoryzować, dlatego szczególnie ciekawe wydaje się spojrzenie na Silence przez pryzmat gender studies i teorii queer. Żyjąc w świecie męskiej dominacji i dychotomicznych podziałów, Silence nie jest w pełni ani mężczyzną, ani kobietą. Gry językowe oraz niekonsekwentnie zmienne zastosowanie męskich i żeńskich zaimków przez autora wzmagają wrażenie wieloznaczności bohatera/ki, który/a niejednokrotnie afirmuje swoją męską tożsamość. Z punktu widzenia społeczeństwa, istotny jest jednak powrót do status quo i jasne określenie tożsamości bohatera/ki. Silence musi stać się kobietą i żoną.
PL
The article focuses on the issue of the relationship between emerging Czech national identity and male social leadership in the 19th century. The article deals with the question of male social representation related to prestige that Czech literary discourse tried to elaborate. The article concerns the attitude towards hegemonic masculinity linked to Austrian structures of power and of Germanic culture. This issue has been explored on the example of prose created by male authors originating in the period of increased national agitation which lasted from approximately the 1830s to the end of the 1870s. Focusing on reconstructions of collective normative imaginations based on literary texts is, however, insufficient. There is agreement, but also the difference between imaginatinggs, and their implementation. Therefore, literary patterns related to the social position of the Czech male patriot were confronted with the image of their “reality” preserved in Czech memoirs of the 19th century.
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Feminist thought of motherhood begins with First Wave, when thinkers were convinced of naturalistic point of view according to which women are predestined to be a mother (M. Wollstonecraft, J. S. Mill, H. Taylor). Women’s liberation was put down for a while by given them vote rights. The next wave of women’s liberation came back after II World War. Denaturalization of motherhood starts with Simone de Beauvoir’s Second Sex where she presents an analysis of mother stereotypes and social processes of promoting specific motherhood-mode, which works for the patriarchal culture. She does not treat motherhood and child rearing as something natural for every woman. Beauvoir’s critics set up a debate about the possibility of non-patriarchal motherhood where being a mother is independent from patriarchal order, as ground for woman’s identity. S. Macintyre postulates division off motherhood and marriage, which is opposite to traditional sociology paradigm. A. Rich creates a definition of motherhood institution so different from intimate experience of mother, she gives mothers voice to speak about motherhood. N. Chodorow suggests non-patriarchal rule of „double parenting”, which is to reduce differences between sexes. E. Badinter proves that maternal instinct does not exist (in biological way), but it is the social construct exploited by patriarchal system. Works of Beauvoir, Macintyre, Rich, Firestone, Chodorow, Badinter exemplify the slow process of denaturalization of motherhood in feminist thought.
PL
Feminist thought of motherhood begins with First Wave, when thinkers were convinced of naturalistic point of view according to which women are predestined to be a mother (M. Wollstonecraft, J. S. Mill, H. Taylor). Women’s liberation was put down for a while by given them vote rights. The next wave of women’s liberation came back after II World War. Denaturalization of motherhood starts with Simone de Beauvoir’s Second Sex where she presents an analysis of mother stereotypes and social processes of promoting specific motherhood-mode, which works for the patriarchal culture. She does not treat motherhood and child rearing as something natural for every woman. Beauvoir’s critics set up a debate about the possibility of non-patriarchal motherhood where being a mother is independent from patriarchal order, as ground for woman’s identity. S. Macintyre postulates division off motherhood and marriage, which is opposite to traditional sociology paradigm. A. Rich creates a definition of motherhood institution so different from intimate experience of mother, she gives mothers voice to speak about motherhood. N. Chodorow suggests non-patriarchal rule of „double parenting”, which is to reduce differences between sexes. E. Badinter proves that maternal instinct does not exist (in biological way), but it is the social construct exploited by patriarchal system. Works of Beauvoir, Macintyre, Rich, Firestone, Chodorow, Badinter exemplify the slow process of denaturalization of motherhood in feminist thought.
EN
The paper is devoted to the Austrian writer Peter Handke, who is well-known for causing controversy. The topic of the paper are differences between the genders and the exchange of roles between women and men in the modern society. The upward trend in the emancipation of women and their pursuit of liberation from the domination of men as well as the degradation of the role of the man are shown in a distorting mirror on the example of the characters in the stories "Die linkshändige Frau" [The left-handed woman] and "Die Stunde der wahren Empfindung" [A Moment of True Feeling]. These characters strive for self-fulfilment and individualization at all costs with no respect for the needs of other family members. Therefore their morality and ethics are dubious and the motives of their actions are ultimately – as it turns out – egoism, infantility and emotional hollowness, which consequently leads to a break-up of their families.
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Content available

Bal-kan means penis

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EN
The character of alter ego of Ivana Sajko – croatian playwright – in the text a „Bomb Woman“, sends e-mails with a question “What would you do if you had twelve minutes and thirty seconds more?” to her friends and receives twenty-one replies. Among the answers there are eleven male and ten female voices. In my opinion, the proportion between male and female voices may be a significant interpretational clue. Does not it prove that the author aimed at maintaining political correctness in the text? The aim of this paper is to indicate gender inclinations of the contemporary Balcan authors basing on, among others, the following texts: „Bomb Woman“ by Ivana Sajko, „The other letter from 1920“ by Muharem Bazdulj and „Sahib“ by Nenad Veličković. Is not the protagonist’s detonationreferring again to Sajko’s text – on the symbolic level, an attempt to break with the myths of woman-mother and woman-mistress? Moreover, my goal is to demonstrate that the decisions concerning social interactions taken by the characters of the discussed texts, may be explained in psychoanalysis criteria, e.g. Oedipus complex.
PL
W treści artykułu omawiam użyteczność narzędzia Google Trends do badania wybranego obszaru płaszczyzny intratekstualnej dyskursu. We wstępie przypominam podstawowe założenia modelu DIMEAN (Diskurslinguistische Mehr-Ebenen-Analyse) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem interesującej mnie płaszczyzny i sposobów przeprowadzania analizy słowa. Na tak zarysowanym tle wskazuję możliwości wykorzystania Google Trends na przykładzie obserwacji słów kluczowych z zakresu dyskursu genderowego. Okazuje się, że zastosowanie narzędzia gromadzącego big data pozwala na ujawnienie mechanizmu przenoszenia słów kluczowych w przestrzeń słów stygmatów.
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PL
Przedmiotem rozważań w artykule jest płeć (gender) w rachunkowości, a jego głównym celem jest zbadanie „obecności” kobiet i mężczyzn w polskiej rachunkowości. Dla realizacji tego celu przyjęto metodę studiów literaturowych, metody ilościowe oraz analizę opisową i porównawczą. W pierwszej kolejności, na podstawie analizy literatury, naświetlono, czym zajmują się gender studies w rachunkowości. Następnie, przy wykorzystaniu danych pochodzących z blisko 100 źródeł, przedstawiono „obecność” kobiet i mężczyzn w obszarze edukacji, praktyki, polityki i nauki rachunkowości w Polsce. Wyniki badań wskazują z jednej strony na dominację ilościową kobiet w polskiej rachunkowości, lecz z drugiej sygnalizują nierówności w strukturze wynagrodzeń oraz szczebli zawodowych i naukowych. Artykuł jest (prawdopodobnie) pierwszym opracowaniem tego typu w kraju.
PL
Talarczyk-Gubała recenzuje książkę Małgorzaty Radkiewicz „Modernistki o kinie. Kobiety w polskiej krytyce i publicystyce filmowej 1918-1939” (2016). Na wstępie zauważa, że badaczka od lat konsekwentnie wzbogaca polską literaturą filmoznawczą o pozycje poświęcone sztuce i kinu kobiet, teorii i praktyce filmowego feminizmu oraz płci kulturowej. W omówieniu książki recenzentka szczegółowo przedstawia jej konstrukcję i najważniejsze tezy. Wskazuje, że tytułowe modernistki to kobiety nowoczesne, intelektualistki i miłośniczki kina, które zajmowały się działalnością naukową i krytycznofilmową, ale też wchodziły w amatorskie relacje z filmem, co przejawiało się w ich aktywności kinofilskiej. Talarczyk-Gubała zwraca uwagę, że najbardziej zajmujące są te fragmenty książki, w których czytamy o wzajemnych relacjach modernistek. Małgorzacie Radkiewicz udaje się w gąszczu informacji prasowych oraz innych archiwalnych dokumentów znaleźć dowody kontaktów towarzyskich między pisarkami, krytyczkami i kobietami kina, na przykład między Stefanią Zahorską, Franciszką Themerson i Marią Kuncewiczową. W zakończeniu recenzentka stwierdza, że otwierając najnowszą książkę Małgorzaty Radkiewicz, otwieramy kobiece archiwum polskiego dwudziestolecia międzywojennego.
EN
Talarczyk-Gubała reviews the book by Małgorzata Radkiewicz „Modernistki o kinie. Kobiety w polskiej krytyce i publicystyce filmowej 1918-1939” [„Modernists on cinema. Women in Polish Film Criticism and Journalism 1918-1939”] (2016). At the outset, she notes that the researcher has for years consistently enriched Polish film studies with publication dealing with the women’s arts and cinema, the theory and practice of film feminism and gender studies. The reviewer details the structure of the book and presents its key thesis. She points out that the title modernist women are modern intellectuals and cinema aficionados engaged in academia and film studies, but that they also entered amateur relationships with film, which was manifested in their cinematic activity. Talarczyk-Gubała points out that the most interesting fragments of the book deal with the relations between the modernists. Małgorzata Radkiewicz was able to find among press releases and other archival documents evidence of social contacts between writers, critics and women in cinema, for example between Stefania Zahorska, Franciszka Themerson and Maria Kuncewicz. In conclusion, the reviewer states that in opening the latest book by Małgorzata Radkiewicz, we open the Polish archive on the interwar period.
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Content available remote

Non stop dla gender w teatrze

94%
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2015
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vol. 64
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issue 1(253)
62-76
EN
Contemporary theatre, as it is conceived by theatre criticism, nowadays forces theatre scholars to apply feminist and gender theories. Gender-theory interpretation of Polish theatre tends to be sociologically oriented as well as interdisciplinary, multi-discursive, methodologically transgressive, whereas its symbolic paradigm is individualistic rather than universalistic, sub-jective rather than global and objective, and fragmentary rather than linear. The most popular in the theatre of today is Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity, which employs thea-tre-related categories. Thus, theatre, moving towards gender and sexual identity discourse, has become a training area for emancipatory struggles, infecting theatre research with the gender virus. Abject-focused strategies promoting that which is rejected, excluded or culturally stig-matised result in constructing a physiological aesthetic exposing human frustrations, hidden obsessions and secret yearnings onstage. Liberated from the duty of representation, the theatre has come to think that the world is made up of bodies that are mostly non-normative, ignored, persecuted, weak, injured, colo-nised, and therefore always political. It uses the figure of desire either as a prime vehicle of emancipation or as a principle of a post-transformational political narrative about Poland after the collapse of Communism, which inscribes gender strategies in the area of political economy and neoliberalism. Identity constructivism in theatre makes it possible to subversively shield normativeness of the theatre itself. So, for example, in Apocalypsis cum figuris by Grotowski one can see a parable on patriarchal ideology. Queer and gender studies while dismantling the violence of sexual identity myths defuse civilisation mythologies as well, thus placing theatre in the domain of postcolonial criticism. Therefore, if queer theory is conceived not only as a current of gender studies but also as a theory of social difference, it turns out to be an instru-ment of cultural criticism, a revolutionary strategy opposed to neoliberal culture.
EN
Biography was a prominent component of Maria Bogucka’s research output, encompassing reviews, encyclopaedic entries and extended articles. She would also publish four biographical monographs. Bogucka was very eager to include in her biographies, especially those relating to women rulers, colourful accounts, expressive assessments and controversial opinions. Her biographical writing was ‘journalistic’ in essence, and looked to make emotive links with the heroes and heroines of her studies. Sensitive to economic issues and changes which had taken place in the mentality of societies, Bogucka was also interested in writing biographical accounts of representatives of the bourgeois elites. Biography in Bogucka’s oeuvre allowed her to analyse historical figures’ lives insightfully, thus exploring outstanding individuals’ personal fates.
PL
Problemy poruszane w artykule w istocie odnoszą się do szeroko rozumianej socjologii płci i dyskursu z obszaru gender studies. Postawiłyśmy sobie następujące pytania badawcze: Na ile możliwa jest genderowa analiza dyskursu odnoszącego się do problematyki płci w odniesieniu do sytuacji zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa narodowego i walki? Na ile proces militaryzacji konstruuje role kobiet? Możemy zatem pokusić się o pytanie: Czy rzeczywiście żołnierz nie ma płci? W tekście podjęłyśmy próbę „napisania na nowo” wyrywku historii kobiet walczących – stąd analizie poddano teksty powstałe w rzeczywistości wojennej. Uznałyśmy, że pozwoli to na ukazanie ówczesnej perspektywy. Interesuje nas sam język przekazu, utrwalający schematy, archetypy, a być może na obrzeżach ukrywający nowe interpretacje. Do opisu tego posłużyła nam metoda analizy pól semantycznych. Jako teksty źródłowe wybrałyśmy teksty piosenek napisane w rzeczywistości wojennej, szczególnie tuż przed powstaniem warszawskim i w jego trakcie.
EN
The issues discussed in the article relate to sociology of gender and gender discourse in the area of gender studies. The following research questions were asked in this paper: Is it possible to adapt gender discourse analysis to the context of national security threats and fights? ‒ or in other words ‒ To what extend the process of militarization constructs the roles of women? Thus, is it true that a soldier does not have gender? The authors attempt to rewrite the history of militant women. Therefore, texts created in the times of war were analysed in the paper. Hopefully, it will show the contemporary perspective. The authors are interested in language, which preserves patterns and archetypes, but it may also reveal new interpretations. The semantic field analysis was used for the description and the lyrics written in the reality of war, especially ‒ just before and during the Warsaw Uprising were selected as source texts.
EN
The present article investigates the issue of gender differences in language use. We look at some essential notions indispensable in the analysis of language use such as context. We also present some of the ideas and theories related to the question whether there are systematic differences in the ways men and women use language introduced by scholars working within the frame of gender studies and sociolinguistics. The aforementioned ideas are integrated into our analysis of the linguistic material that comes from a popular motoring show Top Gear.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje kwestię różnic w użyciu języka, wynikających z płci interlokutorów. Przez analizę kluczowych pojęć (takich jak np. kontekst) oraz przegląd poglądów i teorii badaczy zajmujących się socjolingwistyką i problematyką gender autor stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy istnieją systematyczne różnice w użyciu języka wynikające z płci. Opierając rozważania na pojęciach, poglądach i teoriach wspomnianych powyżej, przeprowadza analizę materiału językowego pochodzącego z popularnego programu motoryzacyjnego Top Gear.
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