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EN
This article deals with the reception of Saussure's thought in Poland. Its primary goal is to do justice to the researchers who have contributed to the promotion of Saussure’s ideas in Polish linguistics in the sixties and seventies (of the last century), as well as to draw attention to misunderstandings that have arisen around the Course in General Linguistics among Polish linguists. The paper consists of two main parts. The first part presents the supporters of the theory, namely Jerzy Kuryłowicz, Leon Zawadowski, Adam Heinz and Andrzej Bogusławski, and the second part its most ardent opponents, that is to say Witold Doroszewski and Witold Mańczak. The author’s attempt is to refute their main objections.
EN
The article discusses several methodological problems contained in Saussure’s works. General linguistics, a new discipline postulated by the author, was to be founded on linguistic details and at the same time focus on the fundamental and universal mechanisms of speech. Saussure did not consider general linguistics a part of natural sciences or of historical studies; he indicated logic as the discipline that can provide the appropriate tools for an adequate description of language. According to him, the subject of research in linguistics is not given in advance; instead, it depends entirely on the chosen point of view. Internal divisions of the discipline, especially the distinction between the linguistics of “langue” and the linguistics of “parole”, follows, firstly, from the dual nature of language, and secondly, from Saussure’s teaching about the legitimate points of view.
EN
The paper describes Witold Mańczak’s contribution to the development of general and theoretical linguistics in the last fifty years. Against the background of his monistic notion of language as a material entity, this author presents Mańczak’s critical evaluation of the methodological apparatus of paradigms which came after the inductive historical-comparative linguistics. The analysis focuses primarily on Mańczak’s criticism of Ferdinand de Saussure’s notion of language.
EN
The aim or the article is to show the selected tendencies in the development of the linguistic map of the world, undergoing constant change, the result of which is some languages spreading further, while others are not being used anymore (are dying out). In a broader perspective, two opposing processes can be seen in this change – spreading and diminishing (expansion and recession) of the entire language families.
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