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1
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Rozważania kosmologiczne na temat ogólnej teorii względności

100%
Einstein A.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2017
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issue 63
183-204
PL
A. Einstein, “Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie” (“Cosmological considerations on the general theory of relativity”), Sitzung der Physikalisch-mathematischen Klasse vom 8. Februar 1917, „Sitzungsberichte der Preußischen Akad. d. Wissenschaften, 1917”, pp. 142–152. Translated to Polish from original German work by Robert Janusz.
2
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Między mikroświatem a makroświatem

80%
Grygiel W.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2012
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issue 50
46-62
PL
The current 50th issue of Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce) summarizes the efforts of both philosophers and scientists to understand how a broader philosophical context sets the stage for the development of scientific research, with physics playing a leading role. In particular, the paper reviews the content of the last twenty-five issues of the journal with an emphasis on the philosophical problems that arise in the practice of physics. The overview reveals that these problems reflect the main conceptual division in physics between the treatment of the micro-world described by quantum mechanics and the macro-world governed by the general theory of relativity. Both of these theories, taken separately, generate a host of philosophical concerns such as their proper interpretation (Bell’s Theorem and its consequences) or the meaning and the eventual validity of the notions of space and time. Other philosophical problems in physics, such as chaos and determinism, are also considered. The authors are well aware that the formulation of the future theory of quantum gravity will be a demanding task requiring profound philosophical reflection.
3
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O względności bezwładności. Uwagi dotyczące ostatniej hipotezy Einsteina (Przedstawione na spotkaniu 31 III 1917)

80%
de Sitter W.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2017
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issue 63
205-222
PL
W. de Sitter, „On the relativity of inertia. Remarks concerning Einstein’s latest hypothesis”, Proceedings of the Section of Sciences. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Vol. XIX, No. 9 i 10, Johannes Müller, Amsterdam, September 1917, pp. 1217–1225 (section: „Mechanics”). Translated to Polish by Robert Janusz.
4
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Some remarks on the first image of a black hole

53%
Szybka S. J.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2020
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issue 68
281-294
EN
On the 10th of April, 2019 the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration presented the first image of the black hole. The image was obtained with a planet-scale array of eight ground-based radio telescopes. The observation relied on a technique called very long base interferometry which synchronises telescope facilities around the world. The image of a black hole together with the recent detections of gravitational waves confirms one of the most intriguing predictions of Einstein’s gravity theory, namely, the existence of black holes. I will provide more details on this remarkable observation and explore its consequences for our understanding of nature. The physical reality of black holes is strongly supported by recent advances of astronomy. I claim that this fact is the key to understanding the relation between our world and the world of mathematics.
5
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Czasoprzestrzeń – część struktury czy strukturalny aspekt? Ontologia czasoprzestrzeni w kontekście umiarkowanego ontycznego realizmu strukturalnego

51%
Luty D.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 4
83-106
EN
The position called Moderate Ontic Structural Realism, presented by Michael Esfeld and Vincent Lam, is described and criticised. Three theses are proposed. First, that the regarded position is intertwined with treating Spacetime as a property (or aspect) of the gravitational field. Second, that the metaphysics of properties used in Moderate Ontic Structural Realism leads to unfortunate consequences such as abandoning the equality of heuristics of constructing representations of gravity in General Relativity. Finally, the third thesis is that Spacetime should be interpreted metaphysically as part of a wider gravitational structure. After a summary of Esfeld’s and Lam’s position, reference to the issue of the equality of heuristics is presented as a critical perspective. A criticism of Moderate Ontic Structural Realism is formulated and further postulates about the ontology of Spacetime are proposed. In conclusion, an answer to the question stated in the title is suggested: spacetime is a part of the structure.
PL
Opisane i skrytykowane zostaje stanowisko umiarkowanego ontycznego realizmu strukturalnego, zaproponowane przez Michaela Esfelda i Vincenta Lama. Postawione są trzy tezy: pierwsza, że odnośne stanowisko uwikłane jest w traktowanie czasoprzestrzeni jako własności (aspektu) pola grawitacyjnego; druga – wykorzystanie przez to stanowisko metafizyki własności generuje niepożądane konsekwencje w postaci odrzucenia równoważności heurystyk służących do budowania reprezentacji grawitacji w ogólnej teorii względności; trzecia, że czasoprzestrzeń powinna być metafizycznie interpretowana jako element szerszej struktury grawitacyjnej. Stanowisko Esfelda i Lama zostaje zrekonstruowane, odniesienie do zagadnienia heurystyk budowania reprezentacji grawitacji przedstawione jest jako perspektywa krytyczna, zrealizowana zostaje krytyka umiarkowanego ontycznego realizmu strukturalnego i przedstawione zostają z niej wnioski oraz dalsze postulaty dotyczące ontologii czasoprzestrzeni. Na pytanie postawione w tytule zostaje udzielona odpowiedź, że czasoprzestrzeń to część struktury.
6
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Mała książka o wielkim wszechświecie

41%
Szybka S. J.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2021
|
issue 71
203-209
EN
We live in extraordinary times for cosmologists. A vast amount of new astronomical data is pushing our model of the universe to its limits. An interest in cosmology is growing. The Little Book of Cosmology by Lyman Page is a concise up-to-date approachable introduction to the topic.
7
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Zagadnienia holizmu w kontekście relacjonizmu i strukturalizmu

41%
Luty D., Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
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2016
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vol. 35 B (4B)
EN
Two positions in which the mode of existence of Spacetime is considered are reconstructed — relationism and structuralism (I discuss the version of structuralism one can find in the so-called Ontic Structural Realism). I present and describe the notion of gravitational nonlocalities, at which one arrives through the difficulties with formulating laws of energy conservation in General Relativity. I state and try to defend a thesis, that the above difficulty may rise two different „weak” holisms on the ground of each mentioned position.
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