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Studia Semiotyczne
|
2017
|
vol. 31
|
issue 2
77–112
EN
What is the scope of a semantic theory consistent with the theoretical assumptions adopted by the generative program? In this paper I will show that the linguistic theory generically known as generative grammar is an extremely coherent Scientific Research Program and within this descriptive framework it’s possible to characterize the main features of an I-semantics. First, will be presented the hardcore of the generative program, its heuristics and Chomsky’s criticism towards formal semantics. Second, I will compare two approaches: the denotational approach by Larson and Segal and the intensional approach by Paul Pietroski. I argue in favor of Pietroski’s approach, because it is more coherent with the core assumptions of the generative program. The main argument is that syntax, in the context of the generative program is explanatory and, in this very context, semantics is not. Therefore, in order to account for the explanatory role of syntax in the generative program it is necessary to review certain foundational assumptions commonly accepted in formal semantics.
EN
The author of the paper aims at providing a description of the syntax of the prepositions znad, spod, sprzed, zza; sponad, spopod, spoza, spomiędzy, spośród with respect to their structure and meaning. The method of analysis is based on the Minimalist Program. The content of the paper focuses on issues relating to reconstruction of the form of the phrases with these prepositions and reconstruction of the hierarchy of the components in the syntactic structures.
PL
Afazja to zaburzenie komunikacji językowej u osób dorosłych, które przebyły incydent neurologiczny uszkadzający centralny układ nerwowy. Zainteresowanie tym zaburzeniem wśród naukowców wielu dziedzin wzrastało z uwagi na pandemiczny przyrost chorych dotkniętych udarami mózgu, które są główną przyczyną rozpadu kompetencji językowej. Badaniom medycznym, gerontologicznym, psychologicznym towarzyszy rozwój metodologii lingwistycznej, która — zgodnie z postulatem Romana Jakobsona — opis patomechanizmu zaburzenia rozpoczyna od języka. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi przegląd najważniejszych metodologii lingwistycznych XX wieku pod względem ich wkładu w rozwój współczesnej myśli afazjologicznej. Kryterium nadrzędnym przyświecającym prezentowanym analizom stała się ocena ich przydatności w zrozumieniu języka w rozkładzie.
EN
Aphasia is a communication disorder of adults that results from damage to the central nervous system. It gains an increasing interest among scientists due to the increasing number of patients with stroke. Along with medical, psychological and psychiatric research we observe the development of linguistic methodology which begins to describe the pathogenesis disorder with an analysis of the language system — as requested by Roman Jakobson. This paper provides an overview of the most important linguistic thought: structuralism, generativism and cognitivism and their input in understending the aphasia. Overriding criterion that guided the present analysis is to evaluate their usefulness in understanding the disintegration of the language system.
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