Search results

1

Inteligencja a świadomość

100%

Stanisławek J.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

|

2016

|

issue 62

5-19

XX

According to the author, intelligence is not connected immanently with the awareness. Awareness is the final form of feeling, but there are intelligent objects which are not aware and which do not feel anything. The examples are presented in the genetic codes of particular species and, for instance, in an anthill. These both structure can solve their problems without external help and it is the essence of each intelligence. A human being is a combination of three elements of existence: matter, applications saved in brain (thus abstract objects) and non-spatial self (the object of a spiritual nature). The human intelligence is independent of awareness even though it co-exists and connected with it.

2

Kryterium genetyczne w sporze o aborcję

86%

Rutkowski M.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

|

2013

|

issue nr 22

33-66

EN

In the article I claim that the problem of abortion cannot be solved by referring to such biological fact, as having human genetic code by any prenatal being.

3

Ochrona danych genetycznych jako danych osobowych

72%

Mednis A.

Studia Iuridica

|

2018

|

vol. 73

85-103

PL

Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person is considered personal data, and as such, is protected by data protection laws. There are, however, a few specific categories of personal data related to the intimate sphere of life, the processing of which is, in principle, prohibited, unless one of several exceptions occurs. Although, early data protection regulations distinguished the state of health as specific category of data, genetic data were not treated as such. Therefore, in the light of Convention 108 (adopted in 1981) and Directive 1995/46, genetic data were treated as “ordinary” personal data. The Polish Data Protection Act from 1997 went further than the Directive 95/46 and listed “genetic code” among specific categories of data. However, the term “genetic code” was not defined in the Act and in practice caused a lot interpretation problems. The General Data Protection Regulation, adopted in 2016 and replacing national laws, including Polish data Protection Act, enumerates genetic data among specific categories of data. In the light of the GDPR “genetic data” means personal data relating to the inherited or acquired genetic characteristics of a natural person which give unique information about the physiology or the health of that natural person and which result, in particular, from an analysis of a biological sample from the natural person in question.

4

Báze nejsou písmena

58%

Matlach V., Faltýnek D.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

|

2016

|

vol. 7

|

issue 1

20-38

EN

In this paper we show some interpretation of the genetic code design. We proceed from the discovery of DNA structure to current stage of the molecular biology. Generally we introduce the basic semiotic assumptions of molecular biology in the description of the structure of DNA, proteins and genetic code. We focus on interpretations of Francis Crick, another molecular biologists, biosemioticians and linguists. For the aims of the paper we describe some fundaments of molecular biology. Core of our text is quantitative analysis (n-gram structure, Zipf ’s law) of mRNA strings and natural language text. We take into consideration representative quantitative analysis of DNA, RNA and proteins too. Our analysis of mRNA confirms the assumption that the design of the genetic code cannot analogize DNA bases and letters.

5

Teleologia i pochodzenie ewolucji

58%

Garte S.

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

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2018

|

vol. 15

461-482

PL

Ewolucja darwinowska nie jest synonimem zmiany, lecz wyjątkowym procesem biologicznym. Biochemiczny mechanizm ewolucji jest inny niż wynikało to z obserwacji Darwina dotyczących dziedzicznej zmienności i doboru naturalnego. Kluczem do ewolucji biologicznej jest ścisły związek między dziedziczonym genotypem a zależnym od genów fenotypem. Dzięki temu związkowi fenotyp może stanowić przedmiot selekcji. Jest teoretycznie możliwe, by pewne formy życia nie podlegały ewolucji. Pochodzenie życia i pochodzenie ewolucji to dwa odrębne problemy badawcze. Klasyczny problem teleologii w biologii da się rozwiązać dzięki starannemu zbadaniu mechanizmu odpowiadającego za związek między genotypem a fenotypem, czyli mechanizmu syntezy białek lub systemu translacji. Ten mechanizm przekształcania chemii kwasów nukleinowych w chemię białek może stanowić fundamentalne źródło teleonomii i wewnętrznej teleologii w organizmach żywych.

EN

Darwinian evolution is not synonymous with change; it is a uniquely biological process. The biochemical mechanism of evolution is distinct from the observations made by Darwin on hereditable variation and natural selection. The key to biological evolution is a tight linkage between inheritable genotype and gene-directed phenotype, which allows the phenotype to be the target of selection. It is theoretically possible for some forms of life to exist without evolution; thus, the origin of life and the origin of evolution are two separate research questions. The classical problem of teleology in biology may be approached by a close examination of the mechanism behind the universal genotype-phenotype linkage: the protein synthesis or translation system. This solution to the problem of converting nucleic acid chemistry into protein chemistry may be the fundamental root of teleonomy and inherent teleology in living organisms.

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1 Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

1 Edukacja Filozoficzna

1 Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

1 Studia Iuridica

1 Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

2 2018

2 2016

1 2013

1 Faltýnek D.

1 Garte S.

1 Matlach V.

1 Mednis A.

1 Rutkowski M.

1 Stanisławek J.

Inteligencja a świadomość

Kryterium genetyczne w sporze o aborcję

Ochrona danych genetycznych jako danych osobowych

Báze nejsou písmena

Teleologia i pochodzenie ewolucji