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Are we prepared in Poland to promote genetic testing?

100%
Witt M.
Nauka
|
2020
|
issue 2
EN
The extremely rapid development of modern techniques for analyzing the human genome, both in the field of scientific research and diagnostic applications, entails a variety of problems whose solution lags far behind our current technological capabilities. These problems appear in the ethical, social, legal or religious spheres and include such detailed issues as e.g. examination of children for diseases manifested in adulthood, accidental (secondary) results being a side effect of the analysis of the whole genome, the growing offer of tests directed directly to the recipient, patenting of genetic information, confidentiality of genetic data and their availability to third parties, availability of genetic counselling, etc. The legal regulation of these problems, the list of which is growing at an alarming rate, still remains in the sphere of declarations, and its shift to the sphere of real actions seems to be lagging further and further back in time. Do patients, laboratory diagnoses, doctors still have to be held hostage by the legislative impotence?
2
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„Prawo do niewiedzy” w kontekście istoty testu genetycznego jako sprawy dotyczącej całej rodziny. Rozważania na tle projektu ustawy o testach genetycznych wykonywanych dla celów zdrowotnych

100%
Haberko J.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2014
|
issue 2(42)
45-64
EN
The text examines the draft law on genetic testing for health purposes. Considerations are carried out in the context of the “right to ignorance” and the situation of family members of the patient. The author, in her analysis, concentrates on the principle of the informed consent and the right to respect for patient’s private life, in particular to protection of his or her personal data derived from a genetic test. There is no legal regulation of the genetic testing under the Polish law. However, it is an important issue that requires an intervention of the legislator. The author reflects that where the results of a genetic test undertaken on a person can be relevant to the health of other family members, the person tested shall be informed and these members should be informed as well.
3

Granice dopuszczalności przeprowadzania testów genetycznych w celach medycznych u osób małoletnich. Rozważania na tle Europejskiej Konwencji Bioetycznej

88%
Zoń K. M.
Prawo
|
2014
|
issue 316/1
205 - 219
EN
The present study concerns the problem which is related to the inherent conflict between the protection of human rights and the possibilities offered by modern medical technology. Moreover, such specific topic as genetic tests is analyzed in relation to the particular entity like minors. The attempt at solving the above issue is Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine and Additional Protocol concerning Genetic Testing for Health Purposes. In accordance with the above-mentioned provision, minors require more intensive protection because of their incapacity to form legal situation by themselves. The most essential is general principle established significantly restriction in the possibility of genetic tests. All strictly formulated terms required cumulative fulfilment. This special regulation ensure in appropriate way respect for the rights and interests of minors To sum up, carrying out genetic tests for health purposes on minors are permitted exceptionally. The above thesis finds support in rules of international law which set standards in this area.
4
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W poszukiwaniu Piastów

71%
Handschuh L., Stolarek I., Juras A., Zeńczak M., Marcinkowska-Swojak M., Myszka A., Trzciński D., Losik-Sidorska A., Wojtczak J., Philips A., Różański A., Dębski A., Kozłowski P., Matla M., Dobosz J., Jasiński T., Piontek J., Kóčka-Krenz H., Figlerowicz M.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2016
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vol. 14
|
issue 4 (2)
63-77
EN
The origin of the Piast dynasty is a matter of lively discussions and disputes. At least a few controversial hypotheses exist, but their credibility is difficult to assess due to the scarcity of written as well as material sources, especially from the time of Polish state formation. Life sciences, however, can support history and archeology. Application of genetic tests, used earlier mainly in forensic laboratories, enabled identification of the remains of King Richard III, the Romanov dynasty members and Nicolaus Copernicus. Contemporary DNA studies, based on next generation DNA sequencing, outreach the narrow area of known markers such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and selected regions of Y chromosome. Although ancient DNA (aDNA), extracted from remains, is usually highly degraded and contaminated with genetic material of microorganisms, there are methods which allow for the analysis of such material and retrieval of information about origin, kinship and some phenotypic features of an individual. Genetic studies of the Piast dynasty, a subject of our research project, have to deal with numerous difficulties. In or der to gain access to bone samples, we need to meet a number of formal requirements. Moreover, despite the existence of available abundant documentation on the Piast burials, the actual situation is not always consistent with the written sources. Our first experiences show how difficult it is to localize the remains, identify them and extract DNA of sufficient quality.
5
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Wykorzystanie testów genetycznych w postępowaniach o ustalenie ojcostwa

63%
Krekora-Zając D.
Problemy Kryminalistyki
|
2014
|
issue 286
PL
Przedmiotem opracowania jest analiza wpływu dostępności testów genetycznych na ustalenie pochodzenia dziecka od ojca. Niewątpliwie testy genetyczne ustalające pokrewieństwo stały się jednym z najczęściej komercyjnie wykonywanymi testami genetycznymi. Są one przeprowadzane zarówno indywidualnie jak również dla postępowań sądowych. Niewątpliwie powszechność stosowania testów genetycznym w celu wykluczenia pokrewieństwa stało się bardzo częstą praktyką sądową. Ponadto jak się wydaje właśnie z uwagi na fakt, że testy genetyczny dają niemalże pewność w zakresie ustalania pokrewieństwa zmieniono również regulacja kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego opierając stosunek ojcostwa na pewności co do pokrewieństwa genetycznego. Analizie poddano zarówno regulacje kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego jak również orzeczenia sądowe w celu wskazania charakteru dowodu z testów genetycznych oraz jego wpływu na ustalenie ojcostwa.
EN
The objective of the study involves testing the influence of accessibility of DNA tests, on paternity determination. Without doubt, DNA tests determining the family relationship have become one of the most frequently performed genetic tests commercially. They are carried out both at individual request, as well as for use in judicial proceedings. Undoubtedly, the common use of DNA tests to exclude consanguinity has become very popular in judicial practice. Moreover, it seems that due to the fact that DNA tests are quite accurate in determining blood relations, the regulations of the Family and Guardianship Code have been changed in order to base paternity on the certainty of genetic relation. The study also involved the regulations of the Family and Guardianship Code as well as judicial decisions in order to indicate the nature of evidence from genetic testing and its impact on paternity recognition.
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