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1

Wpatrujący się w chmury

100%

Kossowska-Cezak U.

Awazymyz. Pismo historyczno-społeczno-kulturalne Karaimów

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2018

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vol. 29

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issue 4 (61)

8-11

PL

Jubileusz 70-lecia „Przeglądu Geofizycznego” zbiega się z 40. rocznicą śmierci jego zasłużonego, wieloletniego (1954–1972) redaktora naczelnego Ananiasza Rojeckiego. Już na wstępie należy jednak zaznaczyć, że A. Rojecki położył wielkie zasługi nie tylko dla nadania i utrzymania wysokiego poziomu czasopisma, ale był jednocześnie członkiem-założycielem i zasłużonym działaczem Polskiego Towarzystwa Geofizycznego, autorem licznych publikacji, zamiłowanym badaczem historii meteorologii i oddanym klimatologii erudytą. Był człowiekiem o szerokiej wiedzy i krytycznym podejściu do wielu powszechnie akceptowanych prac naukowych, a także nauczycielem kilku pokoleń.

2

Zastosowanie metody georadarowej w badaniach dawnej architektury: relikty gotyckiego kościoła w Trzygłowie/Trieglaff (gm. Gryfice, Pomorze Zachodnie)

63%

Welc F.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2023

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vol. 30

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issue 1

EN

The ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method has been used for many years in archaeological research. However, this method is still not widely used in studies of past architecture. The biggest problem in implementing the GPR in sites with archaeological relics are the extensive layers of rubble, leveling, vegetation, and infrastructure elements which significantly hinder the measurement and interpretation of the results obtained. Despite these limitations, properly planned and executed GPR studies, even in a small area, can provide very significant information on the remains of ancient buildings located underground. Moreover, the results of GPR profiling, integrated with historical data, allow for a three-dimensional reconstruction of searched architectural relics, not preserved above ground. An example may be the results of an GPR studies, presented in this article, performed on relics of the Gothic church of St. Elisabeth at Trzygłów (village in the commune of Gryfice, north – western Poland). This building was demolished in 1955. The results of the geophysical reconnaissance combined with a search of archival material, made it possible to visualise spatially (3D) the appearance of the non-existent church and, so to speak, reintroduce it to the local community. It seems that such a comprehensive approach should be standard in contemporary geophysical research focusing on the relics of past architecture.

PL

Metoda georadarowa jest od wielu lat stosowana z powodzeniem w archeologii. Zaczyna być również standardem w nieinwazyjnych badaniach dawnej architektury. Największym problemem w implementacji tej metody na stanowiskach z reliktami architektonicznymi są rozległe warstwy gruzu, niwelacje, roślinność oraz elementy infrastruktury, które znacząco utrudniają pomiar oraz interpretację uzyskanych wyników. Pomimo tych ograniczeń, prawidłowo zaplanowane i wykonane badania georadarowe, nawet na niewielkim obszarze, mogą dostarczyć bardzo istotnych informacji dotyczących znajdujących się pod ziemią pozostałości dawnych budowli. Co więcej, wyniki profilowania georadarowego zintegrowane z danymi historycznymi pozwalają na trójwymiarową rekonstrukcję niezachowanego na powierzchni ziemi zabytku. Przykładem mogą być prezentowane w niniejszym artykule wyniki badań georadarowych reliktów gotyckiego kościoła św. Elżbiety w Trzygłowie (dawniej Trieglaff – wieś w gminie Gryfice, północno-zachodnia Polska). Świątynię tą rozebrano w 1955 roku. Wyniki rozpoznania geofizycznego w połączeniu z kwerendą materiałów archiwalnych pozwoliły na zobrazowanie przestrzenne (3D) wyglądu nieistniejącego już kościoła i niejako ponowne przywrócenie go lokalnej społeczności. Zaprezentowane tu podejście powinno być standardem w badanych architektonicznych zabytkowych budowli z użyciem metod nieinwazyjnych, co autor niniejszego opracowania proponuje określić terminem geofizyka architektury.

3

Biskupin... i co z tego? Wiedza totalna w kontekście rozwoju prospekcji

51%

Wroniecki P.

Studia Lednickie

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2020

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vol. 19

59-80

PL

Over the past two decades, archaeologists have been steadily opening up with regards to the use of metal detectors. However, there is still debate about who, when, where and on what terms should they be allowed to be used. Reflecting on this issue, it is impossible to resist the impression that this problem is only one of many symptoms of a certain unfinished, broader discussion about approaches to recognising archaeological monuments. In this process the use of metal detectors already has an established role. The methodology of their application has been refined over years of practice and adapted to the nuances of archaeological fieldwork. So, when looking for a place for detectors in archaeological research, we are really discussing the role of metal detectors as one of the methods in the holistic archaeological cognitive process known as archeological prospection. In practice archaeological prospection involves a search and documentation procedure that is based on the overarching principle of the application of various imperfect methods that complement each other. In the context of prospection in Poland, the currently dominant and common archaeological documentation is based on single method recognition, namely field-walking, as part of the Archaeological Picture of Poland (AZP) programme. Although the creators of the AZP themselves were aware of its imperfections and limitations, currently the perception of this documentation has undergone a severe primitisization. From my perspective the problem around AZP is the uncritical use of this data. For example, it was somehow forgotten that what was marked in the AZP records are not de facto “archaeological sites”, but a positive record of places where it was possible to observe finds on the surface (mostly pottery and flint), thus leading to an extremely biased and incomplete record. The incomplete recognition of archaeological monuments has a number of consequences that are difficult to accept. They are worsened by the fact that the effect of the single method AZP has customarily become the official record of monuments. Something that was inherently incomplete became the “objective” foundation for administrative decisions. This is manifested, for example, by accidental – costly – discoveries or, the even more harmful, complete omission and destruction of monuments during various construction investments. The problem of knowledge based on one method and competing specialisations does not only apply to archaeology. This phenomenon has been described by V. Frankl, an Austrian philosopher, who noticed the harmful effects of the fragmentary view of specialists on human nature. Thus the key problem is not that we have not yet decided which method is the best, but the view that only one method is appropriate. As long as archaeologists believe that all potential knowledge can be acquired through one ideal method, it will be difficult to take a step forward. We are stuck in an unsolvable and idle dispute. AZP, excavations, metal detectors or geophysics, are just one of many ways to explore the past elements of a larger whole in which archaeological prospection plays a fundamental role.

4

Zastosowanie metod akustycznych i magnetycznych w poszukiwaniu obiektów archeologicznych na przykładzie jeziora Lednica

38%

Pydyn A., Hac B., Popek M.

Studia Lednickie

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2019

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vol. 18

179-193

EN

Noninvasive surveys and prospections are a new dynamic trend in contemporary archaeology. They represent a trend of multidisciplinary analyses of cultural heritage. Due to limited access to technology, these methods are still not widely used in underwater archaeology, in particular in inland reservoirs. For this reason a team from the Department of Underwater Archaeology of the Institute of Archaeology at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń in cooperation with the Maritime Institute in Gdańsk, the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica and the Scientific Association of Polish Archaeologists (Warsaw branch), planned and completed a project Kolebka Piastów — archeologiczne prospekcje podwodne w rejonie jeziora Lednickiego in 2017. The project was financed by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage under the following programme: Cultural heritage, priority: The protection of archaeological monuments. In the course of the project a multibeam probe, a subbottom profiler and a magnetometer were used to conduct surveys. If the conditions and assumptions of the project allowed, a direct underwater verification was conducted. Due to multibeam sonar it is possible to obtain a reliable spatial picture of a lake bottom in high resolution, e.g. 100 or more measurement points for each m2 of the bottom, which enables one to conduct a detailed overview of a surface of the research area and objects lying on it. This method turned out to be the most effective during verification and resulted in the localization of a new medieval bridge in Lednica lake. Using a subbottom sediment profiler is at the moment the only noninvasive method of searching for non-magnetic objects sunk into the bottom. After applying it on a recognized object, such as the Poznań bridge, and after receiving the positive results, it may be assumed — with high probability — that this technology will succeed in the search for other wooden archaeological structures located in subbottom sediments. Magnetometric measurements are the next technology which was used in the researched reservoir. They are indispensable when noninvasive large scale searches of metal objects with magnetic signatures are conducted e.g. the objects made of iron or steel. In the area of Lednica lake several objects with a magnetic signature were localized. In the course of research in Lednica, three types of noninvasive prospections were applied: hydroacoustics (a multibeam probe), seismology (subbottom sediment profiler) and magnetics (Caesium magnetometer). Each of these methods helps to localize other objects and gives very interesting results; however, only after all three have been used is it possible to obtain a precise picture of the bottom of the lake together with anomalies, which to a large extent can have anthropogenic origins. It seems that the future of underwater archaeology is closely related to the described noninvasive surveys. Unfortunately it will be more difficult to achieve in shallow inland reservoirs than in sea waters, where these technologies have already been introduced for some time now.

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Wpatrujący się w chmury

Zastosowanie metody georadarowej w badaniach dawnej architektury: relikty gotyckiego kościoła w Trzygłowie/Trieglaff (gm. Gryfice, Pomorze Zachodnie)

Biskupin... i co z tego? Wiedza totalna w kontekście rozwoju prospekcji

Zastosowanie metod akustycznych i magnetycznych w poszukiwaniu obiektów archeologicznych na przykładzie jeziora Lednica