Search results

1

Ruch, gest, gestykulacja w tekstach specjalistycznych i niespecjalistycznych

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Heliasz-Nowosielska C.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2018

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issue 25

255-269

EN

The paper presents a comparative study between expressions of the general language and specialist terms with a similar scope. All the analysed expressions of the general language, i.e. mostly units and constructions with the morphemes -ruch-, -gest-, pokaz-, and -mig-, describe in contemporary Polish motional actions of humans. As shown by contradiction tests, some of them are in addition limited to only relaying communicatively significant hand movements, revealing the existing linguistic opposition between movement and gesture, cf. -ruch- vs -gest-. An analogous contrast can also be found in the specialist language, cf. e.g. McNeill (1992) or Poggi (2007), where however gesture is used as an umbrella term for all expressive movements, cf. e.g. Kendon (2004), Lynn (2011, 2014). Furthermore, Kendon’s 1980 distinction between gesture and gesticulation understood as expressive hand movements accompanying speech, is considered to be a novel finding. It is however not taken into account that this opposition has been known to the general language for at least several hundred years and may well have been the (unwitting) inspiration for Kendon. This fact emphasizes the usefulness of research into communicative phenomena in the context of analyses of the general (meta)language.

2

Gesture, meaning-making, and embodiment: Second language learning in an elementary classroom

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Rosborough A. A.

Journal of Pedagogy

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

227-250

EN

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediational role of gesture and body movement/positioning between a teacher and an English language learner in a second-grade classroom. Responding to Thibault’s (2011) call for understanding language through whole-body sense making, aspects of gesture and body positioning were analyzed for their role as mediational tools for meaning making during a math assignment. Analysis of the teacher-student dyad provides insight as to how they moved from simply exchanging answers to using positions and gestures to embody meaning and feelings, thus establishing strategic ways to solve communication problems in the future. A shift to embodying the communication task provided new meanings not previously afforded while sitting at a desk. Combining a Gibsonian (1979) ecological perspective with Vygotskian (1978, 1986) sociocultural theory provides a way to view the role of embodiment in the social practice of second language learning (van Lier, 2004). Findings provide evidence that gesture along with bodily positions and [inter]actions play a central role in this dyadic meaning- making experience. The data demonstrate the interactive nature of the semiotic resources of the activity (i.e., speech, gesture/hands, math graph, whiteboard), with their materialized bodily/speech-voiced acts coinciding with Thibault’s (2004, 2011) explanation of human meaning-making activity as a hybrid phenomenon that includes a cross-coupled relationship between semiotic affordances and physical-material body activity. This perspective embraces Vygotsky’s (1978, 1997a) view of dialectical development including the importance of psychological and materialized-physical tools such as gesture in dealing with language learning processes (McNeill, 2012).

3

Thoughts on the table: Gesture as a tool for thinking in blind and visually impaired children

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Jelec A., Jaworska D.

Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting

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2014

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vol. 1

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issue 1

EN

The theory of embodiment (Lakoff and Johnson 2003; Gibbs et al. 2004) explains the origin of meaning by postulating that thought is influenced by sensorimotor experience (Robbins and Aydede 2009). However, the relation between the body, mind and environment is not unidirectional. Not only do we derive information from the world, but we are also able to use it as an extension of the mind through epistemic actions, strategies that minimize the cognitive load by offloading it onto the environment (Kirsh and Maglio 1994). This paper investigates the potential of gesture as epistemic action. 12 blind and severely visually impaired children and young adults, as well as a control group of 7 young adults were interviewed for the purpose of the study. Participants were asked to explain a set of abstract and concrete concepts while their speech and gestures were recorded. If gesture indeed plays a role in reducing the mental load by externalizing thought, more gestures should be produced for concepts that are more difficult to describe (in this case: abstract, intangible concepts). Qualitative data analysis, as well as simple statistical analyses of gesture type, number and gesture per word rates show that abstract concepts do not generate more gestures, but do prompt blind and visually impaired speakers to use simulation gestures. These gestures constitute reenactments of situations associated with a given concept by the respondent. They are also thought to confirm the embodied cognition hypothesis (Hostetter and Alibali 2008). A number of examples demonstrates that abstract concepts in blind children are strongly grounded in their experience of real-world situations. Findings suggest that gesture is not merely a tool for communication, but a way of extending the capabilities of the mind.

4

Human body-gesture capacity: the tense – lax distinction: a preliminary outline of research work

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Puppel J.

Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia

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2018

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issue 18

73-81

PL

In phonology, the terms ‘tenseness’ (tensing) and ‘laxness’ (laxing) are an important pair pertaining to the distinctive features of vowels. A similar dichotomy, ‘tenseness’ – ‘laxness’, can also be observed in the body-gesture (B-G) behaviors. On the basis of this distinction, the author of the article proposes to make a division between two body–gesture cultures, namely: the ‘lax B-G cultures’, and the ‘tense B-G cultures’, respectively. Additionally, the author constructs two working hypotheses. Namely:Hypothesis no. 1 (H1):(H1a): The laxer the B-G system is, the less ritual (and more casual) a given communication act happens to be.(H1b): The relationship “lax body posture + lax gesture” correlates with full spoken, profane (non-ritual) communication potential.Hypothesis no. 2 (H2):(H2a): The tenser the B-G system is, the more ritual a given communication act happens to be.(H2b): The relationship “tense body posture + tense gesture” correlates with full spoken, ritual (nonprofane) communication potential.

5

Modelling gesture as speech: A linguistic approach

88%

Gibbon D.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2011

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vol. 47

470

EN

Gesture communication, like prosody and paralinguistic voice features, strikes the attention when there is too little of it, too much of it, or when it does not seem to fit the words or the situation. The present study follows the principle that gesture is similar to some aspects of speech, particularly prosody and parts of the lexicon. Description of visual gesture articulation is therefore treated as a conservative extension of descriptions of vocal speech gesture articulation. Well-tried models of speech forms and functions are deployed, together with accounts from gesture studies from psychology to robotics. Evidence is taken from video data of story-telling in Ega, an African language, and in German, and the adequacy of descriptive and computational models of the forms and functions of speech is discussed, with a proposal for the formal modelling of speech-like timing of gesture articulators by means of Time Types in the Linear-Feature-Timing-Realtime (LFTR) model. Finally, an integrative model for combining visual and vocal gesture articulations into a comprehensive functional model of multimodal communication is proposed: the Rank Interpretation Model (RIM).

6

Left/right and front/back in sign, speech, and co-speech gestures: What do data from Turkish Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, American Sign Language, Turkish, Croatian, and English reveal?

88%

Arik E.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2011

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vol. 47

442

EN

Research has shown that spoken languages differ from each other in their representation of space. Using hands, body, and physical space in front of signers to represent space, do sign languages differ from each other? To what extent are they similar to spoken languages in their expressions of spatial relations? The present study targeted these questions by exploring the descriptions of static situations in sign languages (Turkish Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, American Sign Language) and spoken languages, including co-speech gestures (Turkish, Croatian, and English). It is found that signed and spoken languages differ from each other in their linguistic constructions for the left/right and front/back spatial relation. They also differ from one another in their mapping strategies. Crucially, being a signer does not require more direct iconic mappings than a speaker would use. It is also found that co-speech gestures can complement spoken language descriptions.

7

Subtle mise-en-scènes of the Middle Ages

88%

Hlaváčová A.

Human Affairs

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2013

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vol. 23

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issue 1

40-55

EN

In this paper the author compares the concept of a Noh play, Matsukaze, with a Slovak altar painting from Košice Cathedral. The article uses Japanese Noh, where stage continuity has been preserved up until the present day, to reconstruct European medieval stage practices reflected in 15th century painting. Referring to the platonic tradition, the second speech represents a corrective to the first, thus legitimizing a sense of passion in the process leading to catharsis, or enlightenment.

8

Czy pianiści to również aktorzy, czyli kilka refleksji nad gestem w muzyce

88%

Bruliński M.

Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ

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2015

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issue 3 (26)

44-56

EN

Apart from the functional dimension, the pianist’s gesture, which cannot be compared to linguistic sign, is a medium of various meanings, therefore it plays an important role in the extraverbal proces of communication between the pianist and the audience during the piano recital. It is stated that the agreement between pianists, as representatives of airtight world of classical music, and a crowd of aesthetically open-minded people, lies in the sphere of body and gesture. The author outlines some proposals on how to define a musical gesture and how to examine it. It is proved that the gesture is a powerful tool in the pianist's hands and that the arsenal of emotionally-communicative gestures during the piano performance process is enormous. Immensely important in the gestural context is coherence and naturalness. There exists a contradiction between the reflections derived from the modern performance practice and the common knowledge of the majority of piano teachers, caused by numerous 'historical misunderstandings'. A brief study of selected gestural cases (Franz Liszt, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Sviatoslav Richter, Emil Gilels, Lang Lang, Martha Argerich, Yuja Wang, Waldemar Malicki) was done.

9

Świadeczność Leksykon świadków rozproszonej Zagłady

88%

Kobielska M., Szczepan A.

Didaskalia. Gazeta Teatralna

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2020

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issue 160

1-35

EN

The authors use the adjective ‘testimonial’ (orig. ‘świadeczny’), i.e. ‘bearing witness, confirmed by testimonies’ to propose an analysis of bottom-up figurations of the role of witness, which are present in communities living in the vicinity of uncommemorated sites of the dispersed Holocaust. The eponymous ‘testimoniality’, or the disposition for bearing testimony or being a witness, is examined as a special situation in which the sites of past violence engage witnesses, both human (e.g. neighbours and guardians) and non-human: the landscape, the biotope, objects, various gestures and relations. By proposing categories grounded in the material gathered during field research, the authors analyse functions which can be referred to as testimonial, or seeking to give testimony to the past. The result is a lexicon of testimonial actors, practices, objects and words.

10

From cleaning to totality – the semantic core of the “dusting off palms” gesture among the Hausa of Northern Nigeria

88%

Will I.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2018

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issue 52

89-113

EN

The paper shows a close relationship between speech and gestures by arguing that in oral utterances the verbal part is one of the components of the message, while the other is embedded in gesture. The analysis is based on a few hours of recordings containing natural discourse, mainly sermons preached by Hausa sheiks and religious leaders from Northern Nigeria. The focus is put on the use of a recurrent gesture referred to as the “dusting off palms” gesture. The semantic core of the gesture based on the contextual analysis shows that it refers to cleaning, mental dirt, rejection, termination and totality. The link between all of these notions is to be found in the action which gave rise to the gesture: dusting off palms after a manual job.

11

„Żółwik” i inne gesty. O fotografii ze Smoleńska

88%

Sierbińska A.

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2018

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vol. 72

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issue 4(323)

78-89

PL

10 kwietnia 2010 roku Donald Tusk i Władimir Putin spotkali się na miejscu katastrofy samolotu prezydenckiego. Jedno ze zdjęć dokumentujących to spotkanie ukazało się (trzy lata później) na okładce tygodnika “W Sieci”. Publikacja fotografii wywołała gorącą debatę publiczną dotyczącą uchwyconego na niej gestu polskiego premiera. Tekst jest analizą sposobu jej funkcjonowania w odbywającej się w polu wizualnym społecznej grze, a także próbą dostrzeżenia stawki wymiany, którą uruchamia ten obraz.

EN

On 10 April 2010 Donald Tusk and Vladimir Putin met on the site of the catastrophic crash of the Polish presidential plane. One of the photographs documenting this event appeared (three years later) on the cover of the “W Sieci” weekly. Its publication gave rise to an intense public debate concerning the gesture made by the Polish Prime Minister. The presented text is an analysis of the manner it functions in the social game taking place in the visual field; it is also an attempt at perceiving the stake of the exchange set into motion by this image.

12

„...daj mi rúčku, ty sa usmej, budeme sa spolu hrať“ – telesné performácie ako interakčný faktor v sociálnych vzťahoch detí

75%

Kaščák O.

Studia paedagogica

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2009

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issue 1

13-26

EN

The study reports on social relations among peers in the contexts of various educational institutions. The aim of the study is to emphasize the importance of bodily expressions and their involvement in the constitution of peer-to-peer interactions, with focus on the ethnography of the body, reflecting rather the participants’ behaviour than their speech. The author comments on various forms of corporeal contacts as key factors in the creation of peer groups and the intentional peer learning.

13

Raised eyebrows as gestural triggers in humour: The case of sarcasm and hyper-understanding

75%

Tabacaru S., Lemmens M.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2014

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vol. 2

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issue 2

EN

The growing interest in humour within the field of Cognitive Linguistics during the past few years has led to the conclusion that humour exploits inferences through linguistic imagery and is highly creative. Following Yus (2003: 1299), we assume that humour uses discourse markers that allow the audience to see that what is being said should not be taken seriously. In this study, based on a large corpus of examples extracted from two American television series (House M.D. and The Big Bang Theory), we add a yet unexplored multimodal perspective – that of facial expressions accompanying humorous utterances, particularly pertaining to sarcasm and hyper-understanding. More specifically, we present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of raised eyebrows used in interactional humour, arguing that they play a role in switching the context to a humorous interpretation. Our study analyses humorous utterances against the background of Clark’s layering model and Fauconnier’s mental spaces theory. We illustrate how raised eyebrows function as “gestural triggers” allowing the hearer to make the connection between explicature (i.e. what is explicitly communicated by an utterance; cf. Carston 2002, 2004) and implicature (i.e. assumptions that are not explicit and that the hearer has to infer from the contextual environment; cf. Grice 1989). As such, we show that raised eyebrows play an important role in the understanding of the humorous message because they guide the hearer to interpret utterances in a humorous way and they contribute to meaning construction.

14

Cunninghamovy série

75%

Gil J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2022

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vol. 70

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issue 1

175-191

EN

An essay by the contemporary Portuguese philosopher José Gil addresses the prominent American choreographer and dancer Merce Cunningham’s conception of dance. Gil emphasizes that Cunningham approaches dance in a way that is fundamentally different from the traditional mimetic and expressive paradigm. With the help of Giles Deleuze’s observations, Gil proves that even in the case of dance shorn of the faculty to represent and express emotional contents, we can talk about units of dance, about their meaning and unity, and thus about the language of dance. Gil spells out this idea by showing a parallel between dance, in Cunningham’s conception of it, and modern painting.

CS

Esej současného portugalského filosofa Josého Gila se zabývá pojetím tance u významného amerického choreografa a tanečníka Merce Cunninghama. Gil zdůrazňuje, že Cunningham pojímá tanec způsobem, který se zásadně odlišuje od tradičního mimetického a expresivního paradigmatu. Za pomoci úvah Gilese Deleuze Gil dokazuje, že i v případě tance zbaveného schopnosti reprezentovat a vyjadřovat emocionální obsahy můžeme hovořit o jednotkách tance, o jejich významu a jednotě, tedy o jazyku tance. Tuto myšlenku Gil upřesňuje pomocí paralely mezi tancem v Cunninghamově pojetí a moderním malířstvím.

15

Gerechtigkeit und deren intertextuelle und intermediale Beziehungen im Werk des Magisters Vincentius

75%

Bering P.

Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

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2021

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vol. 31

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issue 1

35-42

EN

The aim of present paper is a closer analyze of some textual construction which are imitating a legal action at court. The scene of imagined court were popular in medieval dramaturgy, they are often used as a plot for scenic action. A particular case was created by Master Vincentius (12th Cent.): a passage from chronicle which presents a possible staging of court action.

Ruch, gest, gestykulacja w tekstach specjalistycznych i niespecjalistycznych

Gesture, meaning-making, and embodiment: Second language learning in an elementary classroom

Thoughts on the table: Gesture as a tool for thinking in blind and visually impaired children

Human body-gesture capacity: the tense – lax distinction: a preliminary outline of research work

Modelling gesture as speech: A linguistic approach

Left/right and front/back in sign, speech, and co-speech gestures: What do data from Turkish Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, American Sign Language, Turkish, Croatian, and English reveal?

Subtle mise-en-scènes of the Middle Ages

Czy pianiści to również aktorzy, czyli kilka refleksji nad gestem w muzyce

Świadeczność Leksykon świadków rozproszonej Zagłady

From cleaning to totality – the semantic core of the “dusting off palms” gesture among the Hausa of Northern Nigeria

„Żółwik” i inne gesty. O fotografii ze Smoleńska

„...daj mi rúčku, ty sa usmej, budeme sa spolu hrať“ – telesné performácie ako interakčný faktor v sociálnych vzťahoch detí

Raised eyebrows as gestural triggers in humour: The case of sarcasm and hyper-understanding

Cunninghamovy série

Gerechtigkeit und deren intertextuelle und intermediale Beziehungen im Werk des Magisters Vincentius

A Teacher’s Multimodal Corrective Feedback: Exploring its Enjoyment Building Capacity

An outline of culture anthropology in Norwid’s oevre

Opis użycia słów i gestów w komunikacji - perspektywa użytkownika języka a perspektywa badacza specjalisty

Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosophizing as the Gesture of Keeping Silent

Multimodalność komunikacji międzyludzkiej