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1
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Ukraine Through the Prism of Geopolitical Challenges: Analytical Aspect

100%
Teleshun S.
Polish Journal of Political Science
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2016
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vol. 2
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issue 1
6-18
EN
This paper examines the global trends that will be reflected in global politics. Systematization of a large number of sources of major research centers allowed forming a hierarchy of challenges and threats able to influence global and regional policy. Special attention is given to Ukraine, events which significantly influence the Eurasian and global political space. The article gives an insight of the political processes in Ukraine, its problems and achievements. Understanding the situation in Ukraine in the light of global trends allows us to realize the impact on geopolitical balance of power in the world. Events in Ukraine, as in Syria, became the catalyst for change that led to reformatting of political and regional map of the world. Significant pressure from new social, political, economic, military, informational and humanitarian threats and challenges was put upon security and bureaucratic structures of the European Union, NATO, UN and others. The obvious is that the global security system based on the principles of collective responsibility of the twentieth century is affected by a considerable transformation. This, in turn, has put on the agenda the issue of the capacity of modern political and business elites and the management establishment responds adequately to new manifestations of systemic crises and threats. The efficiency of the management of public authority institutions in internal and external policy is not only to improve the analytical tools to identify key social issues, but also the ability to form the institutional and civil mechanisms of preventive counteract against the disintegration of the political and economic environment of the state. But traditionally forecasts are significantly correlated with the realities of life and professional and volitional qualities of consumers of intellectual products in the field of management. Currently, a large number of analytical studies, prognostic versions of the future, futurological predictions from authoritative think-tanks perform not just their main prognostic function - an objective reflection of patterns of global and regional processes, but in most cases a multi-purpose product of political influence. Political analytics in public policy is a tool of public opinion formation (an artificial change of public attitudes, priorities, perceptions, expectations etc.) and implementation of some projections of the future or for world politics the most likely and expected models of situations development in high-risk areas. Analytical forecasts are often (have become) not only a means of pseudo scientific impact on society, with wide manipulative tools, using misinformation, “gray” technologies of the hidden influence on the individual and groups of individuals, hybrid types of information influence etc., but also behavioral models of national policy key actors. This is primarily due to political preconception and relations with different centers of force, wellknown expert-analytical agencies. Accordingly, analytical findings of many of them are entirely synthetic and designed in order to model, correlate and correct agenda and project the necessary previously ordered future efficiently. In early 2016 the global analytical and expert community, the leading "think tanks" began to provide us with own predictive versions of events development in the world both at global and regional levels. In many ways, the most influential models of the future differ from each other, and therefore need to build a more coherent and systematic view of the likely scenarios for the future. In addition, it is significant to emphasize that the complexity of forecasting and analytical activity caused by the intensity, dynamic processes and increase of the number of input data exponentially in the current development of the world. The justification of this is a methodological weakness of well-known world think-tanks in the matters of development of even shortterm forecasts on Syria, Ukraine migration processes, European Union, Mediterranean etc. This led to a serious debate in analytic community in the US and Western Europe on the revision of established strategies of information-analytical and expert activities. In particular, the results of the scenarios made by the most "think tanks" in the past year, according to our estimate, have come true with the coincidence of 40 per cent. Especially they reveal not always accurate forecasts regarding the situation deployment around the resolution of the conflict in Ukraine under the so-called "Minsk format", the resolution of the conflict in Syria under the so-called "Geneva format", critical and final phase of destabilization and destruction of the Russian Federation, significant decline in economic development and social explosions in the People's Republic of China, the stabilization of situation in the "Arab spring" zone, efficacy of international mechanisms and institutions in addressing global challenges (especially in the matters of war and peace) etc.
2
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Il diritto all’istruzione nelle società interculturali. I giudici, i legislatori e il governo dei flussi migratori

80%
Tarzia A.
Journal of Modern Science
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2018
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issue 1(36)
113-123
EN
Migration is one of the features of the modern world. It increases mainly in Europe. Italy is the country that is most exposed to immigrant influx. The subject of this study is to present issues related to migration waves in the legal and court perspective. A special part has been devoted to migration and its problems in Italy.
PL
Migracja jest jednym ze zjawisk współczesnego świata, nasilającym się przede wszystkim w Europie. Krajem narażonym na największe przypływy imigrantów są Włochy. Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie zagadnień związanych z falami migracyjnymi oraz łączącymi się z tym zjawiskiem problemami prawnymi i sądowymi. Szczególna część artykułu została poświęcona migracji i jej problemom we Włoszech.
3
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Terrorism in Years 2015-2022. Selected Global and Regional Trends

80%
Stempień M. S.
De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności
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2022
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issue 2(8)
20-34
EN
In 2021, terrorism-related deaths decreased for the seventh consecutive year (a third of what they were at their peak in 2015). However, the decline in the number of victims does not mean that there are no new, disturbing trends. Though, it is not easy to grasp the phenomenon of terrorism in the regions where asymmetric security threats coexist. Often, local armed conflicts and violence interlock terrorist actions. The following article has the form of a comparative study. The research goal is to identify trends taking place in the international and regional space related to the phenomenon of terrorism in years 2015-2022. The objects of research are the states most impacted by terrorism and selected states of the regional security complexes perceived as systems. Research has shown that the phenomenon of terrorism in the years 2015- 2022 was associated with instability and conflict.
PL
W 2021 r. liczba ofiar śmiertelnych spowodowanych atakami terrorystycznymi spadła siódmy rok z rzędu (osiągając jedną trzecia liczby ofiar z 2015 r.). Jednak spadek liczby ofiar nie oznacza, że nie ma nowych, niepokojących trendów w przestrzeni międzynarodowej. Nie łatwo bowiem badać zjawiska terroryzmu w regionach, w których współistnieją inne, asymetryczne zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa. Często lokalne konflikty zbrojne i przemoc przeplatają się z działaniami terrorystycznymi. Niniejszy artykuł ma formę studium porównawczego. Celem jest identyfikacja trendów zachodzących w przestrzeni międzynarodowej i regionalnej, związanych ze zjawiskiem terroryzmu w latach 2015-2022. Artykuł koncentruje się na państwach najbardziej dotkniętych terroryzmem oraz wybranych regionalnych kompleksach bezpieczeństwa postrzeganych jako systemy (wraz z państwami, które te systemy tworzą). Badania wykazały, że zjawisko terroryzmu w latach 2015-2022 wiązało się z niestabilnością i konfliktami.
4
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Framework model for consumer choices: the interplay of social identity, trends, norms and values

80%
Horodecka A.
Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny
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2019
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issue 4
43-72
EN
In recent years, economists have referred to the socially embedded model of an individual. Also, they have considered the influence of society on individual choices through institutions. Some economists enhance the role of culture as a mediator between society and the individual. Some authors focus on the role of social identities. The latter enable the individual to adapt to a society and follow social norms. However, not all existing social values respond to current challenges of global trends (e.g. climate change) sufficiently. Some social values (like consumerism, for instance) may lead to non-sustainable consumer choices. We must therefore perceive social values and norms not as a final solution but as a successful or failed adaptation to current global challenges. The purpose of the article is to introduce a framework model. It aims to explain the relationship between global trends, culture, institutions, and social and individual norms and values in consumer choice. Therefore, it will contain the reference to the rationality which should reach beyond the individual aspect. Such a model can be helpful in understanding the theoretical and empirical relationship between these concepts. Moreover, it can be adapted for designing future sustainable policy with the focus on sustainable consumption.
PL
W ostatnich latach ekonomiści odnoszą się do społecznie osadzonego modelu jednostki. Rozważają także wpływ społeczeństwa na indywidualne wybory dokonywane przez instytucje. Niektórzy ekonomiści wzmacniają rolę kultury jako mediatora między społeczeństwem a jednostką. Inni autorzy koncentrują się na roli tożsamości społecznych. Te ostatnie umożliwiają jednostce dostosowanie się do społeczeństwa i przestrzeganie norm społecznych. Nie wszystkie jednak wartości społeczne w wystarczającym stopniu odpowiadają obecnym wyzwaniom światowych trendów (np. zmiany klimatu). Pewne wartości społeczne (np. konsumpcjonizm) mogą prowadzić do niezrównoważonych wyborów konsumenckich. Dlatego musimy postrzegać wartości i normy społeczne nie jako ostateczne rozwiązanie, ale jako udaną lub nieudaną adaptację do aktualnych globalnych wyzwań. Celem tego artykułu jest wprowadzenie modelu ramowego. Powinien wyjaśniać związek między światowymi trendami, kulturą, instytucjami a normami oraz wartościami społecznymi i indywidualnymi w wyborze dokonywanym przez konsumenta. Dlatego będzie zawierać odniesienie do racjonalności, która powinna wykraczać poza aspekt indywidualny. Taki model może być pomocny w zrozumieniu teoretycznego i empirycznego związku między tymi pojęciami. Ponadto można go dostosować do projektowania przyszłej zrównoważonej polityki z naciskiem na zrównoważoną konsumpcję.
5

Klimat dialogu i jego wpływ na przebieg procesu dialogowego

61%
Wal J.
Roczniki Pastoralno-Katechetyczne (Pastoral and Catechetical Annals)
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2012
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vol. 4(59)
247-262
EN
The article discusses the issue of the atmosphere of dialog and its influence on the course of the dialog process. The atmosphere is first of all created by people, and this is why in the first part of the article it is shown, taking the personalistic approach, what emotional mood, intellectual aura and spiritual atmosphere are favorable for having a dialog. On the emotional side it is enthusiasm, surges of emotions, and sublimity; in the intellectual aspect it is objectivism, pragmatism and acting logically; and in the volitionary-spiritual dimension – it is acceptance of people, tolerance and kindness. In the further part of the article attention is paid to the subjective and objective factors creating a dialog. The following ones belong here: prosocial education and self-education, a positive influence of public opinion, and on the objective side: some global civilization trends, and the communication revolution in the world, owing to which not only did tools for indirect inter-personal relations (the press, radio, television, Internet) gain importance, but also direct inter-personal communication did. In the third part of the article the means used for building the atmosphere of dialogue are discussed. The status of natural behaviors should be appreciated here: politeness, simplicity and understanding; and defective behaviors, like obsequiousness, pompousness, crudeness and leniency should be eliminated. It is also indispensable to look for the way of the golden mean between extreme behaviors. Such a way between oversensitiveness and callousness is – sensitivity; between euphoric behavior and fatalism – realism, and between doctrinairism and utilitarianism – humanism. The article is closed by the conclusion that the atmosphere of dialog influences the dynamics of the dialog processes, determining priority goals in the dialog and stimulating further dialogs.
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