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EN
In the author's opinion, the progressing globalisation may lead to the emergence, among humans, of structures known in nature. The author ponders the question whether, assuming full success of such globalisation, the name Homo sapiens still be adequate.
EN
The article is a slightly altered version of an inauguration lecture presented at the 4th Central European Forum of Doctoral Students of Art History ‘Art History in the Age of Globalisation’, which took place in Wrocław on 5-8 November 2008 thanks to the efforts of the Institute of Art History at the University of Wrocław and Doctoral Students Council of the University of Wrocław. The starting point was the fruit of the 32nd Congress of the Comité International d’Histoire de l’Art (CIHA) entitled ‘Crossing Cultures: Conflict, Migration and Convergence’, which was held on 13-18 January 2008 at the University of Melbourne. In the author’s opinion the congress was of an exceptional significance: firstly, it was carried on in Australia, on the continent latest included in ‘global’ cultural communication, secondly, for the first time the ‘global’ dimension of history of art was stressed so strongly. This discipline is practised nowadays all over the world, moreover it improves making use of modern methods of gathering knowledge and rendering it accessible. What it is all about is to break down ethnical, political or religious prejudices, still present here and there, with the aim of these new information tools to build up gradually the truly all-human, ‘global’ history of art.
EN
The subject of paper is the issue of car service market in Poland. The development and organizational structure of car service has been presented. The main differences in car service in Poland and Germany have been pointed out. Discussion on global changes in economy linked to the car service market was undertaken.
PL
Autor wskazune na różnorodne przejawy gospodarcze, polityczne, edukacyjne, religijne i społeczne globalizacji oraz różnorodne następstwa i zagrożenia poszczególnych państw, grup społecznych, instytucji kulturowych, administracyjno-prawnych czy politycznych, czyli tych wszystkich zjawisk i współzależności form zycia całości społecznych oraz ich skutków dla narodów, kontynentów i cywilizacji.
EN
The subject of the research presented in this article is evaluation of competence of Geography and Entrepreneurship teachers and students who are teachers-to-be. In the teacher training process the crucial role is played by competences, developed mainly in the course of studies and during school practice. The author of this article has for over ten years conducted research on the students’ development of subject competence and didactic competence including the research on Geography teacher-trainees. Personal and interpersonal competencies of graduates of higher education significantly affect their chances on the ever-changing labour market. The presented research results should become an impulse for further analyses and reflection concerning the development of competence in teacher-trainees. Research in this area should successfully contribute to optimization of the teacher-training process, including Geography and Entrepreneurship teachers (not only in Poland), and to the development of an effective and efficient model of education and competence acquisition by graduates.
EN
The process of globalization makes it necessary to harmonize the regulations in various fields of economy, culture and education, including changes in the system of driver education. This paper presents the changes in Polish traffic law in the process of its adaptation to the international requirements and changes in driver training process in terms of improving road safety. It also identifies the areas of training that are undergoing the process of changes in conditions of globalization with emphasis on the role of instructor in the continuing education of drivers and improvement in their knowledge and skills.
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EN
Globalization is changing determinants of socio-economic and cultural development, and causes significant changes in education, and it poses new challenges. Intellectual resources are developed in the educational process. They are the most important factor in socio-economic development of different scale of spatial systems. The importance of education also increases the chances of the individual in getting a high position on the labor market. The article presents the variation in the quality of human capital in the European space and also the opportunities and threats posed by globalization for education especially at the tertiary level. The increasing role of entrepreneurial attitudes and ethics for the proper functioning in a changing world and for the understanding and proper evaluation of the contemporary development of the socio- -economic processes was also noted.
PL
Przemysł piwowarski jest jedną z branż przemysłu przetwórczego, na przykładzie której w wyjątkowo jasny sposób widać przekształcenia związane z szeroko pojmowanymi procesami globalizacji: od przekształceń własnościowych, przez koncentrację produkcji, do przekształceń funkcjonowania i przemian struktury przedsiębiorstw piwowarskich.
EN
Rapid globalisation of the economy, a revolution in the technical and information technology fields as well as a great variety of solutions provided nowadays by contemporary management makes the company management of XXI century to be predominantly concentrated on external environment of organization. This management should consist in defining the objectives of organisation in connection with the market needs and an individual customer. On the other hand, the economic, political and social processes taking place on a global scale force enterprises to also perform internal reorganisations.Currently a number of various concepts of organisation management and detailed methods connected with them, techniques and tools, are applied in business activities. They can be divided into three groups: • Concepts concentrated on organisation management process – marketing, logistics (just-in--time production and just-in-time management), human resources management, TQM total quality management, controlling, outsourcing, time based management (TBM), • Concepts concentrated mainly on changes management – BPR business process reengineering, lean management, • Concepts concentrated on organisation forms – learning organisation, intelligent organisation, network organisation, virtual organisation.All these theories are distinguished by different attitudes towards organisation management and changes implementation. The managers and their ability to predict the results of the applied solutions are those who choose one particular concept or certain integrated attitude.
EN
The underlying role in the enhancement of globalization processes is held by transnational corporations which exert impact on the formation of market network systems for goods and services by means of locating their affiliates in global regional systems. The purpose of the paper is to present the analysis of Samsung Group formation processes. The Group’s business potential, impact range and production assortment diversification as well as increasing globalization trends in the world economy that have affected the formation and development of the analyzed corporation are analyzed. The Samsung Group is a significant element in globalization processes. As a result of operations carried out in various fields, the corporation has created its own business network enabling the cooperation of particular entities within the capital group. This is the basis for the corporation competitive advantage in the international market. By developing its operations the Samsung Group is an example of an entity that during its 70 years of business activities has become a conglomerate of a transnational nature owing to globalization processes resulting from the global economy evolution.
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EN
The article presents the value of globalization processes in the development of a region. It distinguishes basic groups of the global processes, such as: development of the free market, development of transnational corporations, development of telecommunication, including: satellite television, the Internet (e-mail, IRC) and mobile phones web, and development of modern means of transport. The consequences of globalization processes are: limitation of governmental control, increase in the role of the speculation budget, diminishing of the middle class, increase in polarization of wages, explosion of illegal activities, rebirth of new regionalisms and increase in international tendencies.
PL
Trzecia fala globalizacji jest pochodną postępu technicznego, standaryzacji procesów wytwarzania, wzrostu wydajności pracy, liberalizacji handlu i przepływu kapitału, upowszechniania się inwestycji zagranicznych oraz integracji regionalnej. Transformacja społeczno-gospodarcza rozpoczęta na początku lat 90. minionego wieku wpłynęła na zmianę postrzegania naszego państwa przez międzynarodowe instytucje polityczne i gospodarcze, inwestorów oraz przywódców państwowych. W minionym dziesięcioleciu Polska stała się pełnoprawnym członkiem NATO, MFW, WTO oraz OECD. Przed nami rysuje się członkostwo w Unii Europejskiej. Efektem ponad 10-letniej transformacji są wyraźne zmiany społeczne i gospodarcze. Bilans tych zmian zawiera zarówno pozytywne, jak i negatywne zdarzenia.
PL
Globalizacja – według Słownika Zarządzania i Finansów – oznacza: „proces upodabniania się gustów i oferty produktu na całym świecie, wskutek czego popyt jest zaspokajany produktem globalnym, a nie lokalnymi”1 . Definicja taka jest jednak mocno – z różnych względów – zawężona, dlatego globalizację powinno traktować się jako określenie zjawiska ważniejszego i bardziej dalekosiężnego. W istocie, produktów globalnych jest niewiele, globalizacja jest zatem realnym procesem zachodzącym w większości firm świata. Ich styl myślenia i działania opiera się na globalnej perspektywie, w której ujmuje się klientów, technologie, koszty, sojusze strategiczne i konkurentów…
EN
The article concerns the problems of poverty in the contemporary world and tries to present the issue against the background of globalization processes. Apart from showing the symptoms of globalization, the author draws attention to the cause-and effect relations between globalization and poverty. These problems are discussed more extensively, and an attempt is made to show various aspects of contemporary poverty as well as to indicate the most important features of this phenomenon.
EN
The paper presents the issues of role of entrepreneurship development in the conditions of intensifying globalization. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the rules of economic development, types of economic policies, the scale of spatial systems and types of businesses. Against this background, the paper discusses the functions and economic development of small businesses.
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Globalizacja i jej przeciwnicy

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PL
One of the results of the accelerated economic and social development over the last thirty years involves the emergence of social movements that are opposed to globalization. The objective of this paper is to present the main demands of the opponents of globalization, in particular in the context of the asymmetrical development of the parties in international relations. Anti-globalists and alter-globalists oppose the increasing importance of transnational corporations and the gradual shift of the point of gravity in the global economy from sovereign states to institutions of a regional, supraregional or global character. Anti-globalists note the progressing global crisis of legitimization of the democratic system of governance and the threat that it will be replaced by highly institutionalized technocratic structures (WTO, IMF, World Bank, European Commission). The role of anti-globalist and alter-globalist movements is of profound significance at present as they provide opposition to neoliberalism as the binding doctrine in global economy. Calling for the establishment of mechanisms that would provide for fair distribution of goods between the ‘North’ and the ‘South’ they contribute to the internationalization of the idea of collaboration between states thus ensuring that order be maintained in the global economy. Therefore, these movements support the ‘weaker party’ in international business relations – the developing countries. However, there is a negative aspect of their activity, namely they perceive globalization as a process of subordinating the weak by the strong, or – in other words – they refer to the idea of class struggle in the global economic system.
EN
The Author of this paper studies the impact globalization processes on socio-cultural changes,which lead to social exclusion. Being out of a society has different origins especially in modernworld and modern society. A reason does not always lie only on the man’s side. Being out of asociety is sometimes a result of many different processes like, in my opinion, the most essentialones - global trends and the especially ambiguous process – globalization.The Author pays attention to the origins of the social marginalization and tries to show themost important ones. Simultaneously, he analyzes them by looking at the intensity of theirimpact on social marginalization. This article ends with an unaided commentary in which theauthor passes his judgment on the origins and degree of influence of above-mentioned issues.
PL
Globalizacja jest ostatnio modnym i nośnym terminem obecnym w pracach każdego, kto zajmuje się sprawami współczesnego świata. Świadczą o tym zaczerpnięte z różnych opracowań określenia, takie jak „globalna wioska”, „globalne społeczeństwo”, „globalna gospodarka”, „globalny przemysł” itp. Nie wyjaśniają one jednak zakresu pojęcia „globalizacja”. Mimo istnienia różnych definicji, żadna nie jest powszechnie akceptowana.
EN
Definition and analysis of value chain of innovation in SMEs working in conditions of globalization can be explained on the ground of the eksport area and trade exchange and works as subcontractors, cooperating with foreign companies in country or realized the services abroad. Supporting and development of innovative activity can bring the effective advantages in future, too – as distance effect. One of the main effect can be growth of competitiveness of SMEs and reduction of technological gap.
EN
The aim of the article is to define how the issue of entrepreneurship is tackled by authors of textbooks for high, vocational and technical schools. According to presented study, it is possible to observe that the majority of authors of the textbooks on the basics of entrepreneurship raise the issues of globalization and international corporations. Usually the issue of corporations is related to the issue of globalization in the world’s economy - with more or less details in different textbooks. The above mentioned issues can usually be found in the last chapters, which a student can treat as a guideline for what processes will take place in the world’s economy in the future. The awareness of these processes is crucial to students’ education and puts them in competitive position with relation to others who do not realize the full meaning of globalization in the world’s economy. It also allows for making rational decisions and finding one’s place in the developing world.
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