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Coalescent assimilation across word-boundaries in American English and in Polish English

100%
Kaźmierski K., Wojtkowiak E., Baumann A.
Research in Language
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2016
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vol. 14
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issue 3
235-262
EN
Coalescent assimilation (CA), where alveolar obstruents /t, d, s, z/ in word-final position merge with word-initial /j/ to produce postalveolar /tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, ʒ/, is one of the most wellknown connected speech processes in English. Due to its commonness, CA has been discussed in numerous textbook descriptions of English pronunciation, and yet, upon comparing them it is difficult to get a clear picture of what factors make its application likely. This paper aims to investigate the application of CA in American English to see a) what factors increase the likelihood of its application for each of the four alveolar obstruents, and b) what is the allophonic realization of plosives /t, d/ if the CA does not apply. To do so, the Buckeye Corpus (Pitt et al. 2007) of spoken American English is analyzed quantitatively. As a second step, these results are compared with Polish English; statistics analogous to the ones listed above for American English are gathered for Polish English based on the PLEC corpus (Pęzik 2012). The last section focuses on what consequences for teaching based on a native speaker model the findings have. It is argued that a description of the phenomenon that reflects the behavior of speakers of American English more accurately than extant textbook accounts could be beneficial to the acquisition of these patterns.
2
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Phonetic imitation of t-glottaling by Czech speakers of English

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Šturm P., Przedlacka J., Rojczyk A.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2022
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vol. 32
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issue 1
142-165
EN
The paper focuses on the ability of Czech speakers to explicitly imitate native English realizations of the phoneme /t/ as [ʔ] (t-glottaling). In Czech, glottalization occurs as a boundary signal of wordinitial vocalic onsets. We hypothesize that this allows for a better imitative performance in the intervocalic context as compared to non-prevocalic contexts. However, an alternative hypothesis based on language-external facts (frequency in the learners’ English input) predicts the opposite pattern. Our experiment involves 30 participants in a shadowing task. In addition to words with /t/, words with /k/ are examined to establish if speakers can generalize to a phonologically similar category to which they have not been exposed. Speakers adapted their pronunciation after exposure to t-glottaling to some degree. Our hypothesis was confirmed for the shadowing task, while the alternative language-external hypothesis was confirmed for the post-test task, suggesting a different pattern of performance in terms of imitation versus learning.
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Vowel hiatus at Polish word boundaries – Phonetic realization and phonological implications

100%
Schwartz G.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2013
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vol. 49
557-585
EN
This paper presents an acoustic phonetic study of Polish V#V sequences designed to shed light on the phonological representation of glottal marking. Independent phonological evidence from Polish suggests that initial vowels contain an "empty onset" that may be realized as glottal marking. The results of the experiment suggest that glottal marking in Polish is quite robust, and may be realized by increases in spectral balance. In the Onset Prominence environment, the "empty onset" is derived from phonetic principles, realized as specification for the Vocalic Onset layer of structure. VO parameter settings capture important ambiguities in speech perception and allow for a unified analysis of glottal marking, distributional restrictions on Polish vowels, and ambiguities underlying palatalization processes.
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Phonological Factors Affecting L1 Phonetic Realization of Proficient Polish Users of English

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Schwartz G., Balas A., Rojczyk A.
Research in Language
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 2
180-197
EN
Acoustic phonetic studies examine the L1 of Polish speakers with professional level proficiency in English. The studies include two tasks, a production task carried out entirely in Polish and a phonetic code-switching task in which speakers insert target Polish words or phrases into an English carrier. Additionally, two phonetic parameters are studied: the oft-investigated VOT, as well as glottalization vs. sandhi linking of wordinitial vowels. In monolingual Polish mode, L2 interference was observed for the VOT parameter, but not for sandhi linking. It is suggested that this discrepancy may be related to the differing phonological status of the two phonetic parameters. In the code-switching tasks, VOTs were on the whole more English-like than in monolingual mode, but this appeared to be a matter of individual performance. An increase in the rate of sandhi linking in the code-switches, except for the case of one speaker, appeared to be a function of accelerated production of L1 target items.
5
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Glottal stop – a type of phonation or articulation?

86%
Osowicka-Kondratowicz M.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2018
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issue LXVII
6
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Vokalické sekvence mezi slovy v české španělštině

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Černikovská Š.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2017
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vol. 99
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issue 1
65-73
EN
This study examines four different types of vowel sequences between words in L3 Spanish of Czech speakers: two identical monophthongs, diphthongs, triphthongs and a sequence of two strong vowels of different timbre, both in stressed and unstressed versions. More specifically, it is concerned with glottalization and resyllabification in these cases, since the respective strategies in the two languages differ. In the Spanish vowel system, vowel sequences are twofold: hiatus, i.e. two vowels belonging to two separate syllables, and synaleph, a mechanism that leads to reduction of two vowels to a diphthong, since it favours the CV syllable structure in Spanish. In vowel sequences between two (or, rarely, three) words, Spanish selects the latter option. This strategy is not used in the Czech language, where hiatus supported by glottalization takes place in analogical situations. Such a contrast in mastering vowel sequences was examined in a group of 22 highly proficient L3 Spanish speakers of Czech origin, whose production of vowel sequences was analysed and statistically tested. In spite of a considerable number of glottalized realizations in L3 Spanish, the results show a clear tendency to synaleph and resyllabification, which appears to be particularly strong in triphthongs. On the other hand, the presence of stress has not proved to be significant in the realization of vowel sequences.
7
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Zwarcie krtaniowe – rodzaj fonacji czy artykulacji?

72%
Osowicka-Kondratowicz M.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2018
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issue 67
39-53
EN
This paper discusses the definitions of the glottal stop encountered in the literature. The term glottal stop appears in many works in the field of linguistics (or, more precisely, phonetics and phonology), phoniatrics, voice emission and speech therapy. However, this term may be understood in various ways. Generally speaking, in speech therapy, a glottal stop is defined, for example, as: 1. a form of phonation; 2. a type of pseudo articulation. In phonetics the term is referred to as: 1. a form of voicing initiation; 2. a type of articulation; 3. both the type of articulation and the type of phonation. In the light of the definitions quoted in this work, the answer to the question posed in the title of this paper is neither simple nor clear.
8
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Vowel-Related Glottalization in Czech Read Speech: Russian vs. Native Speakers

72%
Veroňková J., Tolkunova Y.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 1
93-108
EN
Glottalization as a significant irregularity of glottal pulsing fulfils a number of linguistic functions and can occur in various contexts. It can also contribute to a foreign accent. This paper examines the rate of vowel-related glottalization in the speech of Russian speakers who are beginning learners of Czech, comparing their reading of Czech with that of native speakers. In Czech, there is a relatively high frequency of glottalization and, according to research from the last decade, glottalization in Russian is more common than is usually assumed, especially at the boundaries of intonational phrases. The purpose of this study is to determine the similarities and differences in the distribution of glottalization among native and non-native speakers of Czech, and to examine the factors that may influence it. The subjects read a short text containing 14 potential positions where glottalization can occur in the standard pronunciation of native speakers. The resulting 322 tokens were then analysed and rated for glottalization. The analysis was primarily based on perception and covered two main categories of glottalization: the glottal stop and creaky voice. The rate of glottalization in individual speakers ranged from 71.4 to 100.0% (native group) and from 25.0 to 72.7% (non-native group). The differences between native and non-native speakers are significant at the level p < 0.05, while the differences between males and females (both within and across the groups) are not significant. Three different positions (the intonational phrase boundary, the position after a non-syllabic preposition, and the word-internal boundary) are discussed in detail.
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