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FR
Dans le present article l'auteure fait l'analyse de sept ouvrages dans lesquels apparait le personnage de Pierre. Ces ouvrages peuvent etre repartis en trois groupes. Dans le premier groupe Pierre est presente en tant qu'auditeur de l'enseignement de Jesus/Sauveur. Dans te deuxieme il est presenté en tant que temoin du mystere. Dans le troisieme en tant que dirigeant d'une communaute (gnostique). Dans la conclusion, on fait observer qu'il existait chez les gnostiques un courant faisant appel a l'autorite de Pierre comme membre de l'église des Parfaits/Choisis et en tant que temoin de la revelation secrete du Sauveur. Ce courant se referait aussi a la tradition de Matthieu.
EN
In the author’s opinion the story depicted in "The Truman Show" (1998) by Peter Weir comprises a reinterpretation of a Gnostic myth about the liberation of a „divine spark” from the material world. In spite of the fact that the director did not know about Gnosticism before he started to make the film, the author of the article presents that many motifs in his work can be viewed through the ideas expressed in various Gnostic systems. The Gnostic notions were reinterpreted in "The Truman Show" on a fundamental level of the world being presented in as well as in the narrative structure of the movie.
EN
The article intends to demonstrate that a theology of vegetarianism is possible, despite some contrary evidence present in the biblical texts. Like other theologies dealing with issues not directly voiced in the Bible, it becomes possible to interpret the biblical statements in a new way, on the bases of a specific methodology. As a result, an objective comprehension will go back inductively to Sacred Scripture. The article advocates for applying this new method as well as for introducing its ethical implications into the Christian tradition. An additional supportive argument in favour of establishing the new understanding can be found in the history of the Roman Church, besides the consolidated custom of carnivorous nutrition: there has been no shortage of positions in favour of vegetarian asceticism. This stance was also represented by Thomas Aquinas. By valorizing classic Christian authors in favour of vegetarianism (starting with Jerome), the inauguration of the theology of vegetarianism becomes legitimised. Such an inauguration would reorient Christian thought toward reconsidering cosmology, ecology and topical contemporary issues such as anthropocentrism and speciesism.
EN
Seven Gnostic writings were discussed in the article. They represent the mysterious teachings of the Savior, who passed it on to a chosen group of men and women. According to the author, these compositions reftect the factuai relationship of Gnostics towards women that is why they constitute an important argument for the issue of women's participation in Gnostic teachings.
EN
One of the most signifi cant Slovak romantic poets, Janko Kráľ (1822-1876), was buried in an unknown place, however today he has a symbolic grave in the Slovak National Cemetery in Martin. In this case we may speak of a peculiar irony of fate, because the vision of the world as a grave is central in his work, especially in the poetic cycle known as Dráma sveta (Drama of the World). More intensive analysis of this theme reveals author’s deep involvement in gnosticism on the one hand, and a Christian worldview on the other. Kráľ uses the grave in its extremely negative aspects to illustrate the condition of the modern man, which in his historiosophy project is determined by a temporary victory of evil. The article describes the way of escape from negativity based on the Christian faith in the Resurrection, which is contaminated by the pagan vision of nature and the 19th century myth of Slavic revival. The grave in the author’s interpretation is the metaphor of the modern world. Therefore, special attention is given to the theme of grave as a specifi c variant of the labyrinth. There is the seed of the tree of life hidden in the centre of the labyrinth-grave. In Kráľ’s vision the seed is the Slovak language/ Slovakia. Following that implication, the grave conceals the Garden of Eden.
EN
Zum Thema des Portrats des Gnostikers nach Klemens von Alexandrien existieren viele Ausarbeitungen.
IT
L’autrice presenta un fragmento gnostico del trattato De origine mundi, che descrive la nascita della rosa nel Paradiso, che e un simbolo di natura (che e bella e buona) e anche spiega la sua radice mitica e platonica.
Vox Patrum
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2000
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vol. 38
83-92
EN
Die gnostische Christołogie in den Handbuchern der patristischen Theologie wird am haufigsten mit dem Doketismus dargestelit. Eine Anzahl von Nag Hammadi-Texten weist wirklich eine mehr oder weniger starke doketistische Tendenz auf.
EN
The first part of the article shows the genesis of the soma-sema formula and its function in the Orphic and Pythagorean tradition, as well as in Plato. A particular attention was paid to its ontic background (dualism) and its ethical aspect: a neces­sity to undergo a punishment in the subsequent birth cycles (metempsychosis) and cleanse the soul of guilt. The second part presents a reception of the formula in the Gnostic Book of Thomas the Contender, indicating similarities and differences.
Vox Patrum
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2007
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vol. 50
291-306
EN
This article contains Polish translation and commentary to an apocryphal Gnostic text known as Dialogus Johannis cum Iesu (CApNT 27). The fragmental Coptic manuscript from the Deir el-Bala’izah collection (IV/V century A.D.) is the unique known testimony of this document. The text has a form of dialog between John the Apostle and the Risen Christ or some celestial messenger on creation and story of antediluvian patriarchs. Document reveals a particular similitude with other Gnostic texts, especially the Apocryphon of John from the Nag Hammadi library. It conserves the fragment of Hebr. 7:3, which probably received a large explanation in original document. The speculation on biblical personages, especially on Melchisedek, appears to be an important element in this text. The placement of Melchisedek’s name immediately after the name of Noah may suggests the identification of Melchisedek with Shem, the Noah’s son. Similar motif is known to us from the Jewish and ancient Christian literature, for instance the targumic elaborations of Genesis and the Syriac apocryphal text called Cave of Treasures (Spelunca thesaurorum).
PL
Zrozumienie, czym jest gnostycyzm i jego interpretacja, zależy od wielu czynników. Powszechnie w wielu książkach, encyklopediach i artykułach jest on często opisywany jako system dualistyczny, który oddziela ciało i umysł, materię i duchowość lub wiedzę i ignorancję. Artykuł ten oferuje krótki przegląd i możliwe interpretacje dwóch gnostyckich mitów kosmogonicznych - mit Setiana opisany w apokryfie Jana i mit Walentyniana znajdujący się w „Adversus haereses” Ireneusza i „Refutatio omnium haeresium” Hipolita. Te mity lub kosmogonie są używane jako przykład wiedzy tajemnej, która może przynieść kosmologiczną wolność. Wydarzenia w boskiej pleromie i działania Sofii w mitach są badane jako podstawa gnostycznego dogmatu, za którym podążają synowie wiedzy, aby osiągnąć swoją wolność.
EN
The way that Gnosticisim is understood and interpreted depends on many factors. In books, encyclopedias, and articles, it is commonly described as a dualistic system that separates body and mind, material and spiritual or knowledge and ignorance. This article offers a brief overview and possible interpretations of two gnostic cosmogonical myths: Sethian, described in the Apocryphon of John, and the Valentinian myth found in Irenaeus’s Adversus Haeresies and Hippolytus’s Refutatio omnium haeresium. These myths or cosmogonies are used as an example of the secret knowledge that could bring cosmological freedom. Events in the divine pleroma and the actions of Sophia in myths are examined as the basis of a gnostic dogma that the sons of knowledge follow to achieve their freedom.
EN
The topic of this paper is the golden dust metaphor in Bolesław Leśmian’s poems, fairy-tale prose, essays and plays. It is interpreted as one of many variations of the black sun trope, the gnostic and alchemical symbol for the unity of oppositions and for transformation. Analysis of Leśmian’s metaphor leads to the conclusion that his writing corresponds to gnosticism and alchemy. It takes up the concept of material concreteness, nudging the reader to combine oppositions and transmutation. Acting through words, through tropes, reflects the performative status of Leśmian’s creative work.
PL
Współcześni chrześcijanie są narażeni na wiele duchowych niebezpieczeństw, które dotykają nie tylko treści wiary, ale mają również wpływ na praktykę i życie codzienne. Przekłada się to na złe pojmowanie łaski i świętości, a w konsekwencji zbawienia, którego nie poszukuje się w Bogu, ale w człowieku lub (tajemnej) wiedzy. Papież Franciszek zagrożenia te nazywa (neo)gnostycyzmem i (neo)pelagianizmem. W artykule omówione są najnowsze dokumenty Kościoła, zwłaszcza adhortacja apostolska Gaudete et exultate (kwiecień 2018) oraz list Kongregacji Nauki Wiary Placuit Deo (luty 2018). Analizy są umieszczone w szerszym, filozoficznym kontekście (posthumanizm i postnowoczesność), który pozwala przedstawiane zjawiska – w odniesieniu do magisterium Kościoła – należycie rozumieć i interpretować.
EN
Modern Christians are exposed to many spiritual dangers that touch not only the content of faith, but also affect practice and daily life. It transfers into a misunderstanding of grace and sanctity and consequently of salvation, which is not sought in God, but in man or (secret) knowledge. Pope Francis calls these threats (neo)gnosticism and (neo)pelagianism. This article aims to discuss the latest documents of the Church, especially the apostolic exhortation Gaudete et exultate (April 2018) and the letter of the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith Placuit Deo (February 2018). Analyzes are placed in a wider, philosophical context (posthumanism and postmodernity), which allows to properly understood and interpreted the presented phenomena – in respect to the magisterium of the Church.
Vox Patrum
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2014
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vol. 62
61-71
PL
Prezentowany artykuł, składający się z trzech części: tradycja apokryficzna w Kościele; Klemens z Aleksandrii i wykorzystanie tradycji apokryficznej w jego pismach; Logos w myśli Klemensa Aleksandryjskiego, ukazuje, jakie miejsce Klemens widział dla tradycji apokryficznej w nauczaniu Kościoła i swoich pis­mach. Klemens wyjaśnia z naciskiem, że sekretna tradycja filozoficzna prowadzi gnostyków do stania się ucieleśnieniem obecności Chrystusa w świecie. Ta se­kretna tradycja filozoficzna różni się od tradycji chrześcijańskiej, przynależnej do Kościoła i dlatego Klemens nie odnosi się często do nauczania Kościoła, lecz odwołuje się do innej tradycji – do apokryfów. Jednocześnie nie chce pomijać prawdziwej Tradycji kościelnej. Ta niespisana tradycja, którą Klemens traktuje jako nasiona wiedzy, które z konieczności mają być trzymane w ukryciu, wpływa na formę i znajduje swe miejsce w księgach Stromatów.
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Polskie badania nad gnostycyzmem

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Vox Patrum
|
1999
|
vol. 36
187-192
EN
Die Gnosisforschung in Połen besteht vor allem auf der Ubersetzung der polemischen Werken von Kirchenvatern (Irenaus, Tertullian, Clemens von AL, Origenes und der koptischgnostischen Texten von Nag Hammadi. In den letzten Jahren haben sich auch einige junge Wissenschaftler in ihren Diplomarbeiten mit dem Thema Gnosis bzw. Gnostizismus beschaftigt (meistens in der Akademie fur Katholische Theologie in Warschau).
EN
The metaphor of the sun, in which Plato (Republic 509b) compares the idea of the Good to the sun that dwells above the earth yet affects the phenomena occurring on it, was an inspiration for both heretical and orthodox theology in the first Christian centuries. The Gnostics, Clement of Alexandria and Origen all believed that God, like the Platonic idea of the Good, is radically transcendent in relation to the world, but at the same time is the cause of everything that exists in it. Unlike Plato, who believed that the idea of the Good is knowable and can be the subject of science, the Christian theologians of the first centuries believed that God was like a blinding light. This means that God, according to them, though intelligible, is unknowable in His essence. Therefore, God cannot be the subject of science. Another modification of the Platonic metaphor was the introduction of the element of sunlight, to which the philosopher from Athens did not refer. For the Gnostics, the rays of the sun were “eons” – spiritual beings that existed in the space between the first principle of all things and the material world. For Clement and Origen, the light that comes from the sun was the Son – the power and wisdom of God. In contrast to the Gnostics, who believed in the progressive degradation of the spiritual world through successive emanations, the Alexandrian Fathers believed that the Son possessed all the knowledge of God and therefore revealed to man the true God. Yet the revelation of God by the Son, and even the grace that assists human beings in the process of learning about God, do not give man complete knowledge of the essence of God. Thus the Gnostics, Clement and Origen, despite some doctrinal differences, all accepted the concept of the radical transcendence of God on the ontological and epistemological levels.
Vox Patrum
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2018
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vol. 69
39-52
PL
Walka z gnostycyzmem pozwoliła św. Ireneuszowi z Lyonu rozwinąć w do­skonały sposób doktrynę chrześcijańską. Przede wszystkim wykazał on, że wiedza, którą gnostycy dostrzegali na próżno w mitologicznych opowieściach, nie była prawdziwa. Jedyną rzeczywistą gnozą była miłość i łaska udzielona wyz­nawcom Chrystusa przez Ducha Świętego. Człowiek może być zbawiony tylko w Kościele. Prawdziwymi gnostykami byli nie ci, którzy zwalczali swoje ciało lub gardzili nim jako dziełem niepoznawalnego Boga Stwórcy, ale ludzie duchowi, którzy otrzymali od Ducha Świętego zmartwychwstanie ciała i niezniszczalność.
EN
The fight against gnostics allowed the holy bishop to develop the Christian doctrine with a perfect way. At first, he showed that the knowledge that heretics sought in vain in mythical narratives was not real. The only real gnosis was love and grace for believers in Christ and they were given to them by the Holy Spirit. Only in Church man can be saved. And the real “gnostics” were not those who rejected and despised their body in order to worship an “incomprehensible God” and “Creator,” but the “spiritual” people who received from the Holy Spirit the resurrection of the flesh and its indestructibility.
Vox Patrum
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2015
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vol. 63
77-93
EN
The article expounds on the groundwork laid by the first Latin treaty De haeresibus by Philastrius, the fourth-century bishop of Brescia, analyzed on the background of writings of Irenaeus, Tertullian and Origen, how the rooted in Gnosticism representatives of early Christian heresies (Carpocratians, Saturninus, Valentinus, Apelles, Marcion, Manicheans) have comprehended the genesis of man’s body. After a general delivery of early Christian doubts regarding the value of human flesh, different varieties of heretical paradox – ensuing from Platonic and Gnostic cosmo-anthropological tendencies – are presented. The paradox could be formulated in the following manner: human body of the first man Adam – and correspondingly all of his descendants – is genetically and ontologically evil as being an elementary constituent of the material world. Hence the flesh of a new Adam, i.e. Christ, must come form another realm and be free of the earthly materiality in order to be good by nature and worthy of Saviour’s person. The presented mode of thinking instigated the rise of theological misconceptions, in particular the eschatological ones denying human body the possibility of resurrec­tion and recognizing – in a Gnostic fashion – the liberation of man from flesh, not his salvation alongside his body.
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2020
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vol. 2
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issue 9
203-226
EN
The aim of this paper is to show source inspirations on which anthropological model of transhumanist doctrine has been built. Fundamental thesis of transhumanism says that there is possibility of transgressing the natural condition of man through the various latest technologies what suppose to develop more excellent human’s essential form. The author turns attention to the fact that there is a category of possible beings and ontology of transfer adopted by transhumanist doctrine and that there is no essential differentiation between two notions such as „being” and „product”. For that reason it is impossible to apply aparatus of Thomisitic metaphysics to that doctrine. Another element which shows discrepancy of both stances is, analysed by the author, opposition between materialistic-naturalistic transhumanist anthropological model, called on the ground of natural science encephalocentrism and hylemorfism proper for Christian antropology. The author shows irrationality of many anthropological ideas of transhumanist doctrine and also presents its two main sources. The first is ideologization in the area of natural science whose extreme appearance we find in reductionist encephalocentrism. The second is extrapolation of reductionist encephalocentrism stance along with stances of technological probabilism into religious domain of anti-Christian antic gnostic systems. The author ultimately states that transhumanism is ideology which skillfully transforms gnostic mysticism into „new garments” of the latest technologies and for that, it effectively resonates in a contemporary irrational anti-culture.
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