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EN
The paper aims at examining the predictive role of hope in hedonistic and eudaimonistic dimensions of subjective well-being. Five questionnaires were applied: Scale of Hope, BHI-12 Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, PANAS-X Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale. 206 people were subjected to the above methods. The obtained results suggest that hope understood in terms of success and as basic hope is interconnected both with hedonistic and eudaimonistic well-being. Hope for success appears to be a better predictor for a majority of dimensions of well-being, apart from the affective dimension of subjective well-being in which basic hope has a stronger predictive value. The existing connections between hope and hedonistic and eudaimonistic well-being can result from the concept of goals which is deeply embedded in both constructs and has significant motivational roles.
EN
Aim. The purpose of the article is to study, analyse and present the readiness of Georgia in the modern period to meet international problems – it is the main goal of sustainable development, including higher education. The government of Georgia, since ancient times correctly understood the role of education for future prosperity, currently the government is doing its best to meet the international challenges in the fourth goal of sustainable development - education, including higher education. Methods. The paper is presented based on official documents, scientific research papers, analysis, and the historical-comparative method. Results. The article presents important challenges for the integration of the Georgian state into the European space at the present stage, which is enshrined in the Constitution (Parliament of Georgia, 2018) and several important documents. In this context, promoting access to education is an important international agreement for the country to overcome modern global challenges - one of the most important goals of sustainable development - an important precondition for strengthening the socio-political and cultural development of society. Conclusion. The paper is based on the study/processing of international and local official materials, as well as expert research has the opportunity to assess the readiness of the higher education system to follow the goals of sustainable development. The country’s relevant structures are actively creating all the conditions for the convergence/engagement of the Georgian educational space under modern international standards which has been demonstrated in practice by the capabilities of higher education institutions.
EN
The authors take the view that science is responsible today for building society according to the idea of human community, and university mission – apart from striving for the truth – should consist in serving social needs by developing human capital. In the article, they emphasize the importance of cultivating academic ethos for the existence of science and the academic community, and express concern, as the destruction of this ethos, weakening of thinking with reference to values, and recognition of the superiority of instrumental values (interests) over autotelic (cognitive and moral) values are observed. The authors note that in many European countries, education comes down to equipping university graduates with qualifications that enable rapid adaptation to changes in the labor market, that is to acknowledging that the intensification of economic growth is the primary social task. In the university education sphere, humanistic reflection, which is a distinguishing feature of European culture, which subordinates technology and economy to the goals delineated by wisdom, is poorly expressed or even absent. This places even more responsibility on universities for educating teachers – educators of future generations. These universities, including The Maria Grzegorzewska University, that train students to work with people with special needs have a special duty toward society, as modern university graduates should not only be top-class specialists but, above all, people who are sensitive to others’ needs, tolerant, reflective, creative, open, and active in support, and for the welfare, of environment in a broad sense.
PL
Cel badań. Ocena poziomu aktywności ruchowej mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności. Określenie motywów oraz podjęcie próby ustalenia przyczyn poziomu aktywności fizycznej. Materiał i metody. Grupę badaną stanowiło 277 mężczyzn w wieku 18–70 lat (średnia wieku 32,57± 8,85 roku) przebywający w Areszcie Śledczym we Wrocławiu. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego przy użyciu Międzynarodowego Kwestionariusza Aktywności Fizycznej IPAQ oraz autorskiego kwestionariusza dotyczącego roli aktywności fizycznej. Wyniki. Niski poziom aktywności odnotowano u 46,5% badanych, umiarkowany u prawie 12%, a wysoki u ponad 41%. Jedynie u 43% osadzonych BMI było w normie. Głównymi motywami do podejmowania wysiłku fizycznego okazała się chęć utrzymania sprawności oraz aspekty związane z poprawą cech osobowości i charakteru. Wnioski. Niski poziom aktywności ruchowej u aresztowanych może wynikać ze specyfiki warunków odbywania kary. Istotne wydaje się angażowanie mężczyzn do pracy fizycznej oraz organizowanie działań profilaktycznych zgodnych z potrzebą grupy.
EN
Background. Assessment of the level of physical activity men during detention. Defining motifs and to try to determine the causes of a specific level of physical activity. Material and methods. The test group consisted of men (n = 277) aged 18–70 from Remand Centre in Wroclaw. The average age of subjects was 32,57 ± 8,85. In the research technique the diagnostic survey using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and a questionnaire concerning the role of activity in life. Results. Low level of physical activity was noted in 46.5% of respondents, moderate in almost 12% of people, and high in over 41% of respondents. Only 43% of prisoners had BMI in the norm. The main motives for action were the willingness to maintain efficiency and aspects related to the improvement of personality and character traits. Conclusions. Low levels of physical activity may result from specific conditions for prisoners serving a sentence. It seems important to engage men in physical work and organize preventive activities in line with the group’s needs.
PL
This paper presents a critical evaluation of ethical and philosophical concerns about the effective altruism as an ethical position. Effective altruists claim that one of our important ethical obligations is to do the most good possible, with the biggest possible positive impact. This impact should be measured with rational tools and by evaluating the effectiveness of our actions. At first glance, this might seem as a consensus building position, a good starting point for building a community of people wanting to change the world for the better. In our paper, we present some difficulties which are connected with such a way of thinking about charity and an ethical obligation to donate. We discuss the problem of the commercialization of ethical values, understanding effectiveness, agreeing about goals, as well as the political consequences of effective altruism understood as an ethical position.
EN
The author characterizes structural and logical components of systems approach to intra-firm staff development. Two groups of components of this system have been selected. The first group consists of those items that can be called systems: the organization as a whole; separate organizational unit (department, laboratory, division); permanent or temporary employees engaged in certain activities; each individual employee. The second group is associated with organizational values, projections, goals, expected results, stages for their achievement and implementation, production processes and technologies, corporate culture. Some stages that create the system of education, are presented: definition of learning objectives, diagnostics of the level of personnel development, identifying the expectations of employees, preparation of individual training and development plans, selection of types and methods, coordination of individual plans, making the budget of training, adjusting of training plans.
EN
Objectives. The aim of the study was to perform in-depth qualitative research of setting and pursuing goals, as well as overcoming obstacles in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sample and setting. The sample comprised 30 people, ages 19-29 years (19 men), the average age was 24.37 (SD = 3.05). Statistical analysis. Phenomenological qualitative analysis was performed. Results. Qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed some already known key (main) topics of achieving the goals in young adults, however, it also revealed additional significant topics. The analysis indicated that prioritizing short-term goals can be a functional response to the decreased ability to achieve a long-term goal, but also that short-term goals are preferred because they strengthen self: self-efficacy, self-realisation, and provide satisfaction from the goal attainment. The analysis also revealed the importance of the phenomenon of goal interconnection, where a young adult’s planning does not have to be focused on meeting a goal at a certain time or age (clock-time style); on the contrary, a young adult may focus on events (event-time style). By achieving one goal, a person can shift to achieving another, interconnected goal. However, in young adults achieving the goal is not always associated with a feeling of satisfaction. Results also suggested that sharp changes in goals (goals instability) could potentially be also a strategy of further goal calibration, a strategy of finding goals that are meaningful and fulfilling. An important contribution of the research is studying the goals and planning of young adults during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia. The results propose that the pandemic has the potential to affect all phases of the Mindset theory of Action Phases. Limitations. The qualitative character of the study does not enable the results to be quantified.
PL
Podczas gdy współczesny dyskurs naukowy oraz debaty edukacyjne są przesycone nie zawsze efektywnymi pytaniami o treści i metody nauczania matematyki, fundamentalne z punktu widzenia jednostki pytania o cel, sens i wartość nauczania i uczenia się matematyki zdają się pozostawać w cieniu. W artykule podjęto temat humanistycznych aspektów matematyki. Zaproponowano przyjęcie wielowymiarowej perspektywy w badaniu zagadnień związanych z edukacją matematyczną: ontologicznej, epistemologicznej oraz aksjologicznej. Nacisk został położony na ostatni wymiar. Przywołano cele kształcenia matematycznego w ujęciu Zofii Krygowskiej, a także przedstawiono definicje i klasyfikacje wartości odgrywających istotną rolę w aktywności matematycznej zarówno ucznia, jak i nauczyciela. Artykuł kończy refleksja na temat potrzeby spojrzenia na edukację matematyczną z perspektywy aksjologiczno-teleologicznej i prowadzenia w Polsce badań z zakresu dydaktyki matematyki, które by ten wymiar uwzględniały.
EN
While contemporary scientific discourse and educational debates are suffused with, not always effective, questions on both the content and methods of teaching mathematics, questions about the aim, meaning and value of mathematics education, fundamental from the perspective of the learner, seem to remain in the background. This article addresses the humanistic aspects of mathematics. It proposes the adoption of a multidimensional perspective in the study of issues related to mathematics education, encompassing ontological, epistemological and axiological dimensions, with an emphasis on the latter. Zofia Krygowska’s objectives of mathematics education are recalled together with definitions and classifications of the values playing an important role in mathematics related activities of students and teachers. The article concludes with a reflection on the urgent need of looking at mathematics education from the axiological and teleological perspectives, and the importance of conducting research on mathematics education in Poland that would take these dimensions into account.
EN
Introduction. The present situation in Latvia can be characterized by a high, persistent unemployment level, economic emigration, stress at the workplace and individualization of society. The aim of the paper is to reveal the aspects of strategic decision making in the trade unions of Latvia, their topicality and problems evaluating the involvement of the Latvian trade union members in strategic decision making and the comprehension of constant union goals. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research lies in the scientific literature published in the European Union states and the United States of America. The empirical research employs qualitative research methods: semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Material and results. The strategic decision making proces was characterized in the analysis of the theoretical sources. The practice of strategic decision making in Latvian trade unions was clarified in the empirical research.The paper concludes that the practice of delegation of strategic decision making should be improved to encourage members involving in the realization of the trade union’s goals and objectives. It is advisable to increase unanimity of chairpersons and members in the trade unions in Latvia, which can be ensured by promoting the comprehension about strategic decisions using the form of a dialogue between the chairpersons of the LBAS and the chairpersons of Latvian field/ professional trade unions as well as a dialogue between the chairpersons of Latvian field/ professional trade unions and union members, strategic decision making process, goals, trade union members
PL
Wstęp. Obecną sytuację na Łotwie cechują niezmiennie: wysoki poziom bezrobocia, emigracja zarobkowa, stres w miejscu pracy oraz indywidualizacja społeczeństwa. Niniejsza praca ma na celu ukazanie aspektów podejmowania decyzji strategicznych w związkach zawodowych na Łotwie, ich tematyki i problemów, ocenę zaangażowania członków łotewskich związków zawodowych w podejmowanie decyzji strategicznych oraz zrozumienie stałych celów związków. Metody. Podstawę teoretyczną i metodologiczną badań stanowi literatura naukowa opublikowana w państwach Unii Europejskiej oraz w Stanach Zjednoczonych. W badaniach empirycznych posłużono się metodami badań jakościowych: wywiadem częściowo ustrukturyzowanym oraz analizą dokumentów. Materiał i wyniki. Proces podejmowania decyzji strategicznych został scharakteryzowany w analizie źródeł teoretycznych. Praktyka podejmowania decyzji strategicznych w łotewskich związkach zawodowych została objaśniona w badaniach empirycznych. Artykuł kończą wnioski, iż praktykę delegowania decyzji strategicznych należałoby usprawnić, aby zachęcić członków do angażowania się w realizację celów związkowych. Wskazane jest zwiększenie jednomyślności przewodniczących i członków związków zawodowych na Łotwie, co można zapewnić poprzez promowanie rozumienia decyzji strategicznych, wykorzystując formę dialogu pomiędzy przewodniczącymi LBAS a przewodniczącymi łotewskich terenowych/branżowych związków zawodowych oraz dialogu pomiędzy przewodniczącymi łotewskich terenowych/branżowych związków zawodowych a członkami związków.
EN
The teacher of higher educational establishment must be able to generate innovative ideas, to think and operate the system in different conditions and circumstances, to join in the system of educational modernizations effectively and carry out an effective action, which needs to form for him high level of organization of professional activity. Organization of the professional activity of a higher school teacher is possible on the basis of the conscious raising of goals, planning and determination of strategies of own development and self-perfection. The aim of the article is an exposure of semantic essence and place of the professionally oriented goals in the system of vitally important prospects of postgraduate students, methods of their rising and facilities of realization. It is emphasized in the article that a goal must be concrete, measureable, accessible and realistic and planned at times. The methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature are used for defining the essence of goals and their descriptions, and also the methods of diagnostics are applied for the receipt of empiric material (questionnaire, questioning, and analysis of perspective plans). It is stressed that goal must be concrete, measureable, accessible, and realistic and planned in time. It is set that facilities of achievement of goals are human possibilities (capabilities and mechanisms of psyche), spiritual foods of activity of man (subjective judgments and public experience; feelings, emotions; expressive technique), teaching methodology, technical equipment, pedagogical instruments. In the articles the perspective plans of development of postgraduate students of Zhytomyr state university named after Ivan Franco are analyzed. It is stated that professional activity for the future teachers of higher school is important. But the analysis of judgments of respondents testifies to non-concrete, immeasurable sometimes, important not enough and clear goals in separate perspective plans. For this reason actual is a necessity to teach the future specialists of higher school the methods of rising of goals and determination of ways of their achievement that is related to structurally-design abilities, the instruments of forming of that will be presented in other publications
EN
In recent years the question of measurement of the financial performance of an enterprise has been frequently asked. The current economic environment is characterized by constant change. The development of the business environment has bought a completely new approach to the measurement of the financial performance of enterprises. In a market-oriented economy, enterprises are especially focused on the growth of their market value, based on their corporate strategies. The evaluation of enterprise success in a simple and quick way is one of the most important requirements set by owners and investors. The latest findings from the area of company management clearly show that for the long-term success of enterprises it is not enough to evaluate the history using the financial indicators. Enterprises must be watched and evaluated systematically, whereas the main task of management should be to employ new methodologies and management tools. One of the models used for the management of company performance is the Balanced Scorecard model, also taking into account – besides the traditional financial criteria – non-financial criteria.
EN
This article presents the main issues relating to the goals of modern Polish competition law. It examines the relationship between the subject-matter of competition law, its function and its goals. It identifies various goals of competition law as well as their acceptance in the legal doctrine and jurisprudence. The study shows that the goals of Polish competition law have always been limited to enhancing efficiency and consumer welfare, with this latter term being understood in a post-Chicago-school fashions, rather than accordingly to its Chicago-school origin. This article shows how an 18-years competition law system, rather accidentally than deliberately, took the best ideas from both the American and the European legal tradition and mix them up into an incoherent, yet workable system of competition protection which is favourable towards efficient operations and, at the same time, safeguards consumers against exploitation and diminished choice.
PL
Artykuł analizuje sposoby myślenia strategicznego w małych i średnich organizacjach działających w Polsce. Omówiono podstawowe koncepcje teoretyczne opisujące myślenie strategiczne, powstałe na gruncie psychologii oraz nauk o zarządzaniu. Przedstawiono przegląd badań na temat procesu formułowania strategii oraz treści strategii w małych i średnich organizacjach. Zaprezentowano wyniki badania własnego dotyczącego poziomu planowania strategicznego, reprezentacji poznawczej konkurentów oraz sposobu artykulacji celów przez polskie firmy należące do sektora MSP. Sformułowano wnioski teoretyczne oraz rekomendacje dla menedżerów małych i średnich organizacji działających w Polsce.
EN
The article analyses strategic thinking in small and medium organizations in Poland. Building upon the psychological and managerial literature, we discuss theoretical foundations of strategic thinking. We provide an overview of research on strategy formulation and strategy content in small and medium organizations. We present the results of empirical study focused on strategic planning, cognitive representation of competitors and articulation of goals by Polish companies from SME sector. In conclusion we present theoretical implementations and provide recommendations to managers of Polish SMEs.
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2018
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vol. 10(46)
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issue 2
75-102
PL
W kontekście tematu opracowania pojawia się podstawowe pytanie: jak przedstawia się dydaktyczny wymiar poszczególnych warstw rozwoju człowieka w odniesieniu do Podstawy programowej? Powyższe pytanie implikuje pytania szczegółowe: jaki zakres zadań szkoły występuje w Podstawie programowej w aspekcie poszczególnych warstwic?; w których przedmiotach skoncentrowane są treści odpowiadające poszczególnym warstwicom?; jaki zakres celów ogólnych i szczegółowych występuje w przedmiotach nauczania w odniesieniu do warstwic?; jakiego rodzaju metody pracy wychowawczo-dydaktycznej proponowane są w Podstawie programowej w odniesieniu do poszczególnych warstwic? Odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania poszukiwano metodą analizy i syntezy materiału. Analizowanymi materiałami były: koncepcja integralnego rozwoju i wychowania oraz Podstawa programowa dla klas IV-VIII szkoły podstawowej.
EN
In the context of the topic of the study, the basic question arises: what is the didactic dimension of the individual layers of human development in relation to the Core curriculum? The above question implies specific questions: what is the scope of the school's tasks in terms of individual contours in the core curriculum?; in which subjects are the content of the individual contours concentrated?; what is the scope of general and specific objectives in teaching subjects with respect to contours?; what kind of educational and didactic work method are proposed in relation to particular contours in the core curriculum? Answers to the above questions were searched for by means of material analysis and synthesis. The analyzed materials were: the concept of integral development and upbringing and the core curriculum for grades IV-VIII of the elementary school.
EN
Agricultural organizations play an important role in political decision-making at the local, national, and EU levels. However, it is diffi cult to estimate to what extent the size of public transfers to the Polish countryside is a direct eff ect of these organizations’ activity. The same question applies to farming privileges, which are much more numerous than those for other social groups in rural areas. One of the reasons for this stems from the fact that agricultural organizations in Poland have rarely been examined. The aim of this article is therefore to obtain a structured picture of agricultural organizations in Poland and to search for relations between their legal forms and statutory goals. The main types distinguished here include farmers’ trade unions, employers’ organizations, agribusiness organizations (agribusiness federations and unions), and associations. Taking into consideration the number of members and the thrust of activities, including impact on agricultural policy, the most important agricultural organizations in Poland seem to be the trade unions and agribusiness organizations. The substantive diff erence between them lies in their stated goals. Trade unions primarily indicate goals of a social nature. Federations of agribusiness organizations strive to support their members and promote policy changes, while agribusiness organizations work for the development of specialized farms
PL
Organizacje rolnicze odgrywają ważną rolę w tworzeniu polityki na poziomie lokalnym, narodowym i unijnym. Trudno jednak oszacować, w jakim stopniu wielkość transferów publicznych trafi ających na polską wieś oraz dużo liczniejsze – w porównaniu z innymi grupami społecznymi na wsi – przywileje rolnicze są bezpośrednim efektem działania tych organizacji. Jednym z powodów jest fakt, że organizacje rolnicze są w Polsce badane sporadycznie. Celem artykułu jest uzyskanie uporządkowanego obrazu organizacji rolniczych w Polsce oraz poszukiwanie zależności między ich formą prawną a celami zapisanymi w statutach. Do wyróżnionych głównych typów organizacji należą: związki zawodowe rolników, organizacje pracodawców, organizacje branżowe (związki i zrzeszenia branżowe) oraz stowarzyszenia. Biorąc pod uwagę liczbę członków oraz cele dzia- łania obejmujące wpływ na politykę rolną, najistotniejszymi organizacjami rolnymi w Polsce są związki zawodowe i organizacje branżowe. Główna różnica między nimi dotyczy przedstawionych celów działania. Związki zawodowe wskazują przede wszystkim cele o charakterze socjalnym. Federacje organizacji branżowych starają się wspierać swoich członków oraz działać na rzecz zmiany polityki, natomiast organizacje branżowe działają na rzecz rozwoju specjalistycznych gospodarstw rolnych.
PL
Obecnie Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej w Polsce stanowią odrębny Rodzaj Sił Zbrojnych. Podkreśla to ich ważne miejsce w systemie obronnym RP. Artykuł stanowi krótką próbę podsumowania znaczenia wojsk obrony terytorialnej w XXI wieku. Przedstawia współczesne zagrożenia jako podstawowy determinant budowy tej formacji. W sposób syntetyczny ujmuje zadnia stawiane tym wojskom w różnych stanach funkcjonowania państwa zarówno w funkcji zewnętrznej, jak i wewnętrznej sił zbrojnych. Opisane są cele stawiane wojskom obrony terytorialnej z punktu widzenia aktualnych potrzeb państwa, a także wymagania wobec ich struktur i funkcji w tym zakresie.
EN
Currently, the Territorial Defense Forces in Poland constitute a separate type of Armed Forces. This highlights their important place in the defense system of the Republic of Poland. This article is a brief attempt to summarize the role of the territorial defense forces in the 21st century. It presents contemporary threats as the primary determinant of the creation of this formation. In a synthetic way, it reflects on the demands placed on these troops in various states of functioning of the state, both as external and internal forces. The objectives set for the territorial defense forces are described from the point of view of current state needs, as well as the requirements for their structures and functions in this respect.
EN
The key aim of this thesis was the elaboration of ataxonomy associated with perceived benefits derived from usage of certain brands of products. The subjects of the research, carried out by means of astandardized interview, were 163 students, aged 19-27 years (52% female). Abenefits questionnaire, specially designed for this study, was used in the research process. Analysis of the results generated 7 categories of benefits derived from the consumption of brands: relations with others, responsibility for oneself and others, social attraction, psychological well-being, physical health, self-contentment, and fulfillment of basic needs. The influence of the brands’ categories on the type of perceived benefits was observed as well. Subjective correlations and the relationship between the dimension of perceived benefits and the tendency toincorporate favorite brands into one’s self-image were analyzed. Finally, anumber of possible directions for future research on the topic were suggested.
PL
Celem zrealizowanych badań była systematyzacja postrzeganych przez konsumentów korzyści ztytułu użytkowania marek produktów. Wbadaniach przeprowadzonych metodą wywiadu standaryzowanego wzięło udział 163 studentów wwieku 19-27 lat (52% stanowiły kobiety). Na potrzeby badań opracowano listę 119 korzyści na podstawie taksonomii ludzkich celów pochodzących zbadań psychologicznych. Analiza wyników pozwoliła wyodrębnić 7 kategorii korzyści postrzeganych przez konsumentów: relacje zinnymi, odpowiedzialność za siebie iinnych, atrakcyjność społeczna, dobrostan psychiczny, zdrowie fizyczne, zadowolenie zsiebie oraz zaspokajanie podstawowych potrzeb. Wykazano, że kategoria produktów stanowi znaczące źródło wariancji postrzeganych korzyści. Ponadto przeanalizowano dostępne ich podmiotowe korelaty. Przedstawiono krytyczną analizę dotychczasowej metodologii badań oraz wskazano szereg kierunków przyszłych badań nad percepcją korzyści zużytkowania marek.
EN
The 21st-century didactics of Polish language and literature can meet social obligations on ten levels. For the examination of their completion, formal documents were analyzed: basic curricula, textbooks, written class assignments, methodical publications, conference information, and web portals. Interviews and survey were conducted. It turned out that the 21st-century didactics of Polish language and literature does not meet social obligations. It is necessary to update the objectives, strategies, methods, content and means of teaching, to eliminate unauthorized interpretations and to cooperate with the perieducational environments.
PL
Polonistyczna dydaktyka w XXI wieku może spełniać społeczne zobowiązania na dziesięciu płaszczyznach. Dla sprawdzenia ich realizacji przeanalizowano dokumenty formalne zastane: podstawy programowe, programy kształcenia, podręczniki, publikacje metodyczne, informacje konferencyjne i portale internetowe. Przeprowadzono zadania klasowe, wywiady i ankietę. Okazało się, że polonistyczna dydaktyka XXI wieku nie spełnia społecznych zobowiązań. Trzeba zaktualizować jej cele, strategie, metody i środki kształcenia, eliminować nieuprawnione interpretacje, współpracować ze środowiskami okołoedukacyjnymi.
EN
The mission of the Church that has been created by Christ not only needs the leadership of a hierarchical structure but also the group of lay believers who act as active supporters and helpers in the proper and effective functioning of the institution. Prudent and thoughtful engagement of the laity in the apostolic endeavours and responsibilities have been appreciated by the pope Pius XI, who established a society called Catholic Action. This organization has undertaken various apostolic and priestly activities in many countries throughout Europe, including Poland, as it was building a unified nation after gaining national independence in the beginning of the twentieth century. This time in history has created extraordinary opportunities for the laity as Catholic Action was opening its structures and setting goals. In retrospective, such activity can be perceived the providential tool that has played an important role in the development of the Catholic Church in Poland. Examining the level of participation and engagement of the Catholic Action in the matters of the Church before the Second World War, one may boldly say that it was a very well developed association gathering an enormous number a of lay believers. It had a pivotal role in assessing the social, cultural political and economical needs in practically every community and responding to those needs in an active way. The development of the Catholic Action was phenomenal between the years of 1918 -1939. In the first ten years of its existence, it was predominantly popular among the elites of the catholic intelligentsia, burgesses, but also peasantry. In 1939, there were 750,000 members in this organization, which ranks it among the most influential in the social arena of Poland at that time.
EN
Background: Person-organization (P–O) fit is a predictor of job satisfaction, and a misfit is a potential stressor. We aimed to examine the consequences of fit between a person and an organization in terms of goal-pursuit strategies. We tested whether job satisfaction mediates the relationship between regulatory fit and mental health. Material and Methods: Research was conducted in a group of 169 employees. They were asked to fill in questionnaires assessing their chronic work regulatory focus, organizational regulatory focus and job satisfaction. To measure mental well-being we administered the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). We conducted mediation analysis in regression. Results: The results of the mediation analysis confirmed the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relation between regulatory focus misfit and physical and mental symptoms of distress. Conclusions: The results of this study point to the fact that P–O fit can relate to goal pursuit strategies. It influences not only job satisfaction, but also employees’ health. The conclusions can be applied in the human resources management practices, e.g., it may serve as a useful argument to motivate employers to shape goals and strategies individually by managers, according to employees’ preferences. The results should be interpreted with caution because of non-random sampling. Med Pr 2014;65(5):621–631
PL
Wstęp: Dopasowanie człowieka do organizacji stanowi predyktor satysfakcji z pracy, natomiast niedopasowanie jest potencjalnym stresorem. Problem badawczy dotyczył określenia związku między poziomem dopasowania człowieka do organizacji w zakresie strategii realizacji celów a zdrowiem psychicznym. Założono, że mediatorem tego związku jest satysfakcja z pracy. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięło udział 169 pracujących osób. Z wykorzystaniem kwestionariuszy sprawdzano osobowościowe i organizacyjne nastawienie regulacyjne oraz satysfakcję z pracy badanych. Wskaźniki zdrowia psychicznego zmierzono Kwestionariuszem Ogólnego Stanu Zdrowia (General Health Questionnaire – GHQ-28). Zależność zbadano przy pomocy analizy mediacyjnej w modelu regresji. Wyniki: Zgodnie z hipotezami zaobserwowano, że satysfakcja z pracy pośredniczy w związku między niedopasowaniem człowieka do organizacji w zakresie strategii realizacji celów a zdrowiem psychicznym (liczbą symptomów fizycznych, symptomów depresji, niepokoju i bezsenności oraz zaburzeń funkcjonowania). Wnioski: Wyniki badania wskazują na ważną rolę dopasowania do organizacji w zakresie sposobu realizowania celów. Wpływa ono nie tylko na satysfakcję z pracy, ale może również wiązać się ze zdrowiem psychicznym. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdzają zasadność formułowania celów zawodowych i strategii ich realizacji w sposób bardziej indywidualny i dostosowany do preferencji pracowników. Przy interpretacji wyników należy zachować ostrożność ze względu na nielosowo dobraną próbę badanych. Med. Pr. 2014;65(5):621–631
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