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Action meanings in noun/verb conversion: native and foreign word-formation in Czech

100%
Ševčíková M.
Linguistica Pragensia
|
2022
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vol. 32
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issue 2
173-197
EN
The study deals with Czech conversion pairs of a noun and a verb, both of which denote actions (test ‘test.n’ — testovat ‘to test’). Elaborating on previous research on prototypical verb-to-noun and noun-to-verb conversion in Czech, the direction in these pairs is determined based on whether the verb forms its aspectual counterpart by changing the theme (which is characteristic of the deverbal direction), or whether the suffixed counterpart is not available (typical of denominal verbs). The analysis, carried out on a corpus sample of 1,300 action nouns and directly related verbs, demonstrates that pairs with native roots mostly conform to the deverbal pattern, whereas the denominal direction applies to a smaller subset of the native sample but clearly prevails in the data with foreign roots. The denominal direction ascribed to foreign pairs is consistent with the typological hypothesis that verbs are borrowed rather as nouns and subsequently turned into verbs in the target language.
2
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Experimentální výzkum gramatického vidu a způsobu slovesného děje : situační modely

72%
Chromý J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2018
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vol. 101
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issue 3
121-137
EN
The paper presents an overview of experimental research on the role of grammatical and lexical aspect on the construction of situation models. The first part of the paper is concerned with terminological issues. The second part discusses the advantages of experimental methods in aspectual research. The third part presents selected research in the field. It is shown that most studies actually use incorrect terminology and that the distinction between progressive and non-progressive (or perfect) is incorrectly labelled as the distinction between imperfective and perfective. The paper argues that this should not be a reason to discount these studies and that it would be fruitful to include Czech language in the experimental research of aspect, since the Czech aspectual system could potentially enhance our understanding of the construction of situation models in language comprehension as such.
3
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Experimentální výzkum gramatického vidu a způsobu slovesného děje : jazyková relativita a vidové vynucení

72%
Chromý J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2018
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vol. 101
|
issue 4
189-203
EN
The paper presents the second part of the review of experimental research on grammatical or lexical aspect. Two main topics are reviewed: the role of aspect in linguistic relativity and the aspectual coercion hypothesis. In the first part of the paper, it is shown that languages with a similar aspectual system can differ widely in their preferences in the description of certain events, and furthermore that these preferences may influence the speakers’ non-linguistic perception of events. The second part of the paper shows that previous studies on aspectual coercion differ both in their methodology and findings and that the very existence of the aspectual coercion phenomenon is not clear yet.
4
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Aspectuality in Welsh

51%
Asmus S.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 11
9-28
EN
When discussing aspectuality, a distinction is normally made between grammatical and lexical aspect. Both are linked, to varying degrees, to the category of tense. The existence of grammatical aspect in a language is normally accepted if it is fully expressed in a grammatical category, preferably a verbal one, as seems to be prototypically encoded in some Slavic languages. Questions concerning aspect have been posed for Welsh, since perfectivity could be expressed by the verbal particle ro- in its older stages. However, Modern Welsh differentiates synthetically between six tenses for the verb bod ‘to be’ and four for all of the others (save defective verbs) in the Indicative, the category looked at here. It is little surprising, therefore, that the aspect dichotomy of perfectivity vs. imperfectivity is not expressed morphologically. However, based on field work, it has been established that issues of aspectuality in Welsh are typically expressed by employing its periphrastic VSO structure, i.e. verb–noun constructions with linking elements of varying synsemantica between the finite VS- and the “O-phrase” (complement).
PL
Aspektualność w języku walijskim Zagadnienie aspektualności obejmuje aspekt gramatyczny oraz aspekt leksykalny, które w różnym stopniu związane są z kategorią czasu. Zakłada się występowanie aspektu gramatycznego w danym języku, gdy jest on wyrażony jako gramatyczna kategoria werbalna, jak ma to miejsce w przypadku niektórych języków słowiańskich. Status aspektu w języku walijskim jest niejednoznaczny, gdyż perfektywność mogła być wyrażona za pomocą werbalnego przedrostka ro- we wcześniejszych stadiach jego rozwoju. We współczesnym języku walijskim wyróżnia się sześć czasów dla czasownika bod (być) wyrażonych syntetycznie w trybie oznajmującym oraz cztery dla pozostałych czasowników (z wyjątkiem czasowników defektywnych). Opozycja aspektowa dokonany – niedokonany nie jest wyrażona morfologicznie. Jednakże na podstawie badań ustalono, że aspektualność w języku walijskim wyrażona jest za pomocą peryfrastycznej struktury VSO, tj. konstrukcji werbo-nominalnych w połączeniu z różnymi synsemantika pomiędzy finitywną frazą VS oraz frazą dopełnieniową.
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