Search results

1

Wariantywność predykacji klasyfikatorowych w polskim języku migowym – badanie pilotażowe

100%

Dziewanowska W.

Poradnik Językowy

|

2022

|

vol. 792

|

issue 3

42-58

EN

This paper describes the fi ndings of a pilot research on the application of object classifi ers and body parts in classifi er predications referring to one designatum, i.e. the dog in the picture story Frog, Where Are You?. The research showed that the frequency of the classifi ers in informants’ texts varied. One classifi er type prevailed when describing the majority of situations. Moreover, for each classifi er type used in a given situation, there was a clear predominance of one of the possible shapes of hand, while the remaining ones were similar to it. From among body part classifi ers, the least specifi c shapes of hand prevailed, which rendered the look of dog head to the smallest extent. These observations prove a high level of grammaticalisation of object classifi ers and poorly specific body part classifiers.

2

Degree of grammaticalisation of behind, beneath, between and betwixt in Middle English

100%

Ciszek-Kiliszewska E., Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ewac@wa.amu.edu.pl

|

2018

|

vol. 16

|

issue 2

EN

The analysis shows that while behind and beneath are still frequently used as adverbs in the whole Middle English period, between and betwixt are predominantly used as prepositions already in Early Middle English. This clearly demonstrates that the degree of grammaticalisation of the latter two Middle English words was much higher than that of behind and beneath.

3

Degree of Grammaticalisation of Behind, Beneath, Between and Betwixt in Middle English

100%

Ciszek-Kiliszewska E.

|

2018

|

vol. 16

|

issue 2

193-222

EN

The present paper traces the history of four selected adverbs with the prefix be- in Middle English. Already in Old English behind, beneath, between and betwixt are attested to function as both adverbs and prepositions, which demonstrates that the process of grammaticalisation accounting for the development of prepositions from adverbs started before that period. The focus of the study are the diachronic changes of the degree of grammaticalisation of the examined lexemes in the Middle English period as demonstrated by the ratio of their use with a respective function in the most natural context. Hence, specially selected Middle English prose texts are analysed. The analysis shows that while behind and beneath are still frequently used as adverbs in the whole Middle English period, between and betwixt are predominantly used as prepositions already in Early Middle English. This clearly demonstrates that the degree of grammaticalisation of the latter two Middle English words was much higher than that of behind and beneath.

4

Semantic Change in the Domain of Modality: English "must" and Polish "musieć"

88%

Lubańska M.

Anglica Wratislaviensia

|

2014

|

issue 52

85 - 97

EN

The research on grammaticalisation has shown that morphosyntactic change is not necessarily unidirectional as originally postulated. Semantic change, however, tends to be unidirectional: the meaning undergoes subjectification, shifting from the speaker-external to the speaker-internal perspective, never the other way round. The analysis presented in this paper focuses on two modal verbs, English must and Polish musieć, and it shows that, semantically, both verbs developed in the same direction. To account for the changes, the author uses the Invited Inferencing Theory, as put forward in Traugott and Dasher (2005). The data presented clearly support the thesis that unidirectionality does hold at the semantic level.

5

Cognitive mechanisms and emergent grammatical features in Internet memes

88%

Diedrichsen E.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

|

2018

|

vol. 4

22-37

EN

Internet memes of the type composed of an image macro and text, have a strong form-meaning correlation that is shared among users of social media. Their frequency of usage and the immediacy of their broad reach around the world make them an interesting field of investigation for linguistic studies. I will argue in this article that Internet memes resemble linguistic signs. Users develop a literacy, i.e. a command of their usage through convention and shared usage history. Popular Internet memes can be found in a multiplicity of variations, where details of the shown picture are changed, while the general mood or topic of the meme, mostly expressed in the caption, remains broadly the same. This article will discuss cases where the development of meme variations works along the lines of known cognitive mechanisms like metaphor and metonymy, and their prerequisites, like abstraction. Some meme variations can be represented as grammaticalisation paths that lead to the emergence of grammatical features like morphemes.

6

Participial Perception Verb Complements in Old English

75%

Lowrey B.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

|

2014

|

vol. 49

|

issue 3

43-61

EN

In this paper, I shall examine the complements of perception verbs in Old English involving a noun phrase and a present participle. What kind of perception is described by these structures? Do they evoke the perception of an event, or that of an entity? It will be shown here that there are good reasons to believe that an NP + present participle sequence could function as the equivalent of the traditional “AcI” construction when used with perception verbs. I shall also attempt to determine to what extent the syntax of this construction matches the semantics: is the internal argument of the perception verb the NP alone, or some kind of combination of the NP and the participle? This question is particularly interesting in the light of Declerck’s (1982) remarks on participle perception verb complements in modern English. Finally, I shall take a look at morphological parametres: sometimes the participle inflects to agree with the NP, whereas on other occasions it does not. What might the implications of this kind of variation be?

7

A history of conjunctions introducing negative clauses in English: The case of 'for dread that'

75%

Łęcki A. M., Łęcki A. M.

Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny

|

2020

|

issue 4

8

Typologie vs linguistique générale : un essai

63%

Fagard B.

Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

|

2015

|

vol. Special Issue: Le monde de la litérrature

225-235

EN

In this paper, I take up the case of quotative evidentials and their (non-?)existence in Romance languages, in an attempt to illustrate the fact that the dialogue between typological linguistics and general linguistics is essential. I review briefly the case of grammaticalization from a typological point of view, and the category of evidentiality, before discussing the case of discourse markers specialized in the introduction of reported speech, in Romance languages.

9

Indicating verbs in British Sign Language favour motivated use of space

63%

Cormier K., Fenlon J., Schembri A.

Open Linguistics

|

2014

|

vol. 1

|

issue 1

EN

Sign languages have traditionally been described as having a distinction between (1) arbitrary (referential or syntactic) space, considered to be a purely grammatical use of space in which locations arbitrarily represent concrete or abstract subject and/or object arguments using pronouns or indicating verbs, for example, and (2) motivated (topographic or surrogate) space, involving mapping of locations of concrete referents onto the signing space via classifier constructions. Some linguists have suggested that it may be misleading to see the two uses of space as being completely distinct from one another. In this study, we use conversational data from the British Sign Language Corpus (www.bslcorpusproject.org) to look at the use of space with modified indicating verbs – specifically the directions in which these verbs are used as well as the co-occurrence of eyegaze shifts and constructed action. Our findings suggest that indicating verbs are frequently produced in conditions that use space in a motivated way and are rarely modified using arbitrary space. This contrasts with previous claims that indicating verbs in BSL prototypically use arbitrary space. We discuss the implications of this for theories about grammaticalisation and the role of gesture in sign languages and for sign language teaching.

10

Per la storia di "siccome", da avverbio comparativo a congiunzione causale

63%

Mingioni I.

Italica Wratislaviensia

|

2018

|

issue 9.1

139-157

IT

Il contributo analizza siccome nel passaggio dall’originario valore comparativo avverbiale, tuttora possibile, a quello di congiunzione che introduce una comparativa, documentato ab antiquo, a quello di congiunzione causale, ormai prevalente nell’uso corrente, specie nel parlato e nel trasmesso, ma non unanimemente considerato standard. Si propone quindi, sulla scia dei lavori di Mazzoleni (2007; 2012), un’analisi in diacronia del siccome, in cui, accanto alle indicazioni tratte da opere lessicografiche del passato (le edizioni del Vocabolario della Crusca, Tommaseo & Bellini, ma anche Tommaseo 1840; Ugolini 1848) e del presente (Battaglia 1961-2002, Sabatini & Coletti 1997, De Mauro 1999), nonché da grammatiche antiche (Soave 1771; Fornaciari 1881) e moderne (Battaglia & Pernicone 1968²; Serianni 1989), si analizzerà la documentazione tratta da corpora diacronici dell’italiano scritto, che potrà attestare i diversi valori di siccome nel corso del tempo. Studiando un caso di Grammaticalizzazione, si cercherà di offrire spunti di riflessione sull’evoluzione della norma grammaticale e sulle variazioni nell’uso, nel quadro complesso della storia dell’italiano.

EN

The study considers siccome from an etymological point of view and observes the morphosyntactic and semantic value of this key word in written Italian through a diachronic perspective. It discusses the evolution of siccome from being a comparative adverb, to a comparative conjunction, to a causal conjunction, and how its actual meaning is not considered standard by everyone, although currently it is used in spoken and transmitted Italian. On the basis of Mazzoleni’s studies, the essay analyses siccome through the old lexicographies (the various editions of the Vocabolario della Crusca; Tommaseo and Bellini; Tommaseo, 1840; Ugolini, 1848) and the modern dictionaries (Battaglia, 1961–2002; Sabatini and Coletti, 1997; De Mauro, 1999); also, it takes into account older and more recent grammars (Soave, 1771; Fornaciari, 1881; Battaglia and Pernicone, 1968; Serianni, 1989) as well as several documents taken from various diachronic corpora of written Italian, in an attempt to show every single meaning of siccome over time. By studying this case of grammaticalisation, I offer some insights and cues about the history of Italian grammar, about its variations in use, and how this affected the linguistic norm throughout the complex history of the Italian language.

11

Głupi / idiotyczny / nieszczęsny długopis, czyli o nie tylko ekspresywnym znaczeniu pewnego typu przymiotników

63%

Doboszyńska-Markiewicz K.

Poradnik Językowy

|

2023

|

vol. 807

|

issue 8

48-59

EN

This article shows lexemes such as głupi (gwóźdź), debilne (zebranie), idiotyczny (ząb), nieszczęsne (dokumenty) (a stupid/foolish/ridiculous/wretched (nail/meeting/tooth/document)) as a subgroup of metapredicative adjectives with expressive and colloquial markedness. When they moved to the level of speaking about speaking, they lost some of the formal characteristics of typical adjectives (they are non-contrastive, non-negatable, nod-gradable among other features) and the meanings associated with mental impairment, illness, and other misfortunes have changed into the carrier of the evaluation ‘it’s not worth talking about’. This process falls into the research on grammaticalisation. This article provides an overview of dictionary entries of the analysed expressions and the author’s preliminary hypothesis on their capability to reinforce assertion.

PL

Artykuł ukazuje leksemy typu głupi (gwóźdź), debilne (zebranie), idiotyczny (ząb), nieszczęsne (dokumenty) jako podgrupę przymiotników metapredykatywnych o nacechowaniu ekspresywnym i potocznym. Przechodząc na poziom mówienia o mówieniu, utraciły one niektóre cechy formalne typowych przymiotników (m.in. są niekontrastywne, nienegowalne, nie stopniują się), a znaczenia upośledzenia umysłowego, choroby i innych nieszczęść zmieniły się w nośnik oceny ‘nie warto o tym mówić’. Proces ten wpisuje się w badania nad gramatykalizacją. Artykuł zawiera przegląd haseł słownikowych analizowanych wyrażeń, a także wstępną hipotezę autorki o ich zdolności do wzmacniania asercji.

12

Język francuski w świetle opisu porównawczego Wybrane współczesne nurty badań

51%

Willems D.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia

|

2018

|

vol. 36

|

issue 1

EN

Starting from a number of specific case studies, we propose to illustrate some recent approaches in contrastive linguistics involving French. These studies concern the verb on the one hand, the adverb on the other. The analysis is corpus-based and deals with the pair French/English. Concerning the verbs, we focus on the visual perception verbs and the link between perception and cognition through the verbal complement structure. Our contribution will stress the importanceof the notion of construction and the lexical specificities of each language under study. As to the adverbs, we will focus on the evolution of adverbs of epistemic modality towards discursive and pragmatic markers (actually vs. actuellement and in fact vs. en fait, de fait and au fait). The phenomena in question imply various processes of grammatization and pragmaticalization.

FR

A partir de quelques études de cas, nous nous proposons d’illustrer certaines approches récentes en linguistique contrastive impliquant le français. Ces études concernent d’une part le verbe, d’autre part l’adverbe. L’analyse est basée sur une vaste étude de corpus et porte sur la paire français/anglais.En ce qui concerne le verbe, nous nous centrons sur les verbes de perception visuelle et le lien entre perception et cognition par le biais de la structure complétive. Notre contribution met en relief l’importance de la notion de construction et les spécificités lexicales de chaque langue considérée. Pour les adverbes, notre attention portera sur l’évolution des adverbes de modalité épistémique vers des marqueurs discursifs (actually vs. actuellement, in fact vs. en fait, de fait et au fait). Les phénomènes dont il est question impliquent des processus de grammaticalisation et de pragmaticalisation diversifiés.

PL

W niniejszym artykule, odwołując się do analiz kilku wybranych zjawisk językowych, przedstawiono niektóre metody badawcze wykorzystywane w ostatnich latach w językoznawstwie kontrastywnym.Przywołane analizy dotyczą opisu funkcjonowania czasownika i przysłówka. Opierają się one na badaniach korpusowych i koncentrują na porównaniu języka francuskiego z językiem angielskim. Jeśli chodzi o czasowniki, skupiono się na tych, które odnoszą się do percepcji wzrokowej oraz na związku między percepcją a poznaniem wyrażonym za pomocą zdania dopełnieniowego. Pozwala to na uwypuklenie roli konstrukcji gramatycznej i specyfiki leksykalnej każdego rozważanego języka. W przypadku przysłówków skupiono się na ewolucji ich funkcji od modalności epistemicznej do znaczników dyskursywnych (actually vs. actuellement, in fact vs. en fait, de fait et au fait). Zjawiska, o których mowa, implikują różne procesy gramatykalizacji i pragmatykalizacji.

Refine search results

Wariantywność predykacji klasyfikatorowych w polskim języku migowym – badanie pilotażowe

Degree of grammaticalisation of behind, beneath, between and betwixt in Middle English

Degree of Grammaticalisation of Behind, Beneath, Between and Betwixt in Middle English

Semantic Change in the Domain of Modality: English "must" and Polish "musieć"

Cognitive mechanisms and emergent grammatical features in Internet memes

Participial Perception Verb Complements in Old English

A history of conjunctions introducing negative clauses in English: The case of 'for dread that'

Typologie vs linguistique générale : un essai

Indicating verbs in British Sign Language favour motivated use of space

Per la storia di "siccome", da avverbio comparativo a congiunzione causale

Głupi / idiotyczny / nieszczęsny długopis, czyli o nie tylko ekspresywnym znaczeniu pewnego typu przymiotników

Język francuski w świetle opisu porównawczego Wybrane współczesne nurty badań