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EN
The author analyses the selected mechanisms in the spatial (planning) policy as well as its outcomes. He points out at the sources of complexity within this area, patterns of order and chaos. His hypothesis claims that unsatisfactory results come from the low level of the state’s governability in the area of policy formulation, implementation and evaluation. It also derives from inadequate institutional and analytical potential. As a consequence, public institutions are not able to use the regulatory instruments in an adequate way as well as to pay a proper attention to the policy analysis, including the consequences and long-term effects of spatial chaos. According to the author, cultural background seems to be important while trying to understand the state’s problems in the area of spatial policy. It leads to the fact that spatial issues are rather lower on the public agenda among other public concerns (like economic or developmental goals).
PL
Autor analizuje wybrane mechanizmy w polityce przestrzennej, a także to, co można nazwać jej rezultatami w Polsce. Wskazuje na źródła złożoności, wzorce ładu i chaosu w tej polityce. Stawia tezę, że niesatysfakcjonujące rezultaty wynikają z tego, iż instytucje państwa wypracowały niski poziom sterowności w programowaniu, implementowaniu i ewaluowaniu problemów przestrzennych. To skutek ich nieadekwatnego potencjału instytucjonalnego, analitycznego. W konsekwencji instytucje państwa nie są w stanie w sposób adekwatny posługiwać się instrumentami regulacyjnymi, nadawać odpowiedniego znaczenia roli analizy, w tym analizy konsekwencji i długoterminowych skutków występowania chaosu przestrzennego. Dla zrozumienia problemów z potencjałem państwa w tej polityce autor uważa za ważny kontekst kulturowy. Sprawia on, że zagadnienia zagospodarowania przestrzeni są nisko ulokowane na agendzie dyskutowanych zagadnień publicznych wśród innych zagadnień życia publicznego (jak cele gospodarcze, rozwojowe).
PL
The author begins her work by pointing out how legal regulations remain closely connected with all areas of life, more specifically the fact that interdependence between social relations and civil procedure model can be noted. She points out that the massification of legal events and the resultant necessity to provide simultaneous legal protection to many entities is one of the biggest challenges that legal systems all around the world have been facing for a long time. She also notes that legal systems that want to reflect developments in society must first precisely identify the interests present therein and then recognize those worthy of legal protection. Among the interests protected by law is the group interest. In Polish legal system it is protected by the group proceedings. The author points out that the idea to afford legal protection to many entities in one proceedings was born in common law system and took a form of class action. She recalls the considerations that underpinned the introduction of class action and the purposes it was meant to serve. She also presents the grounds for initiating the class action and the Polish group proceedings. Noticing the differences between them, the author considers how they affect the effectiveness of protecting group interests in legal proceedings.
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