The system of preventing and resolving alcohol-related problems used in Poland gives municipalities (gminas), as territorial units, the fundamental role in it. The municipality council is obliged to establish a number of programmes on the basis of the act on municipality self-government, as well as the regulations of other acts, including the Act of 26th October 1982 on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism (A.U.S.C.A.) of the Municipality Programme for Preventing and Resolving Alcohol-related Problems (LCPP&RAP). The programme takes into account the areas of action listed in Article 41 section 1 of the A.U.S.C.A. and the indications included in the recommendations developed by the National Agency for Resolving Alcohol-related Problems. It should be emphasized that the implementation of tasks in the field of preventing and resolving alcohol-related problems under the programme is part of the strategy for resolving social problems, and takes into account the operational objectives set out in the National Health Programme. The regulations of the A.U.S.C.A. also provide the municipality witha significant role in implementing actions to tackle alcohol addiction. The actions are taken on three levels by: (1) appointing a local community committee for resolving problems (Article 41 section 3), (2) determining within resolutions the maximum number of permits for the sale of alcoholic beverages and the rules of locating places of sale and serving alcoholic beverages (Article 12 sections 1–3), (3) issuing permits for the sale of alcohol (Article 18 section 1) and monitoring the legitimacy of using these permits (Article 18 section 8). In addition, the LCPP&RAP provides solutions regarding forms, methods and projects undertaken by the municipality. It is important to note that the municipality self-government, as a result of decentralization of the state, has received extensive competence to conduct its own policy on alcohol-related problems, which is why its role is crucial.
The present paper is concerned with measuring public health on the national level both as a determinant of life quality and as an area of sustainable development in its social dimension. The Sustainable Development Indicators Application is a publicly available tool for monitoring the condition of society. It was developed in the Statistical Office in Katowice in cooperation with the Statistical Office in Wroclaw, and launched on the official website of the Central Statistical Office of Poland in February 2016. The SDI Application is a proposal of official statistics for disseminating and presenting information on the sustainable development of the country. It includes a set of indicators grouped into areas within four domains: social, economic, environmental and institutional-political on the national, regional and local levels. SD indicators on the national list monitor goals referring to sustainable development, set out in national strategic documents, including quality of life, which underlies social, economic and institutional-political development of the country. Currently, the Polish SDI set is being further developed according to the guidelines outlined in the 2030 Agenda adopted at the UN Summit in 2015.
The article presents the analysis of the phenomenon of disability from the perspective of human-based capabilities approach. Both health and disability, are concepts that are difficult to be defined precisely. Throughout history, the approach to what health and what disease and disability are have changed. The current approach to health emphasizes the fact that it is something more than just the absence of the disease. It is a kind of well-being experienced at the physical, mental and social level. Th is approach was based on the concept correlates of human capabilities, in which one of the most taken matters is the welfare of man. Health is one of the most valuable opportunities, which has a direct impact on the implementation of other valuable ways of being or acting. On the other hand, disability is manifestations of human diversity and complex interaction with the environment. Its underlying damage (impairment) that may – but need not – turn into a disability. Whether this happens depends on the one hand, the resources that a person has, or that can be used, and on the other – from the conversion factors that may facilitate or restrict access to the capabilities, and through it – the functioning, which considers valuable. Hence, disability may be treated as a form of multidimensional deprivation.
Medical law is subject to various approaches and definitions in the jurisprudence. It can be derived from the complexity of the matter, as well as its considerable novelty. Methods applied to define medical law stem from various jurispruden- tial convictions. This article turns attention to such basic problems of defining medical law as ratione materiae of the regulation, social structure underpinning regulation, and theoretical approaches (conceptual approach to law system, derivative concept of interpretation) to building a law system.
The article presents the study to determine the biological age (BA), adaptive potential (AP), level of physical condition (LPC) and shown to be informative for the diagnosis of the level of health of students. With a battery of tests for BA were tested 50 students aged 17 to 19 years. Analyzed the factors that have the strongest relationship with the index BA. Determination of BV can identify risk groups and effectively valeological recreational activities at school.
The aim of this pilot study was to determine (a) the effects of high intensity strength training in the workplace on blood pressure, fat percentage and physical fitness in overweight adults, and (b) the influence of this intervention on the blood pressure in a subsample of hypertensive subjects. Overweight adults (n=15) aged 42.8 years underwent anthropometric assessment (weight, fat percentage, waist circumference, and triceps skinfold), physical fitness assessment (leg extensor power, upper body endurance, hand grip strength and Vo2max) and blood pressure assessment before and after 8 weeks of high intensity resistance training in the workplace. Each training session consisted of 16 sets of 45 repetitions performed at 1 repetition per second, decreasing load at the point of muscular failure starting at 60% of repetition maximum (RM). The effects of the intervention were analyzed by paired sample t-tests. For exploratory purposes, a non-parametric test was also performed (Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank) to examine if this decision could affect the results. Weight, body fat percentage, and triceps skinfold decreased significantly with the high intensity resistance training protocol in the workplace (all P<0.05). Performance in physical fitness tests increased significantly with training (all P<0.05), except for handgrip strength. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly with R-HIRT in the workplace (all P <0.05) in hypertensive subjects (n=10). This protocol performed in the workplace in this pilot study produces health and fitness benefits in overweight and hypertensive people.
The aim of the article is to determine the readiness of students of physical education department to the implementation of health care technologies. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literature, methods of survey and pedagogical supervision. The article deals with the problem of diagnostics of some pupils’ health factors held by the teacher using computers. The relationship of these factors with the health of pupils is revealed. It is pointed out that health is the unity of physical, mental, and spiritual components that make up the holistic relationship to environmental factors and social conditions of human life. Over the past 20 years, the demographic and epidemiological situation in Ukraine is characterized by unfavorable trends: an increasing number of diseases associated with lifestyle and tobacco use, alcoholic beverages, drugs, a growing number of accidents and suicides; increases the number of HIV-infected people, especially at young age; return old epidemic diseases. Methodological approach for the assessment of human health is based on the following principle: health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or defects. It is pointed out that the level of health can be assessed quantitatively, taking as a basis the value of the reserve capacity of the body, ensuring the maintenance of its homeostasis of the internal environment in adapting to the constantly changing conditions of the external world (or load). In this regard, one can use various stress tests, allowing to detect the amount of reserve capacity of the various systems and the whole organism. It is stressed that the child’s body is in constant development, so the parameters describing his health change in ontogeny. Therefore, when assessing the health of children and adolescents the dynamics of physical development, functional, psycho-emotional state of the organism and the learning environment, which must have health-preserving character must be taken into account. These principles formed the basis of the developed monitoring of the pupils’ health. Health monitoring is a dynamic screening diagnostics of physical development, functional reserves of the organism, neurodynamic indicators of the nervous system, mental status, individual constitutional peculiarities, adaptive (backup) capabilities, lifestyle and environment, in which take place the activity of the participants of the educational process.
Purpose: To evaluate perceptions of nurses as health educators held by children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years based on their artwork. Materials and methods: 514 children's drawings were analyzed. Titled "With a Nurse for Health," drawings were submitted from all over Poland, coming from hospital recreation centers, schools, art studios, sick children, children with special needs, and healthy children. Results: Children created images of nurses engaged in a detailed range of professional duties, including delivering care to children and attending to children’s personal hygiene. The drawings portrayed the nurses delivering first aid care for cases of injury, bleeding, and fractures, as well as applying or changing dressings. Nurses were depicted in hospital rooms, nurse’s offices, and emergency rooms. Conclusion: We believe that the analysis of children's artworks can help in the planning of health programs aimed at children
Due to WHO – health is a physical, psychical and social welfare. The collapse of health is serious threats of safety. Only healthy man may be liable to education, will participate in organizational processes, actively and creatively incorporate processes aimed at improving safety culture and defense, which serves harmonious development of certain entities and achieving safety in its broad sense. Meanwhile fatigue, caused by unhealthy lifestyle or physico-somatic changes, reduces feeling of welfare which is equivalent of safety. Taking adequate measures to minimize subjective feeling of lack of welfare might contribute to increasing our effectiveness and creativity and, at the same time, to improve conditions to our safety.
Physical fitness and health are two concepts that more and more evidence show their close relationship. The main aim of this paper is to provide an assessment protocol accessible, affordable and easy to apply, to assess fitness and health. To test the protocol, a total amount of 115 participants (59 men and 56 women) aged 25.9 years were assessed. The assessment protocol is designed and tested for application in a population over 18 years of age. It was used to assess the University of Balearic Islands community users. Based on evidence and validated tests (Alpha and Afisal test batteries, Stepping Queen College Test), the following measures for the design of the protocol for assessing the level of fitness and health were recorded: anthropometry (weight, BMI, body fat, waist circumference), fitness (lower extremity strength, upper body endurance, hand grip strength, maximum oxygen intake, flexibility), and blood pressure. The assessment protocol include the previous action of the reception of the participant (explanation and administering of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire) and an ending action where a report of the results obtained and individual recommendations to improve the overall fitness and health level is provided to each participant.
Tea is the most common beverage in the world. It is consumed mostly as green tea, oolong, or black tea. Depending on the manufacturing process, different varieties of tea can be produced. As tea is one of the most popular beverages, it could be a tremendously important source of polyphenolic constituents. Tea leaves are a source of polyphenols, especially catechins, which are known for their antioxidative activity. Various studies suggest that polyphenolic compounds present in black tea are associated with beneficial effects in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, anti-aging, antidiabetic and many other health beneficial effects associated with tea consumption have been reported. The review highlights the potential of black tea, its health benefits in terms of antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties as well as protective agents against cardiovascular diseases.
W artykule omówiono problemy dotyczące poprawy motywacji aktywności dzieci uczęszczających do szkół podstawowych. Dzięki odpowiedniej ilości aktywności fizycznej, dzieci ze wszystkich grup wiekowych mogą osiągnąć optymalny poziom zdrowia i rozwoju fizycznego, nabędą też odpowiednie umiejętności ruchowe. Ważnym problemem naszych czasów jest poprawa stanu zdrowia dzieci. Wyniki przedstawionych w artykule badań świadczą o stosunkowo niskim poziomie zdrowia dzieci w wieku szkolnym, co wiąże się z obniżonym poziomem ich aktywności fizycznej. Badania dowodzą, że u dzieci w wieku 6 i 7 lat liczba godzin, w trakcie których dzieci podejmują aktywność fizyczną na średnim i wysokim poziomie, wykazuje tendencję spadkową. Grupa wiekowa sześciolatków spędza średnio 2 godziny 10 minut (9,1%) na poziomie średnim, 40 minut (2,6%) na poziomie wysokim, a w przypadku siedmiolatków – 1 godzinę 7 minut (7,35%) na poziomie średnim i 20 min. (1,05%) na poziomie wysokim. Największą ilość czasu spędza się na poziomie podstawowym (44,5% w wieku lat 6,i 39,4% w wieku lat 7). W przypadku sześciolatków 88,3% czasu przypada na poziomy podstawowy i niski, natomiast w przypadku siedmiolatków – 91,6%; 11,7% i 8,4% czasu przypisuje się odpowiednio poziomom średnim i wysokim, co wskazuje na siedzący styl życia. Rozwiązanie problemu zachowania zdrowia i zapewnienia harmonijnego rozwoju osobowości w placówkach szkolnych ma ogromne znaczenie. W tym względzie kultura fizyczna, jako podstawa zapewnienia i wzmocnienia zdrowia dzieci, stoi w obliczu wyzwań, które wymagają rozwoju i utworzenia takiego systemu wychowania fizycznego w szkolnictwie podstawowym, który za-pewni poprawę wszystkich elementów składowych zdrowia – umysłowego, społecznego i fizycznego. Jednym z warunków skuteczności w systemie organizacji ćwiczeń sportowych i rekreacyjnych jest wprowadzenie urozmaiconych form pracy, uwzględniających zainteresowania i motywacje dzieci.
EN
The article is about problems in increasing motive activity for children of primary school age, the aim of which is improving their health. Thanks to a sufficient amount of physical activity children of all age groups have an optimum level of health, physical development and will acquire motor skills. One of the important problems of our time is to improve the health of children. The study indicates a relatively low level of health in children of primary school age, which is associated with decreased levels of physical activity. Studies show that for children of 6 to 7 years of age the number of hours on average and high levels of motor activity tend to decrease. At the age of six 2 hours. 10 min (9,1%) are spent at the average level, 40 minutes (2.6 per cent) – at the high level, and at the age of seven – 1 hour. 7 min(7,35%) are spent at the average level, 20 min (1,05%) – at the high level. The greatest number of hours is spent at the basic level (44,5% at the age of 6, 39.4% – at the age of 7). At the age of six 88.3% of the time are given to the base and low level, at the age of seven – 91.6 %, 11.7 % and 8.4 % are given to the average and high levels accordingly, which indicates a sedentary lifestyle. The solution to the problem of preservation of health and ensuring harmonious development of personality in educational institutions is of great practical importance. In this regard physical culture, as the basis of ensuring the strengthening of children's health, has new challenges that require the development and creation of physical education system in secondary schools which provides improvement of all components in health - mental, social, physical. One of the conditions of effectiveness in the system of organization of sports and recreation activities is the introduction of various forms of work, taking into account the interests and motives of the children.
The aim of this study was to determine the health status of homeless men from Tarnow district. The study included 70 men, residents of the Reception Center for Homeless Men in Tarnów. We conducted a diagnostic survey with originally designed questionnaire. Longer duration of homelessness is reflected by the enhancement of undesirable attitudes; this leads to changes in life situation, social status, and social position. Our study revealed that homelessness and its consequences have complex and multidirectional character. The most frequent causes of homelessness included alcoholism and divorces (20% each). Nearly one half of the respondents (47%) declared that their health status is neither good nor poor, and 31% of the homeless men characterized their health as poor or very poor. As many as 83% of the respondents believed that homelessness contributed to (partial or complete) deterioration of their health. Arterial hypertension, dermatological conditions, liver cirrhosis, and ophthalmological disorders turned out to be the most prevalent diseases in the study group. As many as 63% of the homeless men did not use any prescription medications systematically, and 37% declared taking them regularly.
PL
Celem badań było poznanie sytuacji zdrowotnej bezdomnych mężczyzn z terenów powiatu tarnowskiego. Grupę badawczą stanowiło 70 mężczyzn przebywających w Domu dla Bezdomnych Mężczyzn w Tarnowie. Do realizacji wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Czas pozostawania w bezdomności wpływa na pogłębienie niepożądanych postaw, które powodują zmianę w sytuacji życiowej, statusie i pozycji społecznej. Przeprowadzone badania wskazały, że bezdomność i jej skutki mają charakter złożony, mogą oddziaływać wielokierunkowo. Do najczęstszych przyczyn bezdomności należały alkoholizm i rozwód (po 20%). Blisko połowa ankietowanych (47%) deklarowała, że ich stan zdrowia był ani dobry, ani zły. Aż 31% badanych określiło swój stan zdrowia jako zły i bardzo zły. Aż 83% ankietowanych uznało, że bezdomność wpłynęła na pogorszenie ich stanu zdrowia (częściowo lub całkowicie). Najczęściej występującymi schorzeniami były: nadciśnienie tętnicze, choroby skóry, marskość wątroby i choroby oczu. Aż 63% badanych nie przyjmowało systematycznie leków, a 37% stwierdziło, że bierze je regularnie.
Childbirth is a physiological state that usually stirs – for obvious reasons – many emotions The attitude of the society towards childbirth has come a long way – from a natural approach, based on confidence in maternal instinct, up to a full medical-care one that deprives the woman giving birth of any influence on the process, and finally, slowly returning to the first stage The proposed learning tools use a wide range of sources of information on childbirth- from posts on Internet forums to scientific publications. The current postulate is consistent with the purpose of learning a new subject- Nature: understanding the scientific method, hypotheses generation and their verification by observation and experimentation. The reference material contains information concerning observational data.
PL
Poród jest stanem fizjologicznym który budzi – z oczywistych względów – wiele emocji. Stosunek człowieka do porodu przeszedł długą drogę– od podejścia naturalnego, opartego o zaufanie do instynktu rodzącej do głębokiej medykalizacji porodu, pozbawiającej rodzącą wpływu na jego przebieg i powoli powraca do punktu wyjścia. Proponowane narzędzia dydaktyczne korzystają z wielu różnorodnych źródeł informacji na temat porodu – od wypowiedzi na forach internetowych po opracowania naukowe. Przyjęte założenie jest zgodne z celem kształcenia nowego przedmiotu – przyrody: Rozumienie metody naukowej, polegającej na stawianiu hipotez i ich weryfikowaniu za pomocą obserwacji i eksperymentów.
The World Health Organisation's rationale for physical activity draws heavily on scientific evidence regarding disease and obesity. Greater philosophical reflection on such concepts, along with a recognition that supposed scientific facts are rarely value-free, allow for a more positive and considered argument for physical activity and its benefits. Olympism, Olympic culture, sports education, pedagogy of sport
The theoretical framework for this research is the sociology of leisure and the sociology of health. Because sedentary behaviour (of employees) is a relevant new research area with important health risks, we decided to focus our attention on this subject. Moreover, sedentary behaviour in the workplace seems to be an important topic for the future. The general aim of the research is to provide a platform for exchange on effective approaches for promoting health-enhancing physical activity among workers, to learn from experiences in different European countries and to promote the most effective approaches across Europe. Two methods of qualitative research were used. The first was the method of expert judges. By way of direct interview, the statements of nine persons were collected, all of whom were recognised as competent judges. The second method was the analysis of the content of the literature (quality method). Using the computer program Atlas.ti, the respondents and their answers were examined. Most of the indications (89%) concerned responses indicating physical activity. In general, the experts are quite physically active and keep a healthy (in their opinion) diet. They have both knowledge and appropriate skills in physical education. They point to the growing interest of younger academics in health and fitness, which may be associated with trends in popular culture, such as a sporty lifestyle, the cult of the body, various healthy diets and supplements, etc., that are becoming the universal fashion. The aim of this work was to provide a platform for exchange on effective approaches to the promotion of health-enhancing physical activity among workers, to learn from experience in different European countries and to promote the most effective approaches across the region. Because the sedentary behaviour of employees is a relevant new research area with important health risks, we decided to focus our attention on this subject.
The article investigates theoretical viewpoints’ development towards health of an individual as an economic resource, which at present acquires one of the most essential meanings contributing to the economic development of the country. It also explains an idea that the health resource is a source of two other the most important economic resources – labor and knowledge. The specific features of health resource as an independent social-economic category are presented and the periodization of economic theory human-centered conceptions is provided.
Health is an integral part of sustainable development, a process that can’t be materialized if there is a high prevalence of diseases, a high percentage of those is due to environmental factors. An important component of health is the healthy nutrition, especially of children and pregnant women. Iodine is an essential micronutrient for a good nutrition that covers the physiological needs of the body, iodine deficiency having important consequences for mother and fetus, then for children, especially in the first years of life. The main role of iodine in the body is due to his importance for synthesis of thyroid hormones involved in growth and development of psychic and somatic body, starting with intrauterine life. Iodine deficiency was, and still is, a public health problem, globally the most affected countries are in Central Africa, central South America and northern Asia. Europe iodine deficiency is relatively lower. Multiple interventions were made to improve and even eradicate iodine deficiency disorders, in particular through the universal iodization of salt for human consumption, but must be supported in continuing efforts because this issue is not fully resolved to this day.
Improving the health of the population, stopping and changing the disadvantage trends have long been one of the health policy objectives in the regions. Unfortunately in spite of the declared goals Hungary is far away from giving priority to health issues as they are not given proper attention either on individual or societal level. In modern societies local communities play an increasingly important role in the development of quality of life. Their activity, their influence over the power structures become dominant. Quality of life is made up of objective and subjective components. Their important sub-areas are health, financial situation, income situations, housing and social relationship. Quality of life studies are the most frequent health-related research studies, the most remarkable results have been achieved here. Healthrelated quality of life is one of the most important and maybe the most frequently researched dimension of quality of life showing how much health status contributes to the welfare of the individuals. The primary objective of the research studies the improvement of the health status of the population and within it the health status of the individual as well as the reduction of health inequalities can be designated. The improvement of the quality of life can be rationalized as health benefit for the society. Its two main components are the extension of the life expectancy and the increase in numbers of the resulting years. The health of the Hungarian population is said to be unfavourable in international comparison and it can also be stated that it is significantly poorer than it could be expected according to the socio-economic development level
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