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National policies for healthy ageing: the maltese experience

100%
Formosa M.
EXLIBRIS Biblioteka Gerontologii Społecznej
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2017
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issue 1 (13) /2017 Active and Healthy Ageing
73 - 84
EN
Public policy in Malta is strongly geared towards improving the levels of healthy ageing of present and incoming cohorts of older persons. Ageing policy in Malta follows the European Commission’s document Guiding Principles for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations which underlined how societies must not be solely content with a remarkable increase in life expectancy, but must also strive to extend healthy life years, and then to provide opportunities for physical and mental activities that are adapted to the capacities of older individuals. The government of Malta employs 14 consultant geriatricians who work mainly in the public rehabilitation hospital and residential/nursing homes, concentrating on frail elders, and in specialty clinics – for example, on memory, falls, and continence. This means that there is a consultant geriatrician for every 7,948 persons aged 60-plus, which compares well to other European Union nations such as Germany (7,496), Spain (7,701), United Kingdom (8,871), and Switzerland (9,250). At the same time, the Maltese government has launched the National Strategic Policy for Active Ageing, National Dementia Strategy, and the Minimum Standards for Care Homes in Malta all of which include a range of recommendations that aim to lead older persons towards higher levels of healthy ageing.
2
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Invitation for seniors’ activity – age friendly city

100%
Konieczna-Woźniak R.
EXLIBRIS Biblioteka Gerontologii Społecznej
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2017
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issue 1 (13) /2017 Active and Healthy Ageing
93-106
EN
Human’s life space usually decreases along with their age. Thanks to certain global and local solutions it may remain broader and serve healthy ageing and maintaining quality of life. Life space of the seniors is a crucial issue of the social gerontology. This article refers to the problems of the city space that may stimulate or devitalise active, healthy lives of older people and their propitious old age. According to the agreements of the World Health Organisation a hospitable city for old people is the city that takes care of the following for its seniors: public space, transportation, accommodation, social participation, integration, employment, communication and information, support of the environment and health care. A serious threat for the quality of life of the growing urban population is shrinking of the public space and growing of the private space. The city space should not favour any of the age groups as everybody ages, irrespective of their age. The space must support building the relations between generations. In Poland many cities try to join the global network of the places open for older people. In 2016 Poznań: joined this network. This is a very prestigious distinction but also a liability for the city.
3
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Proposal for a Method of Constructing Inclusive Urban Green Infrastructure

100%
Fronczek-Wojciechowska M., Kopacz K., Padula G., Wiśniewski S., Wojnarowska A.
European Spatial Research and Policy
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2017
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vol. 24
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issue 1
81-105
EN
Population ageing and growing awareness of the need for physical activity is one of the most important topics in Europe nowadays. But it should be noted that there is still no interdisciplinary and integrated approach to urban environment planning concerning physical activity of elderly people which would take into account special needs and possibilities of this particular group. Elderly people represent one of the groups which are threatened with social exclusion for different reasons. This article presents a proposal for a method of constructing a spatial system consisting of natural and anthropogenic elements of urban environment which can be interpreted as Inclusive Urban Green Infrastructure, enabling active and healthy ways of recreation, including the needs of elderly persons. It is based on the existing elements of the environment, but to create a well-functioning system in urban space it is necessary to introduce additional elements, both natural and man-created. The method refers to the spatial definition of areas for active recreation which meet the adopted, specific for elderly people, pro-health and functional requirements. Creation of such a system in cities would contribute to inclusion of this group into social life, thus boosting social coherence and integration across generations, and would also bring beneficial health results. Such infrastructure would also be of considerable importance for sustainable urban growth and improvement of the quality of urban space. The paper is based on source materials from the fields of science investigating health in connection with physiology of the process of ageing, influence of physical activity on this process, impact of negative features of the environment on the health of elderly people as well as urban space planning and development. The proposed methodology of constructing Inclusive Urban Green Infrastructure is presented on the example of Łódź, using data from the Geographic Information System (Topographic Objects Database) and population database for cities.
4
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Choroby przewlekłe. Obciążenie, jakość życia i konsekwencje ekonomiczne

75%
Topór-Mądry R.
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie
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2011
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vol. 9
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issue 1
25-49
EN
Chronic diseases are main reason of death in most of the countries around the world. Because of their nature and etiology the risk of chronic disease increases with age. Ageing of populations caused by low birth rate and increase of life expectancy have also impact on the increase of the prevalence of chronic diseases. Despite of mortality, chronic diseases are a reason of disability and low quality of life. Chronic diseases have also economic effects, influence current economy and future growth. Fortunately, many of the risk factors for chronic disease are known and can be prevented. All of mentioned aspects of chronic diseases were reason for development of the strategy of “healthy ageing” meaning, “helping people to live long and productive lives and enjoy a good quality of life”.
5
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Active ageing in Slovakia

63%
Kaščáková A., Martinkovičová M.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2019
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issue 45(2)
47-67
EN
The paper deals with the current challenge of population ageing. International organisations, institutions as well as national governments are looking for ways to solve this problem. Slovakia is also one of the countries that must take measures to mitigate the consequences of this process. Specific attention is paid to the so-called active ageing. It examines ways and forms of active ageing as the lifestyle of seniors (work, education, cultural, sports and other leisure activities). The paper brings the results of representative empirical research on the lives of Slovak households. It identifies seniors’ predominant ways of spending time in relation to their own family, intergenerational relationships, interest in the labor market, further education or the use of computer skills. The contribution also offers unique insights into senior well-being. Time allocation is identified at a national level through Time Use Survey (TUS). This type of survey has not been carried out in Slovakia yet. The empirical research, carried out for the first time, created space for studying time allocation and tested one of the methods of detecting positive emotional affectivity of the respondents. The originally processed results show what the seniors consider as the most pleasant activities at their age.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy aktualnego wyzwania, jakim jest starzenie się populacji. Organizacje i instytucje międzynarodowe oraz krajowe rządy poszukują sposobów rozwiązania tego problemu. Słowacja jest jednym z krajów, które muszą podjąć działania w celu złagodze-nia skutków tego procesu. Szczególną uwagę zwraca się na tak zwane aktywne starzenie się. Analizuje się sposoby i formy aktywnego starzenia się traktowanego jako styl życia seniorów (praca, edukacja, kultura, sport i inne formy spędzania wolnego czasu). W artykule przedstawiono wyniki reprezentatywnych badań empirycznych dotyczących życia słowackich gospodarstw domowych. Ukazano dominujące sposoby spędzania czasu przez seniorów w kontekście życia rodzinnego, relacji międzypokoleniowych, zainteresowania rynkiem pracy, dalszej edukacji lub korzystania z umiejętności komputerowych. Zaproponowano również oryginalne spojrzenie na dobrostan seniorów. Dysponowanie czasem jest określone na poziomie krajowym za pomocą badań TUS (Time Use Survey). Ten rodzaj badań nie był wcześniej realizowany w Słowacji. Przeprowadzone po raz pierwszy badania empiryczne stworzyły przestrzeń do badania alokacji czasu i przetestowały jedną z metod wykrywania pozytywnej afektywności respondentów. Wstępnie opracowane wyniki pokazują, co seniorzy uważają w tej fazie życia za najprzyjemniejsze zajęcia.
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TWORZENIE POLITYKI ZDROWEGO I AKTYWNEGO STARZENIA SIĘ W POLSCE, CZECHACH I BUŁGARII (ESTABLISHING HEALTHY AND ACTIVE AGEING POLICIES IN POLAND, THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND BULGARIA)

63%
Sowa-Kofta A.
Polityka Społeczna
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2020
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vol. 47
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issue 7(556)
18-26
EN
Central and Eastern European populations are entering a period of rapid aging. Older people are experiencing numerous problems associated with deteriorating health and functional limitations, creating pressure for adequate response from the state’s health and social policy. The article is based on information collected in the two international projects: CEQUA LTC Network and Pro-Health 65+ and its goal is to review policies on healthy and active aging formulated in recent decades in three countries: Czech Republic, Bulgaria and Poland. The health promotion programs in these countries are aimed at improving the health and well-being of the population, referring to the concept of healthy aging in relation to health risks, prevention of chronic diseases and disability in old age. At the same time, in the social sector, strategies and programs were brought to life referring to the concept of active aging, underlying the need for participation of older people in social life, creation of an elderly friendly environment and development of services supporting older people. Implementation of these policies and programmes is affected by limited financial resources, low awareness of the problems of the older population in local communities, and lack of local resources to create the appropriate infrastructure. The effectiveness of programs’ implementation is also influenced by the sectoral nature of programmes and poor in tersectoral cooperation.
PL
Populacje krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej wchodzą w okres gwałtownego starzenia się. Coraz liczebniejsze kohorty osób starszych doświadczają problemów związanych z pogarszającym się stanem zdrowia i ograniczeniami funkcjonalnymi, co tworzy presję na odpowiedź ze strony polityki zdrowotnej i społecznej państwa. Artykuł opiera się na materiałach zgromadzonych w dwóch międzynarodowych projektach: CEQUA LTC Network oraz Pro-Health 65+ i jego celem jest przegląd polityk w zakresie zdrowego i aktywnego starzenia się sformułowanych w ostatnich dekadach w Czechach, Bułgarii i Polsce. Ogłoszone programy w zakresie promocji zdrowia nakierowane są na poprawę stanu zdrowia i dobrostanu populacji, odwołując się do koncepcji zdrowego starzenia się w odniesieniu do ryzyk zdrowotnych, prewencji chorób przewlekłych i niepełnosprawności w starszym wieku. Równolegle, w sektorze społecznym, strategie i programy odwołują się koncepcji aktywnego starzenia się, uczestnictwa osób starszych w życiu społecznym, tworzenia środowiska przyjaznego dla osób starszych oraz rozbudowy sieci usług wspierających osoby starsze. Na wdrożenie tych założeń wpływają ograniczone środki finansowe, niska świadomość problemów starszej populacji w środowisku lokalnym i brak zasobów lokalnych do tworzenia odpowiedniej infrastruktury. Na skuteczność realizacji programów wpływa również sektorowość realizowanych działań i niedostatki koordynacji działań.
7
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Promocja zdrowia adresowana do osób starszych wśród europejskich strategii wobec starzenia się

51%
Golinowska S.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2016
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issue 34(3)
27-51
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony promocji zdrowia adresowanej do osób starszych w kontekście postulowanej i realizowanej strategii zdrowego starzenia się w Europie. Wyjaśniane są też inne strategie społeczno-zdrowotne postulowane w obliczu uniwersalnej tendencji starzenia się populacji. Na tle zaprezentowanych głównych cech statusu zdrowotnego oraz specyfiki ryzyka zdrowotnego osób starszych opisano główne działania z zakresu promocji zdrowia. Ukazano aspekty instytucjonalne i finansowe realizowanych programów. Zwrócono uwagę na znaczenie medycznie potwierdzonej i kosztowo efektywnej promocji zdrowia, pozwalającej na wzrost indywidualnego kontrolowania zdrowia i samoopieki jako pewnej alternatywy dla rosnących wydatków na usługi lecznicze dla starzejącego się społeczeństwa. Podstawą rozważań jest koncepcja oraz wstępne wyniki badań europejskiego projektu Promocja zdrowia i ochrona przed ryzykiem — działania na rzecz seniorów „Pro health 65+”, realizowanego w ramach Drugiego Europejskiego Programu Zdrowia.
EN
This article focuses on health promotion for older people in the framework of the Euro- pean strategy of healthy ageing, which is proposed or already implemented in European countries. Various health and social strategies related to universal ageing process are presented in the article. Against the backdrop of health status of older people and their specific health risk the main actions of health promotion are described. Institutional and financial dimensions of health promotion programs are discussed. It is shown that medically justified and cost-effective health promotion actions which stimulate individual health control and long individual independency can reduce the pressure on the growth of public funds allocated on medical services for elderly people. These considerations are based on the first results of the European project Health Promotion and Prevention of Risk. Actions for Seniors — “Pro health 65+”, being a part of the Second European Health Program.
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