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EN
Hearing impaired people have serious communication problems: both with (full) understanding of reality and with learning the first language. In order to counteract communication exclusion, they compensate for the deficiencies with an increased use of other senses. They learn the first language consciously with the help of a speech therapist, compensating for hearing dysfunctions, e.g. wide-angle vision. Karpińska-Szaj calls such learning inclusive; they can be successfully used in teaching foreign languages.
PL
The authors hereby present a report on research aimed at the possibilities of adjustments of psychodiagnostic materials to be used in the population of children with hearing impairments in order to reduce or eliminate the functional impact of the defect on the child's performance and consequently on the diagnostic process. The adjustment was made by formal language modification without intervention in the content, and by the creation of a version in Czech sign language. The B-J.E.P.I. personality questionnaire and a comprehension subtest using the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (further WISC-III) were experimentally modified and tested in practice between 2011 and 2016.
EN
The aim of the research was to identify and describe the function of resilience factors in families of children with hearing impairment. The research sample included 54 families. The definition of time data, the time interval between the first parents’ suspicion and completion of the diagnostic process and the time interval between the diagnosis and provision of first compensation aid, may be seen as the most significant outcomes. The results show that stability and pro-social elements are not affected by the structure of the family, nor by the educational level or religiousness of the parents. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the communication burden affecting the family of a child with hearing impairment is lower in children whose parents became aware of the hearing defi ciency at the child’s lower age, and significantly lower if the hearing impairment was diagnosed before the 12th month of the child’s age. In terms of the social impact of the child’s hearing impairment on the family it was demonstrated that the income level significantly affects the impact of the child’s hearing impairment on social life, and also that the religiosity of parents has no effect on eliminating the negative perception of the hearing impairment.
EN
The issue of the article focuses on the demand and supply innovation incentives aimed at people with varying degrees of hearing loss. The aim of this publication is to confront actual inventive activity representing the supply side with expectations of their users who create demand-side innovative incentives. Thus, for the purposes of this article will be used two research methods. Inventive activity will be analyzed using the patent metrics tools. Its assessment and identification of users expectations (on the example of hearing aids) will be made based on results of questionnaires.
EN
The speech of hearing-impaired persons, especially those with prelingual impairment, exhibits observable disorders of perception and realization of prosodic features and phenomena. The disorders particularly affect the perception of basic frequency of speech signals, changes of which (frequency) form intonation structures, contribute as the main factors to forming phrasal stress, and play a significant role in coding the emotional marking of prosodic structures. The primary causes of the foregoing irregularities are the impaired auditory control of utterances of the surrounding people resulting in the inability to fully use the proper patterns of prosodic structures, and impaired auditory self-control. The article presents the results of the author’s studies on intonation perception by six-to-eleven-year-old children with prelingual hearing impairment, with moderate, severe and profound hearing loss, as well as children with perilingual hearing impairment, with mild, moderate, and severe hearing loss. The obtained results confirmed the influence of early-onset prelingual hearing loss on the occurrence of severe disorders in the development of perception of intonation structures.
EN
The article discusses the problems of the possibility of using picture word comprehension tests in logopedic diagnosis of hearing-impaired persons. The study presents the example of adjusting the procedure and interpretation of the Polish Picture Vocabulary Test – Comprehension [Polish: Obrazkowy Test Słownikowy – Rozumienie (OTSR)] to test hearing-impaired children and young people. Examples of testing persons of different age and with different characteristics of hearing deficits were presented. On the basis of these and experience of therapy work changes in the procedure for OTSR testing are proposed, which would allow the wide use of the test in surdologopedic diagnosis. The paper also discusses the consequences of introducing changes in the procedure in respect of interpretation of OTSR results and comparing them with the existing norms for typically developing monolingual Polish children.
EN
The object and aim of the undertaken surveys was to assess the modifying impact of a child’s language development (independent variable) on selected areas of their mother’s functioning-the appearance of symptoms of depression, and concentration on the child’s disability (dependent variable). Surveys in a group of the same 30 dyads (mother-child) connected with the Association of Family and Friends of Children with Hearing Impairment in Krosno were conducted in 2007 and repeated after 9 years. Analysis of the test data (n=60) confirmed the hypothesis that the appearance of symptoms of depression in mothers is less frequent and a mother’s perception of a child’s hearing impairment as burdensome decreases alongside the development of a child’s language competence. The article is critical of the results of surveys conducted by other researchers. The authors also analyse other factors, including the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Programme, place of residence, quality of specialist treatment and therapy, and the passage of time, which may influence change in the functioning of mothers of children with hearing impairment.
PL
This case study shows the consequences of a late diagnosis and treatment of a child suffering from a chronic, recurrent inflammation of the middle ear, resulting in conductive, fluctuating, mild hearing loss. The article presents the child’s communication and psychological problems stemming from hearing difficulties. This study uses three diagnostic tools in order to comprehensively assess the individual developmental spheres of the boy. The final part of the article contains conclusions and postulates regarding the importance of early therapeutic care.
EN
The analysis of neurophysiological development processes of implanted children with profound hearing loss does indicate the links between the level of language skills development and motor functions within the scope of both fine and gross motor skills. The purpose of the research, that was carried out within the two week rehabilitation period on a group of 17 children with profound hearing loss, now cochlear implant users, was to verify whether the launch of Early Intervention programme (in the form of global movements, focused on the vestibular system) will be effective in improving motor skills and strongly correlate with the level of speech development. The results did confirm the hypothesis of the effectiveness of impact-oriented motor exercises on the vestibular system that aimed to improve the sense of direction. Moreover, it showed the significant presence of relevant neurophysiological bonds in the scope of development of balance of language skills. The presented results do confirm the few global reports on this subject. Likewise, in order to search for best possible therapies for children – cochlear implant users – they point the urge to conduct a continuous survey in the field of coordination motor abilities (CMA) as well as in terms of development of linguistic competencies.
EN
The majority of children with hearing loss, thanks to screening programs, early fitting with hearing aids, and early therapeutic interventions, develop speech well enough to attend preschool along with their hearing peers. These preschool programs often take place in adverse acoustic conditions. In a study conducted on 25 children with hearing impairments aged 3 to 8 years (mean 5.9) – cochlear implant users – the therapeutic and educational effectiveness of the use of an additional hearing assistive device (mini wireless microphone) was tested. The results obtained confirmed the positive impact of the use of the device in additionally aiding hearing abilities in the areas of response to sound, sound localization, and quality of hearing.
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EN
This article presents certain issues of the functioning of the child with hearing impairment as a student, since the realization of both educational duties and tasks generates numerous problems. These problems concern both disabled students who encounter difficulties and their teachers.While attempting to explain the essence of hearing impairment, much em-phasis was put on its consequences for knowledge acquisition and educational abilities. Also, the most significant issues were pointed out, which condition the effective adjustment of school requirements and educational space to the needs of a student with hearing impairment.
PL
W artykule podjęto problematykę funkcjonowania w roli ucznia dziecka z uszkodzonym słuchem, gdyż jej realizacja – zarówno obowiązków, jak i zadań edukacyjnych – generuje liczne problemy. Dotyczą one uczniów niepeł-nosprawnych napotykających trudności, ale również ich nauczycieli. Przybliżając istotę zaburzeń słuchu, skupiono się na pokazaniu ich konse-kwencji dla zdobywania wiedzy i umiejętności szkolnych. Wskazano także naj-istotniejsze kwestie warunkujące skuteczne dostosowanie wymagań szkolnych oraz przestrzeni edukacyjnej do potrzeb ucznia z wadą słuchu.
EN
The article describes the competence of children with hearing loss in comprehending and producing derivational (word-formation constructions) belonging to various categories. The skills of children with hearing loss are compared with the skills of hearing children. The extensive field of observation - the object of study were all word-formation categories (productive in contemporary Polish) - caused this article to focus exclusively on quantitative analyses. The conclusions that follow from them allow us to determine the hierarchy of word-formation categories, ordered according to the degree of difficulty, and to compare the level of their acquisition by hearing children, hard-of-hearing children (using the hearing sense) and by deaf ones (not using the hearing sense). This hierarchy is different in the area of interpreting than in the area of producing derivational (word-formation) constructions. The degree of complication of the semantic structure of the categories investigated has a distinct effect on the level of their acquisition. If we adopt the view that the categorization of the world by the learning mind is reflected in derivational constructions, analyses of the abilities of children with hearing loss in this sphere of linguistic functions allow us to access the available subjective ways of how they perceive and interpret the phenomena of treality. The analyses proper are preceded by a description of the investigation instrument employed: a word-formation questionnaire, which is a methodological proposal for studying word formation in school-age children.
Logopedia
|
2020
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1
153-166
PL
Dobrze rozwinięta sprawność odbioru i rozumienia prozodii emocjonalnej sprawia, że staje się ona w procesie komunikacji cennym źródłem informacji o emocjach osób komunikujących się czy ich komforcie. Wzajemne odczytywanie przez uczestników aktu komunikacji informacji zakodowanych w prozodii reguluje przebieg komunikacji i pozwala na jego modyfikację. W artykule opisano wyniki badań wstępnych nad percepcją wyrażonych prozodycznie emocji: radości, smutku i złości oraz wypowiedzeń neutralnych emocjonalnie. Przebadano 16 polskojęzycznych osób dorosłych z uszkodzonym narządem słuchu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na to, że osoby z niedosłuchem, które wzięły udział w badaniu, mają trudności z odczytywaniem informacji obecnych w prozodii emocjonalnej. Sformułowano również kilka wniosków, które mogą stanowić hipotezy wyjściowe w kolejnych badaniach, przeprowadzonych w liczniejszych i bardziej jednorodnych grupach.
EN
A well-developed skill of receiving and understanding emotional prosody makes it a valuable source of information about the emotions of communicating people or their comfort in the communication process. The mutual reading of information encoded in prosody by the participants of the act of communication regulates the course of communication and allows for its modification. The article describes the results of the preliminary research on the perception of prosodically expressed emotions: joy, sadness and anger, as well as emotionally neutral utterances. 16 Polishspeaking adults with hearing impairment were examined.. The obtained results indicate that people with hearing loss who took part in the study have difficulties with reading information present in emotional prosody. Several conclusions were also formulated, which may constitute the initial hypotheses in subsequent studies, conducted in more numerous and more homogeneous groups.
EN
The goal of the author is to begin a wide-ranging, professional discussion on the individual selection of methods of linguistic upbringing and logopedic therapy for special developmental and educational needs of hearing-impaired children. This discussion is necessary in view of changes in the medical care of hearing-impaired persons. The essence of changes lies in that there has been an increase in the number of children that have an opportunity to develop the hearing functions of the brain owing to sensory stimulation, using hearing prostheses (hearing aids and cochlear implants). The child’s chances are the greater, the earlier they are fitted with a well-selected auditory prosthesis. The child fitted with auditory prostheses, however, is not a perfectly hearing child. Individual benefits from using them vary in individual persons. A hearing-impaired child needs logopedic care and linguistic upbringing even when they seemingly respond well to sounds. The methods of management should be carefully adjusted to individual developmental needs and take into consideration a thorough and comprehensive diagnosis of the child’s linguistic and cognitive activities. The objective of the article is to define the tasks of specialist teams taking measures under the programme of early assistance to development of profoundly hearing-impaired children. These measures should be addressed to families and their social environments. This is justified by the developmental needs of every child, arising not only from deficit in perceptual ability but first of all from the very essence of development of man as an integral being: biological, mental, socio-cultural and moral-spiritual. The program of activities should comprise all developmental needs of a child.
PL
W mowie osób z uszkodzonym narządem słuchu, w szczególności z uszkodzeniem prelingwalnym, zauważa się zaburzenia percepcji i realizacji cech i zjawisk prozodycznych. Zaburzenia te dotyczą w szczególności odbioru częstotliwości podstawowej sygnału mowy, której zmiany budują struktury intonacyjne, są głównym czynnikiem tworzącym akcent frazowy oraz pełnią ważną rolę w kodowaniu nacechowania emocjonalnego struktur prozodycznych. Pierwotnymi przyczynami wspomnianych nieprawidłowości są zaburzona kontrola słuchowa wypowiedzi otoczenia, skutkująca niemożnością pełnego korzystania z właściwych wzorców struktur prozodycznych, oraz zaburzona autokontrola słuchowa. W artykule zostały przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych nad percepcją intonacji przez sześcio-jedenastoletnie dzieci z prelingwalnym uszkodzeniem narządu słuchu, z niedosłuchem w stopniu umiarkowanym, znacznym i głębokim oraz z perilingwalnym uszkodzeniem narządu słuchu, z niedosłuchem w stopniu lekkim, umiarkowanym i znacznym. Otrzymane wyniki potwierdzają wpływ wczesnego, prelingwalnego uszkodzenia narządu słuchu na powstanie znacznych zaburzeń rozwoju percepcji struktur intonacyjnych.
EN
The speech of hearing-impaired persons, especially those with prelingual impairment, exhibits observable disorders of perception and realization of prosodic features and phenomena. The disorders particularly affect the perception of basic frequency of speech signals, changes of which (frequency) form intonation structures, contribute as the main factors to forming phrasal stress, and play a significant role in coding the emotional marking of prosodic structures. The primary causes of the foregoing irregularities are the impaired auditory control of utterances of the surrounding people, resulting in the inability to fully use the proper patterns of prosodic structures, and impaired auditory self-control. The article presents the results of the author’s studies on intonation perception by six-to-eleven-year-old children with prelingual hearing impairment, with moderate, severe and profound hearing loss, as well as children with perilingual hearing impairment, with mild, moderate and severe hearing loss. The obtained results confirmed the influence of early-onset prelingual hearing loss on the occurrence of severe disorders in the development of perception of intonation structures.
PL
This article presents the results of research carried out to assess the potential non-auditory causes of articulation defects in deaf children. Who was tested were twenty people with hearing impairment between the ages of eleven and seventeen, whose functional hearing is 40 dB on average, as assessed on the basis of tonal audiometry in a free sound field. The study involved a questionnaire assessing the structure of the articulation apparatus, a questionnaire assessing the fitness and muscle tone of the articulation apparatus, and a questionnaire assessing functions (physiological functions) within the articulation apparatus. The obtained results point to the need for an in-depth diagnosis of articulation and its condition among deaf patients, the determination of pathomechanisms of sound disturbances in the assessed speech, and the inclusion of broadly understood preventive mechanisms derived from logopaedics in the therapeutic process.
PL
This article presents the results of research carried out to assess the potential non-auditory causes of articulation defects in deaf children. Who was tested were twenty people with hearing impairment between the ages of eleven and seventeen, whose functional hearing is 40 dB on average, as assessed on the basis of tonal audiometry in a free sound field. The study involved a questionnaire assessing the structure of the articulation apparatus, a questionnaire assessing the fitness and muscle tone of the articulation apparatus, and a questionnaire assessing functions (physiological functions) within the articulation apparatus. The obtained results point to the need for an in-depth diagnosis of articulation and its condition among deaf patients, the determination of pathomechanisms of sound disturbances in the assessed speech, and the inclusion of broadly understood preventive mechanisms derived from logopaedics in the therapeutic process.
EN
Dysfunctions of the organ of hearing are a significant limitation in the performance of occupations that require its full efficiency (vehicle driving, army, police, fire brigades, mining). Hearing impairment is associated with poorer understanding of speech and disturbed sound localization that directly affects the worker’s orientation in space and his/her assessment of distance and location of other workers or, even most importantly, of dangerous machines. Testing sound location abilities is not a standard procedure, even in highly specialized audiological examining rooms. It should be pointed out that the ability to localize sounds which are particularly loud, is not directly associated with the condition of the hearing organ, but is rather considered an auditory function of a higher level. Disturbances in sound localization are mainly associated with structural and functional disturbances of the central nervous system and occur also in patients with normal hearing when tested with standard methods. The article presents different theories explaining the phenomenon of sound localization, such as interaural differences in time, interaural differences in sound intensity, monaural spectrum shape and the anatomical and physiological basis of these processes. It also describes methods of measurement of disturbances in sound localization which are used in Poland and around the world, also by the author of this work. The author analyzed accessible reports on sound localization testing in occupational medicine and the possibilities of using such tests in various occupations requiring full fitness of the organ of hearing.
XX
In the early 1950s, Stalinist Czechoslovakia saw a discussion about what form education for the deaf should take in the socialist future, which was then allegedly being rapidly built. The answer to this question was not offered by official ideology or party programmes, and was therefore negotiated by a number of different actors: in addition to experts, whose involvement is not surprising, there were also those whose voices would normally not be heard — parents and the deaf themselves. Together, they raised the question of hearing impairment, its (ab)normality in socialist society and argued about the possibilities, means and indeed the need to “correct” it.
EN
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities adopted by the United Nations on December 13, 2006, signed by the Government of Poland on March 20, 2007, and therefore ratified on September 6, 2012, is committed to respecting all provisions contained in this document, including those concerning access to universal education, labor market and employment. However, from a practical point of view, there are many barriers and problems experienced by different environments of people with disabilities in the enforcement of their rights. Hence, the article mentions the opinions of representatives of the deaf and blind people on current restrictions and discrimination, as well as proposals addressed to the education and work and employment spheres participating in the debates organized under the project „Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – a common cause”, the main contractor of which is the Polish Forum of People with Disabilities.
PL
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the United Nations on December 13, 2006, signed by the Government of Poland on March 20, 2007, and ratified on September 6, 2012, obliges to respect all the provisions contained in this document, including those concerning access to universal education, the labour market and employment. However, from a practical point of view, there are many barriers and problems experienced by different environments of people with disabilities in the enforcement of their rights. Hence, the article includes the opinions of representatives of the deaf and blind people on current restrictions and discrimination, as well as proposals addressed to the education and work and employment spheres of those participating in the debates organized under the project „Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – a common cause”, the main contractor of which is the Polish Forum of People with Disabilities.
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