Search results

1

Про етичні погляди Степана Балея

100%

Iwanyk S.

Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia

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2015

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vol. 3

291-298

PL

The purpose of my paper is an attempt to defi ne the essence of Stefan Baley’s ethical views. In acheiving this goal, fi rst I present a brief outline of the content of Baley’s article entitled “The concept of moral good and evil in modern philosophy” (1912), then I try to identify the main features of Baley’s ethical ideas, to reveal their direct theoretical origins, and to find out what the significance of these ideas for Ukrainian society is.

2

The Forms and Functions of Hedonism, Gluttony and Drunkenness in the Latest Czech Literature

100%

Lollok M.

Studia et Documenta Slavica

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2019

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vol. 10

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issue 4

13-34

PL

The aim of this paper is to describe some of the most distinctive ways of displaying hedonism, gluttony and drunkenness in the Czech literature over the last approximately 15 years. Based on the analysis of the most significant books concerning these themes (e.g. texts by Petr Stančík, Jan Balabán, Emil Hakl, Václav Kahuda, Jáchym Topol and other authors), the author proposes a more detailed typology of the forms of these phenomena in the latest Czech literature, as well as of their specific functions in concrete texts.

3

Współczesna rewolucja obyczajowa

100%

Stanisławek J.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

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2016

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issue 62

85-96

XX

According to the author, the current axiological revolution has an objective reason: reversibility of live misfortune, and a subjective one: it contributes to the development of the market economy. Due to the latter reason, it is supported by the rulers of the modern world. The axiological revolution gets rid of the previous moral rigour and the modern hedonistic and utilitarian culture replaces the traditional ascetic and idealistic culture. The increase in consumption is the main objective. In order to achieve it, the creators of axiological revolution draw the consecutive social groups, in particular women, into the zone of developed consumption. Simultaneously, they propagate the modern culture systematically on the grand scale. Within the operation of the market expansion the approving modern school replaces for example the demanding traditional school. Apart from their economic function, all these operations possess a political aspect. Their political consequence comprises the weakening of the social resistance to state omnipotence. The presented explanation of the modern axiological revolution sources has a coherent justification. The clear correlation is visible between the market needs and the pace of changes

4

Sociology of Branding: “Just Do It” in the “No Limits” World

88%

Roubal O.

Communication Today

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2017

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vol. 8

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issue 1

40–51

EN

Brands are an important element of consumer culture. They represent communication of symbolic meanings, in which they are realised, and confirm critical aspects in social, cultural and psychological life contexts. Not only is the function of brands to explain the world of (im)material values and options and make them accessible but they also aim to reduce feelings of uncertainty with regard to multiple purchase decisions in conditions of expanding consumer options. Historically, trademarks change the traditional personified relationships of trust between local merchants and customers and generate its new impersonal form in the global environment of interactive relationships of manufacturers and consumers. The modern consumer is thus no longer a passive object of pervasive techniques and manipulative strategies used by the retailers, but also an active actor in the processes of production, innovations, product presentation and creation of the brand value. The study aims to show that brands should be communicated as open contexts, inspiring and motivating the consumers to fulfil them, make them complete, adjust and develop them in accordance with who the consumers are and who they would like to become. In the current marketing context, the trustworthiness, meaningfulness and attractiveness of these contexts is reflected via the social environment of the dominant values (individualism and hedonism) represented by advertising slogans such as “Just Do It” or “No Limits”.

5

Hedonistic Motif in Plato’s Phaedo – Olympiodorus’ Simplification

87%

Pacewicz A.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 1

199-212

EN

While the aim of the present paper is to analyze Olympiodorus’ commentary to Plato’s Phaedo, particular attention will be paid here to the role of hēdonē. The first part of the text presents the four conceptions of the pleasure that can be found in Plato’s dialogue. Although pleasure does not play the most prominent role either in the Plato’s dialogue or in the Neoplatonic commentary, Olympiodorus’ attitude to this issue reveals an important change and difference between the philosophical views of Plato and those of Olympiodorus. The latter does not seem to discern the possibility that pleasure can have its spiritual dimension (which Plato regards as possible). Thus, the experience of hēdonē is reduced solely to the sphere of the senses and even in this area its role needs to be minimized: in this form it has to be carefully measured and controled. Furthermore, Olympiodorus does not see that so-called hedonistic calculus: whilst it is not strictly speaking connected with virtuous actions, it still can have some significance for the the philosopher’s life.

6

Hedonism and Indian philosophy of peace: An examination

75%

Gupta A. K., Saraf K.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2017

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vol. 29/1

EN

This paper deals with critical analysis of western hedonism in the light of Indian theory of peace. Indian Philosophers have made ‘peace’ the goal of worldly human life, which is keeping equidistance from pleasure and pain. Attachment is the reason behind the presence of these two ‘sovereign masters’ of Human life. External thing or any other human being is not capable of indulging us either of them; it is the worldly attachment which brings Pleasure and pain. Pleasure and pain always come together. Western Hedonists could not go to the root of pleasure or pain in life. Their observation was mere empirical. Indian thinkers, except those of Carvaka school, have given a particular philosophy which is Peace oriented and which finds worldly pleasures or pains temporary and mostly ‘man-made’.

7

Postfeminist Fiction in Chick Lit Novels

75%

Ilief-Martinescu A.

Gender Studies

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2015

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vol. 14

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issue 1

119-137

EN

The intersection of postfeminist arguments with popular culture and popular cultural forms is of great significance for investigating representational politics and issues of identity. These elements are central for capturing the concept of feminist heterogeneity in its engagement with cultural theory, particularly postmodernism. This study considers postfeminism’s redefinition and reevaluation of popular culture, as an area of political and emblematic contestation.

8

Re-Thinking Cultural Hedonism: On the Principle of Utility According to John Stuart Mill

75%

Stepukonis A.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2023

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issue 1

181-194

EN

Hedonism, driven by mass culture and widespread consumerism, is a salient factor in the modus vivendi of contemporary Western civilization. This general psychological and behavioral backdrop is exploited in the article as an opportunity to both reinvigorate and re-appraise the theoretical underpinnings of modern hedonism as developed by John Stuart Mill in his Utilitarianism. The article proceeds in two steps: Firstly, a detailed exposition of Mill’s arguments for the principle of utility is undertaken, with an accompanying elucidation of the core notions of utility, expediency, happiness, and pleasure. Secondly, five points of criticism (logical, phenomenological, and analytical in method) are raised to challenge what the author thinks are the weakest links in Mill’s syllogistic chain.

9

Naukowy hedonizm jako podstawa krytycznej oceny przemian społecznych – ekonomia szczęścia Richarda Layarda, Marka Anielskiego i Richarda Easterlina

75%

Więckowski P.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2011

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vol. 14

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issue 1

127-137

EN

Since about 1970 there is a growing scientific interest in the concept of happiness (or its measurable equivalent – subjective well-being SWB). It is assumed that if augmenting happiness is assumed as the aim of social development, it can be assessed if real progress is being made. It should replace traditional concept of GDP. Researchers like Richard Layard, Mark Anielski and Richard Easterlin use the concept of happiness to mount a critique of contemporary free-market capitalism. They suggest that instead of consumption and competition, governments should promote happiness, tightening interpersonal relationship, building social trust, timing strive for prestige. However other researchers (Ruut Veenhoven, Betsey Sevenson and Justin Wolfers among others) defend economical growth as a foundation of every social development. The discussion has a philosophical paradox in it – those how attack capitalism from a humanistic angle use a hedonistic and selfish concept of subjective happiness while those who defend capitalism appeal to values that goes beyond it.

10

THREATS OF SOCIAL SAFETY IN TRANSHUMANIST IDEOLOGY

75%

Grabińska T.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2015

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vol. 18(18)

52-73

EN

The contemporary ideology and the practice of transhumanism are carrying a lot of improvements of the human life with themselves, both in the individual dimension, like social. It can, however, also become a cause of objectifying, incapacitating or even annihilating individual people or entire populations. The applying of GRIN technologies are threatening of manipulation on the level of mental and physical structure of the organism. In the face of progressing technological changes the permanent philosophical discussion about norms of bioethics and social ethics is necessary. In the article an applicability of hedonistic and personalistic philosophies is being discussed. There is pointing on personalism as the appropriate basis of ethics in the era transhumanism.

11

St. Thomas Aquinas and John Locke on Natural Law

75%

Pennance-Acevedo G. M.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2017

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vol. 6

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issue 2

221-248

EN

John Locke’s natural law theory has frequently been conceived as a continuation of the Thomistic tradition and as sound basis for human rights as universally binding. This paper concludes that this is not the case. Unlike Aquinas’ metaphysical realism, Locke’s empiricism and nominalism make it impossible for us to know our human nature, our exclusively human goods, and telos—thereby undermining the sound foundations of the exceptionless moral precepts of natural law. Whereas Aquinas defines the good as that which is perfective and fulfilling of human nature, Locke identifies the good with pleasure, which leads to subjectivism. While both Aquinas and Locke argue that God is the origin and foundation of the binding force of natural law, Locke’s voluntarism is incompatible with the ruling nature of law. Consequently, unlike Aquinas, Locke’s theory lacks the metaphysical foundations for universal human rights.

12

The Philosophes’ Criticism of Religion and d’Holbach’s Non-Hedonistic Materialism

63%

Hämäläinen H.

Diametros

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2017

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issue 54

56-75

EN

Baron d’Holbach was a critic of established religion, or a philosophe, in late 18th-century France. His work is often perceived as less inventive than the work of other materialist philosophes, such as Helvétius and Diderot. However, I claim that d’Holbach makes an original, unjustly overlooked move in the criticism of religious moral teaching. According to the materialist philosophes, this teaching claims that true happiness is only possible in the afterlife. As an alternative, Helvétius and Diderot offer theories according to which the experience of pleasure constitutes happiness, the end of all human desire. In contemporary terms, these theories would represent psychological hedonism. But, as Diderot himself admits, they have a problem in accounting for why people seem to naturally regard some pleasures as preferable to others. I argue that in response to this challenge, instead of accepting the psychological hedonism of his fellow materialists, d’Holbach shows how one can abstain from reducing happiness to pleasure and yet remain a materialist.

13

CICERO, RETRIEVING THE HONORABLE

63%

Frank W. A.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2014

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vol. 3

63-83

EN

From Marcus Tullius Cicero’s philosophical writings, the author first draws out a modest network of ideas that informs his understanding of what it means to be a good man (vir bonus). Then, he finds in Cicero the idea of a befitting mutuality among four distinctively human capacities: a faculty for inquiry into and love for truth manifest in words and actions (reason); a disposition for the recognition of and attraction to things of worth beyond selfinterest (the honorable); an acute sense of one own spheres of responsibility along with facility for speaking and acting appropriately within them (appropriate action), and fostering and extending the bonds of mutual personal relations grounded in justice and benevolence (society). Against the background of deep commitments in modernity to hedonism and autonomous individualism, the author proposes a retrieval of the virtue of the honorable as an attractive alternative.

14

Glamorous Education as a Phenomenon

51%

Schelkunov M. D.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2014

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issue 3

131-135

EN

The glamorous culture affecting education gives rise to the phenomenon of glamor-ous education (glam-education). The main features of glam-education, concerning its substantial, communicative, valuable, organizational components, are discussed in this article. Glam-education is proved to be a demonstration of the personality’s existential crisis in the postmodern society. A brilliant package of glam-education camouflages the death of original thinking, the necrosis of genuine emotions and the lack of a productive imagination of a person.

15

OSCARA WILDE’A WIZJA SOCJALIZMU ESTETYCZNEGO

51%

Diniejko A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula

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2017

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issue 52(1) Filologia

104-121

PL

W artykule omówiono poglądy społeczno-polityczne Oscara Wilde’a wyrażone przez niego w stosunkowo mało znanym eseju politycznym pt. The Soul of Man under Socialism (Dusza ludzka w socjalizmie), opublikowanym w 1891 roku, w którym „król estetów” przedstawia swój dość osobliwy światopogląd socjalistyczny i krytykuje altruizm oraz filantropię jako działania, które nie likwidują nędzy. Z charakterystycznym aforystycznym dowcipem i wdziękiem Wilde snuje swoją wizję socjalizmu estetycznego z perspektywy artysty, a nie filozofa czy ideologa. Twierdzi, że socjalizm zniweluje różnice społeczne i majątkowe oraz doprowadzi do nieznanego w kapitalizmie ożywienia twórczych zdolności artystów, którzy będą realizować swoje cele artystyczne bez obawy ulegania koniunkturalizmowi i komercji. Co sprawia, że esej Wilde’a, mimo że zawiera anachroniczne i skompromitowane przez historię pomysły dotyczące wizji socjalizmu jako idealnego ustroju stołecznego, nadal stanowi interesującą lekturę i jest ciekawym kawałkiem prozy późnowiktoriańskiej wywołującym u czytelnika głębszą refleksję? Próbą odpowiedzi na to pytanie jest niniejszy artykuł.

EN

In his article, the author discussed the Oscar Wilde’s socio-political views expressed by him in a relatively recondite essay entitled The Soul of Man under Socialism, published in 1891, in which the ‘king of aesthetes’ presents his quite a specific socialist ideology and criticises altruism and philanthropy as the measures that do not liquidate poverty. With a characteristic aphoristic with and charm, Wilde spins his vision of aesthetic socialism from the perspective of an artist and not a philosopher or an ideologist. He alleges that socialism will level social and financial differences and will lead to an unknown in capitalism recovery of creative abilities of artists who will be accomplishing their artistic objectives free of the threat of being subjective to opportunism and commerce. What causes that the Wilde’s essay, despite it contains the outdated and compromised by the history ideas concerning the vision of socialism as an ideal social system, still is an interesting reading and is an interesting piece of the late Victorian prose evoking a deeper reflection of the reader? This article is an attempt to answer this question.

16

Geneza współczesnego abortyzmu i jego przejawy

51%

Królikowski J.

Sympozjum

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2017

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issue 1(32)

87-104

PL

Dyskusje nad wciąż aktualnym zagadnieniem przerywania ciąży koncentrują się obecnie na problemie jego godziwości, czyli na aspekcie moralnym, oraz dopuszczenia go przez prawo pozytywne, czyli na aspekcie legislacyjnym. Przeciwnicy przerywania ciąży odwołują się do argumentów, które – jak się wydaje – powinny spotkać się z powszechną aprobatą, a tym samym wpływać na dokonywane wybory i na ogólną mentalność. Jest jednak faktem niedomagającym się specjalnego dowodzenia, że te argumenty wciąż są mało znane albo są wprost odrzucane. Dla zrozumienia istniejącej, dość paradoksalnej, sytuacji jest konieczna analiza historyczno-kulturowa genezy abortyzmu, rozpowszechnionego w dzisiejszych wypowiedziach zwolenników przerywania ciąży, wpływającego jednak w dużym stopniu na traktowanie problemu w naszych czasach i na dokonywanie jego spłyconej oceny etycznej. Należy sądzić, że dopiero na gruncie pogłębionego rozumienia zachodzących zjawisk, a przede wszystkim ich przyczyn będzie można podjąć bardziej adekwatne środki służące obronie życia na jego początku, która jawi się jako fundamentalny wymóg obrony cywilizacji miłości wobec narzucającej się ostentacyjnie kultury śmierci.

EN

The debates concerning the problem of termination of pregnancy are currently concentrated upon the question of its decency, namely, on its ethical aspect and on the issue of the acceptance by positive law, that is on legislative aspect. The adversaries of termination of pregnancy refer to arguments which – as it seems – should meet with universal approval and by the same token should have influence on decisions and general morality. However, it appears to be quite self-evident that these arguments are still not known enough or they are simply rejected. For the understanding of this, rather paradoxical, situation it is necessary to analyse the historical and cultural origins of abortionism which affects considerably the point of view of the proponents of termination of pregnancy and which today has massive influence on the public perception of the problem and on its oversimplified ethical assessment. Therefore, only the profound understanding of the on-going events, all the more their reasons will make it possible to take more adequate steps towards the defence of life from its beginning, which manifests itself as the fundamental requirement of the defence of a civilisation of love as opposed to the obtrusive and ostentatious culture of death.

17

Zepsuci za życia, choć myślą, że wieczni… Współczesny dialog między życiem a śmiercią

51%

Gołębiewska M., Błyszczek A.

Amor Fati

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2015

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issue 3

103-115

EN

Currently, for the individual it is much easier to reconcile with a loss, especially if one does not touch her or him directly. Does not the material possessions, being forever young make the man himself lost? Is it really so difficult today to answer the funda-mental question of to be or to have? Contemporary dialogue with modern man's death, became not only the subject of research, but also a reflection on the relation between contemporary societies on passing.

18

Proč být utilitaristou? O smyslu a zdůvodnění lidských práv

51%

Hapla M.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2023

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vol. 162

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issue 11

1080-1094

EN

The article is a response to the polemical papers to the book Utilitarianism and Philosophy of Human Rights. It provides a coherent set of arguments against the objections to the utilitarian justification of human rights. In the first part, the author discusses the criteria by which we should evaluate the relevance of theories of normative ethics. In doing so, he stresses that it does not make good sense to apply those that are in the character of moral evaluations and follow directly from an alternative approach of this type. In the second part, he deals with the criticisms associated with defining the concept of utility or pleasure. In what follows, the author addresses objections related to the conflict of utilitarian conclusions with our moral intuitions and the ability of this attitude to justify human rights. In doing so, he emphasizes that absoluteness cannot be central to the idea of human rights and that utilitarians do not make do with the language of duties alone. The article thus shows that the rights mentioned do not conflict with the utilitarian ethic but rather represent its flowing outgrowth.

CS

Článek představuje odpověď na polemické příspěvky ke knize Utilitarismus a filozofie lidských práv. Předkládá ucelený soubor argumentů proti námitkám, které rozporovaly v ní představené utilitaristické zdůvodnění lidských práv. Ve své první části rozebírá, na základě jakých kritérií máme hodnotit relevanci teorií normativní etiky. Zdůrazňuje přitom, že nedává dobrý smysl uplatňovat taková, která mají charakter morálního hodnocení a přímo vyplývají z nějakého alternativního přístupu tohoto typu. Ve druhé se vypořádává s kritikou spojenou s vymezením konceptu užitku, respektive potěšení. V následujících pasážích řeší výhrady související s rozporem utilitaristických závěrů s našimi morálními intuicemi a samotnou schopností tohoto směru justifikovat lidská práva. Upozorňuje, že absolutní charakter nemůže být centrální pro ideu lidských práv a že si utilitaristé nevystačí pouze s jazykem povinností. Text tak ukazuje, že uvedená práva nejsou v rozporu s utilitaristickou etikou, ale naopak představují její organické vyústění.

19

Konsumeryzm, konsumpcjonizm, wyzwania dla edukacji

51%

FURMANEK W.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2010

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vol. 1

|

issue 1

13-23

PL

Konsumeryzm (konsumpcjonizm) jako zjawisko nadmiernej konsumpcji dóbr wiąże się z utylitarystycznym podejściem do świata i hedonistycznym materializmem. Ujawnia się to w postawach wobec i w sytuacjach konsumpcji (MIEĆ) uznanych za wyznacznik wartości ich życia/jakości życia. Upowszechnienie tych postaw zagraża samemu człowiekowi. Stąd wielkie zadania przed systemami edukacji.

EN

Consumerism (consumpcjonism) it as phenomenon of excessive consumption Comes out in attitudes in the face of and in situations of consumption (to HAVE) recognized for determinant of value their lives/the quality of life. Dissemination these attitudes threatens only man. From here great tasks before systems of education.

20

Style życia ludzi w społeczeństwie informacyjnym

51%

Furmanek W.

Dydaktyka informatyki

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2017

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vol. (12)2017

11-21

PL

Jakość życia ujawnia się w stylu życia, jakie preferuje w danym czasie człowiek. W opraco-waniu kataloguję style życia przyjmując wyróżnik aksjologiczny związany z kategoriami „mieć” i „być”. Omawiam dwie grupy stylów życia urządzonego i wartościowego.

XX

Quality of life is revealed in lifestyle which prefers at that time man. The study katalog life-styles accepting axiological differentiator associated with the categories and have to be. I discuss two groups of lifestyles furnished and valuable.

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Про етичні погляди Степана Балея

The Forms and Functions of Hedonism, Gluttony and Drunkenness in the Latest Czech Literature

Współczesna rewolucja obyczajowa

Sociology of Branding: “Just Do It” in the “No Limits” World

Hedonistic Motif in Plato’s Phaedo – Olympiodorus’ Simplification

Hedonism and Indian philosophy of peace: An examination

Postfeminist Fiction in Chick Lit Novels

Re-Thinking Cultural Hedonism: On the Principle of Utility According to John Stuart Mill

Naukowy hedonizm jako podstawa krytycznej oceny przemian społecznych – ekonomia szczęścia Richarda Layarda, Marka Anielskiego i Richarda Easterlina

THREATS OF SOCIAL SAFETY IN TRANSHUMANIST IDEOLOGY

St. Thomas Aquinas and John Locke on Natural Law

The Philosophes’ Criticism of Religion and d’Holbach’s Non-Hedonistic Materialism

CICERO, RETRIEVING THE HONORABLE

Glamorous Education as a Phenomenon

OSCARA WILDE’A WIZJA SOCJALIZMU ESTETYCZNEGO

Geneza współczesnego abortyzmu i jego przejawy

Zepsuci za życia, choć myślą, że wieczni… Współczesny dialog między życiem a śmiercią

Proč být utilitaristou? O smyslu a zdůvodnění lidských práv

Konsumeryzm, konsumpcjonizm, wyzwania dla edukacji

Style życia ludzi w społeczeństwie informacyjnym