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Progress in Health Sciences
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2011
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vol. 1
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issue 1
137-143
EN
Modern information technology has been incorporated into almost all aspects of life. As a consequence of computer and Internet accessibility, the percentage rise in their users, especially young people, has been observed. My professional experience of psycho-logical help for the youth has suggested that young people prefer anonymous virtual counselling, psychological and spiritual support (i.e. „virtual guardian angel”), where one can consult a psychologist anytime about various issues, to direct contacts. However, this attitude is not a hindrance to real contacts (direct or the so-called live contacts), designed to offer help and support. The paper attempts at analyzing some of the issues regarding online psychological help from the perspective of current challenges and expectations. It refers to methodology as well as practical and ethical issues and analyses the usefulness of this new type of help for enriching the achievements of clinical psychology and improving assistance tools
EN
Social support is considered as a special kind of assistance and relationship between the giver and the receiver thereof. It exists under certain social circumstances which foster the assisted person’s development. The potential informal support networks include family which, in conditions of coping with a child’s disability, assumes superior significance in everyday care, but also in the processes of raising, treatment, rehabilitation, or education. In this paper, I have focused on the difficulties experienced by disabled children and their parents, as well as on the support provided to them by the elderly members of their families whom I consider to be a significant human resource in family support networks for difficult situations.
EN
The article will present difficulties in everyday functioning related to hearing damage in people of senior age. The first part discusses epidemiology, causes and difficulties in the psychosocial functioning of older people who lose their hearing. Next, attention was paid to the role of information support that can be given by immediate family members, health care workers and/or social workers. Next, general rules of conduct are presented, thanks to which it will be easier to provide effective assistance to a person with hearing impairment. The final element of the work is to develop guidelines for the management and communication of an elderly person with hearing impairment.
EN
The subject of the present study is help; the foremost ontological condition of its realization (besides intellectual disposition, ethical qualifications, love and others) is responsibility, which constitutes a person’s humanity and thereby makes a unique contribution to the formation of his/her inner structure. Through responsible help we can perform genuine acts of mercy towards our neighbour and carry a small part of his/ her personal fate. The aim of the study is to refine the concept of responsible help and to indicate its several modes in the formation of a person’s humanity. The essence of responsible help is investigated; it presupposes rationality of action, prudence in doing good, and freedom as the fundamental condition of conscious response to values. The refinement of the concept of responsible help is based on the analyses of the virtues of munificence and magnanimity (Aristotle and St Thomas Aquinas) and generosity (J.Tischner). Despite their complex nature, these virtues are definable through an analysis of instances of appropriate help to others.
EN
Many governments, charitable organizations and NGOs are dedicated to helping the world’s poor but much of their effort is wasted. In the opinion of Banerjee and Duflo this effort is based on assumptions that are untested generalizations at best, and harmful misperceptions at worst. Because of this, they propose a new way to fight global poverty. The paper presents this way. It is based on randomized trials to reveal the multi-faceted and complex economic lives of the poor. Limitations of the new perspective are shown.
EN
It is estimated that there are 36 million people with dementia in the world and in 2050 this number will double. The number of patients with Alzheimer’s Poles is estimated at about 200‒250 thousand. 150 thousands have no primary diagnosis. With the ageing of the Polish society the number of sufferers is likely to grow. The disease usually develops after the age of 65. Incidence of the disease increases with age. Symptoms of the disease are: memory disorders, sudden mood changes, cognitive and behavior disorders.. Is it irreversible changes in the brain – for people with Alzheimer’s cerebral cortex fades, because the neurons build up amyloid. Although the situation of the people affected by this disease in Poland recently somewhat improved: faster diagnosis and access to modern drugs for which to get the patient, Poland is still not ready for adequate action which involves an increase in morbidity. Many institutions do not fulfill their tasks in terms of aid to the sick and their families. It lacks effective system solutions. Patients in general are deprived of the possibility of using, for example, living houses. In practice, in general it’s hard to talk about any kind of institutional support for people with Alzheimer’s disease. A major problem is the lack of systems and standards of care, lack of support for families and carers. With Alzheimer’s patients in Poland can do it all.
EN
The subject of reflections contained in this article is Rose Czacka – Mother Elizabeth. This is a figure that constantly inspires both people with good and bad sight. Educators, tyflologists, the blind and their families constantly use this legacy. At the age of 22 in her best time of life, Rose loses her sight, and this moment becomes a significant breakthrough in the life of a young Countess – she is not feeling sorry for her difficult situation she devotes herself completely to the work for the blind . In this article the biography of Rose Czacka was approximated, and then a brief characterization of the Lasek idea was presented. The analyses finished with an issue concentrating around Mother Elizabeth, who became the mother of the blind, constantly fighting for their dignity, freedom and independence.
EN
The article is an attempt to outline the issue of help, care and lifesaving of the children in Poland in the war and occupation period (1939–1945). This attempt focuses on the following areas: individual trauma, population losses, the situation of danger, social solidarity, and actions of helping children. The article describes the main areas of war dangers and crimes committed against the children, and also the range and forms of helping children (institutional and individual). Apart from informative and ordering aims, the text signals the need of pedagogical-historical research on the history of childhood, seen from the perspective of the Second World War and occupation in the years 1939–1945.
PL
The phenomenon of poverty occupies an important place in the discourse on the problem of exclusion and social marginalisation. The problem of children in a poverty situation is most often analysed through the prism of family poverty. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that poverty in childhood has a different dimension than in adulthood, because it disturbs the proper development of the child. Children’s experience of poverty affects their further life, often with irreversible consequences. Numerous institutions and individuals offer their help and support to improve the lives of children in Africa. This activity takes the form of either immediate or long-term help. One of those institutions that actively participate in solving the problem of poverty in Africa is the Catholic Church. Its involvement in helping children in a poverty situation is an important dimension of social support.
EN
The article examines the question of implementation of inclusive education in Ukraine; special attention is paid to the main causes, which hinder the further implementation of inclusive education. Inclusive education can become a very important direction in education, which will provide education, training, upbringing, and implement serious aim – socialization of the child, overcoming barriers of communication and interaction with peers and others. Such kind of education provides that teaching a child with special needs in comprehensive educational institution will have a positive impact both on children with disabilities and on healthy peers. Inclusive education is an opportunity for all pupils to study at schools; in secondary classes, where, if necessary, they will be supported in the educational process and with the redevelopment of schools, classes, programs and activities in order that all pupils, without exception, studied and spent time together. The purpose of this kind of education is to improve the learning environment, in which both teachers and pupils are open to diversity. It must be a guarantee in ensuring the needs of pupils, in respecting their abilities and opportunities to be successful. One of the major problems of inclusive education is the placement of the child to school and kindergarten. There are not very many such schools, which specialize in this kind of education. For example and for comparison we took 6 foreign countries (Italy, Germany, Britain, France, Austria and Portugal). We considered the development and specifics of using of inclusive education in schools of those countries. All the analyzed information shows that those countries which were listed before are in search for new methods and ways of implementing inclusive education, because they worried about the future of residents of their country. In Ukraine, the number of children with special needs is increasing every year. That’s why the use of new approaches in comprehensive schools, especially inclusive education, is significant. Children with disabilities are not a separate category of the population. They have the right to live and study, to be an educated person like others. Their differences don't give any rights to divide them into good or bad. A very important role in the development of inclusive education in Ukraine plays society's attitude to children and people with special needs. Inclusive education must provide educational services for children with special needs, but also it must change the view of humanity in order to understand that they must care for the neighbors and help them, not vice versa.
EN
The article deals with the problem of family conflict and the possibility of solving it through mediation. The content of it concerns: conflict and its consequences for the family system, causes and types of conflicts, as well as people's reaction to conflict. It presents mediation as a method of amicable settlement of a dispute, as a procedure that allows the conflicting parties to reach an agreement, rebuild or improve relations. Mediation has been presented as a form of intervention in the dispute, creating the possibility of an agreement between the parties without the participation of the court. It was indicated that this is a procedure that directs the parties to the future and allows to satisfy the interests of both parties. The article presents the possibilities and barriers to the application of mediation in family matters.
EN
The article deals with the issue of assistance provided to the family by public institutions, in particular focusing on its failure in the aspect of further effect, which is the initiation of court proceedings. Institutions, acting within the framework of public authorities, provide a dysfunctional family with all kinds of help, including pedagogical, social, medical and psychological assistance, which is undoubtedly a wide range of support for this basic social unit. The article emphasizes that in order for the help offered to be effective, families must get involved in it. The failures of the family support services within the scope of the assistance offered usually result from the lack of willingness of the family member to cooperate with these institutions. If support of the family support services does not bring the intended results, and the situation of the family or its member requires taking firm legal actions interfering with the sphere of the rights of an individual, then the further course of the proceedings should consist in directing the case to the court. The considerations include the reasons for the initiation and conducting of court proceedings by the guardianship court, including the enforcement proceedings, are presented when there is a lack of voluntary involvement of the family members in the offered assistance. The role of the guardianship court has been presented in the context of the duties that the legislator defined for the court in the field of family assistance.
EN
The author presents the effects of therapy of people taking part in specialist therapeutic holiday for those who stammer, which constitute a coherent system of therapeutic activities performed in accordance with the assumptions of “The Modified Programme of Psychophysiological Therapy of Stammering People” by dr M. Chęciek. The material contains the results of diagnoses (preliminary and final) of the Level of Logophobia and the Frequency level of stammering by adult participants of the holiday XI/XII 2008, VIII 2009, XI/XII 2009.
EN
A children’s hospice is regarded not only as a specific place but as a multi-faceted program of care for terminally ill children and their families. Hospices take care of people in need, taking into consideration their physical, emotional, social, and also spiritual needs. Hospice workers deal with treating the painful symptoms of the disease, bringing relief and respite to families as well as support during both the time of dying and the period of mourning. The main aim of these institutions is to improve the quality of the last days of patients’ lives by providing not only professional and attentive medical care but also psychological, pastoral, spiritual, and social support. The article presents the premises of hospice work and compares the situation in this respect in Poland and Ukraine.
EN
This theoretical and research paper focuses on the physician-patient relationship, and more specifically on the meanings ascribed to the notion of “patient”. Authors of relevant literature indicate that particular models of the physician-patient relationship depend on the understanding of the notion of “patient” as well as on the understanding of two basic terms in medicine: health and illness. This assumption was the starting point for the presented analyses. Research was conducted within an interpretative paradigm framework. The study group consisted of physicians with different levels of experience and lengths of professional employment, as well as of various specializations. An analysis of collected data allowed for the identification of three categories of the notion of “patient”: personal, subjective-objective and objective.
PL
Prezentowana praca ma charakter teoretyczno-badawczy i dotyczy relacji lekarz – pacjent ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem znaczeń przypisywanych pojęciu „pacjent”. W literaturze wskazywany jest fakt, że określony model relacji lekarz – pacjent zależy od rozumienia osoby pacjenta, a także od rozumienia podstawowych dla medycyny pojęć: zdrowia i choroby. Powyższe założenie stało się powodem podjęcia prezentowanych analiz. Badania prowadzono w paradygmacie interpretatywnym. Grupę badawczą stanowili lekarze o różnych specjalizacjach, z różnym doświadczeniem i stażem pracy. Analiza zebranego materiału pozwoliła wyłonić trzy podstawowe zakresy rozumienia pojęcia „pacjent”: osobowy, podmiotowo-przedmiotowy i przedmiotowy.
EN
The authors who are speech therapists in the field of logopaedics dealing discuss the therapy of people who stammer taking into account the social aspect. They present some practical instructions concerning the process of speech therapy so as to answer the questions asked by people who stammer, their parents/legal quardians, teachers and therapists.
EN
In this article the author deals with the matter of the role of a social worker in the process of help hospice patients and their families. Patients who require hospice palliative care require comprehensive help and work of many people. In its whole, there are social workers who solve many problems of the patient and his environment – in home hospice and palliative care for adults, children and stationary care. The participation of the social worker in the hospice activity is an expression of the medicine humanization. The person who carries out such work is required to have expertise knowledge in various fields of science – sociology, psychology, pedagogy, the foundations of law and medicine. The author recalls in an article the fact, that the social worker must be social and legal expert as well as social therapist.
PL
W artykule autor zajmuje się kwestią roli pracownika socjalnego w procesie pomocy pacjentom hospicyjnym i ich rodzinom. Pacjenci podlegający opiece paliatywno­‑hospicyjnej wymagają wszechstronnej pomocy i pracy wielu osób. W jej całokształcie znajdują się pracownicy socjalni, którzy rozwiązują wiele problemów chorego i jego otoczenia – w domowej opiece paliatywno­‑hospicyjnej nad dorosłymi, dziećmi i w opiece stacjonarnej. Uczestnictwo pracownika socjalnego w ruchu hospicyjnym jest wyrazem humanizacji medycyny. Osoba wykonująca tę pracę zobowiązana jest dysponować wiedzą z zakresu różnych dziedzin nauki – socjologii, psychologii, pedagogiki, podstaw prawa i medycyny. Autor przypomina w artykule, że pracownik socjalny musi być ekspertem socjalno­‑prawnym i terapeutą socjalnym.
EN
Bernadeta Szczupał, Dignity, everyday life, support for seniors with disabilities, Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, No. 22, Poznań 2018. Pp. 15–26. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.22.02 The process of ageing is an inevitable life phenomenon in both the individual and social aspects. With the growing life expectancy of humans, the way of living in the old age becomes a challenge in the context of respect for the dignity of the elderly. In this article, I present selected theoretical issues concerning the sense of dignity, everyday life and helplessness of elderly people with disabilities, which is unfortunately often associated with it. I also show the complexity of contemporary problems and expectations and the challenges faced by older people with disabilities.
PL
Skrajna sytuacja, jaką jest wojna, zagraża zwłaszcza najsłabszym, czyli dzieciom i młodzieży. Dlatego w obliczu sytuacji realnego zagrożenia po ludobójstwie w Rwandzie podjęto natychmiast działania pomocowe i opiekuńcze. Jednym z takich działań był projekt na rzecz dzieci w Afryce o nazwie „Adopcja Serca”. Głównym motywem włączania się w adopcję serca stała się ewangeliczna zasada miłości. Miłość bliźniego jest odpowiedzią na konkretne potrzeby drugiego człowieka. Miłość bliźniego w ujęciu chrześcijańskim oznacza dawanie czegoś z siebie, rezygnowanie z własnych potrzeb na rzecz drugiego człowieka, a także bycie gotowym do poświęcania się dla innych ludzi.
EN
War as an extreme situation threatens especially the most vulnerable, that is, children and adolescents. Therefore, in the face of real danger after the genocide in Rwanda, adequate care and support activities were taken. The program for children in Africa called “Adoption of Heart” was one of them. The evangelical principle of love was the main motive for joining the program. Love of neighbor is a response to the specific needs of others. Charity in Christian terms means giving something of oneself, forgoing one’s own needs for other people as well as being ready to sacrifice oneself for others.
EN
A multitude of social problems is a challenge for contemporary social assis­tance. Because, Poland, like many European countries, moving away from a welfare state, a si­gni­ficant role is attributed to social work, which should be focused on the motivation and desire to change the call to a person relying on welfare. Despite the extensive activities of social workers they are not always able to reach out to those in need of support and interven­tion in crisis situations. Many potential clients of social assistance, for various reasons, do not use the opportunities offered them support. This is why more common method of social work beco­mes a street worker, which allows you to reach individuals/marginalized groups, long re­main in a difficult situation. In presented article attempts to outline the idea of street work, the role of street workers and stages „street” social work.
PL
Mnogość problemów społecznych staje się wyzwaniem dla współczesnej pomocy społecznej. Ponieważ Polska, podobnie jak inne państwa europejskie, odchodzi od modelu państwa opiekuńczego, znaczącą rolę przypisuje się pracy socjalnej, która powinna być ukierunkowana na motywowanie i wywołanie chęci zmiany u osoby korzystającej z pomocy społecznej. Pomimo rozległych działań pracowników socjalnych, nie zawsze są oni w stanie dotrzeć do osób potrzebujących wsparcia i interwencji w sytuacjach kryzysowych. Wielu potencjalnych klientów pomocy społecznej, z różnych przyczyń, nie korzysta z możliwości oferowanego im wsparcia. Dlatego też coraz powszechniejszą metodą pracy socjalnej staje się streetworking, który pozwala na dotarcie do jednostek/grup zmarginalizowanych, długotrwale pozostających w trud­nej sytuacji życiowej. W prezentowanym artykule podjęto próbę nakreślenia idei streetworkingu, roli streetworkera oraz etapów „ulicznej” pracy socjalnej.
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