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Naqlun 2016. Hermitage EE.50: preliminary report

100%
Godlewski W.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
161-172
EN
During the 2016 season in Naqlun, dedicated to an array of specialist studies of material in the storeroom, the team documented one of the hermitages located in the hills west of the monastic compound. The work was necessitated by evident illicit digging which had partly destroyed the compound. The hermitage, which occupied a small valley, appears to have comprised at least three living units, furnished with rock-cut storage pits in the floor and niches in the walls. The doorways and niches bore traces of architectural rendering. The complex may be interpreted tentatively as a residential and religious complex, and it is a good example of a mid-5th century hermitage, the dating confirmed by a study of the pottery assemblage coming from it.
2
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The utility ware assemblage from the hermitage in tomb MMA 1152 in West Thebes. Selected issues, provisional characteristics, research methodology

75%
Górecki T.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
749-772
EN
The text concerns a pottery assemblage from one isolated site (a hermitage installed inside a Pharaonic tomb) in Sheikh Abd el-Gurna, inhabited by monks from the end of the 5th to the beginning of the 8th century. The specific nature of the place, that is, its isolation, rocky terrain and lack of clear stratigraphy, called for different research and documentation methods compared to those used on extensive settlement sites. Less attention was paid to taxonomic research in favor of observations regarding the function and importance of vessels in the everyday life of the monks living in the hermitage, a reconstruction of their dietary habits and the nature of the work that they did.
3
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Erem San Giorgio di Garda

75%
Kanior M.
Folia Historica Cracoviensia
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2002
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vol. 8
EN
The article discusses the beginnings of monastic life at Rocca di Garda.
PL
Artykuł omawia początki życia monastycznego na Rocca di Garda.
4
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Pottery finds from hermitage EE.50 in Naqlun. Preliminary assessment of the assemblage

63%
Danys K.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
173-184
EN
Rescue excavations undertaken in hermitage EE.50 in Naqlun in 2016 brought to light an extensive pottery assemblage composed of red-slipped goblets, bowls and plates of Egyptian origin, made of alluvial fabrics, and a few specimens imported from North African workshops. The repertoire of tableware was complemented with qullae made of marl and alluvial clays. Numerous cooking pots, pans and a single lid represent kitchen equipment. Goods were kept in large vessels of different types. Commodities such as wine, olive oil or fish sauce were delivered in amphorae: Egyptian LRA 7 and imported vessels, originating from North Africa (Tunisia), Cilicia, Cyprus and Rhodes(?). This assemblage has revealed some aspects of everyday life in the hermitage and confirmed the independent self-sufficient lifestyle of its inhabitants. The pottery assemblage is from the middle to the end of the 5th century AD.
5
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In search of the perfect wilderness. Anchoritism in Cistercian art and spirituality

38%
Tabor D.
Folia Historica Cracoviensia
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2016
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vol. 22
513-533
EN
The anchoretic trend in Cistercian spirituality has always been the subject of many studies. Cistercian anchoritism has been analysed by researchers such as George Duby, Terryl Kinder, Janet Burton and Julie Krery, Mette Bruun and Emilia Jamroziak. Exordium parvum and Vita Sancti Bernardi are basic sources containing key information on the origins of the Cistercian order. They describe the departure of Robert of Molesme and his group as a journey to the wilderness (ad eremum) in order to find better conditions for practising the rule of St. Benedict and following forefathers – Egyptian monks. Clairvaux II, Pontigny and Fontenay – first Burgundian churches of the Cistercians took form of a three-nave basilica with a transept (1130–1160). The temples were supposed to provide the best setting for contemplation. The so-called “Bernardine plan” was applied in the second generation of Cistercian churches, e.g. Fossanova, San Galgano, Casamari, Arabona, Haina (1148–1180). However, the plan was not the only architectural solution concerning Cistercian churches. There were also transept churches containing a presbytery culminated with a straight wall, surrounded with an ambulatory: Morimond, Ebrach, Ridaghshausen, Lubiąż; churches with an apsidal enclosure: Altzella, Sittich/Stiĉna,Valbuena, Huerta, Floran, Faleri or churches with multi-sided cathedral presbytery with an ambulatory and a circle of chapels: Ourscamp, Veruela, Poblet in the period from 1140 to 1180, Alcobaça, Vaucelle, Longpont, Royaumont, Varhem or Altenberg in the period from 1180 to 1240. Terryl Kinder and Megan Cassidy noticed the key factor shaping the significance of the Cistercian church space – the light. An important aspect of anchoritism is lectio divina, in which a monk finds himself in a kind of spiritual desert, facing the Word on his own. A consequence of such attitude in spiritual warfare as expressed in a number of miniatures depicting human struggle with a threatening beast in Cistercian codexes – Commantarii in Danielem by St. Hieronymus (Dijon, Bibliothèque Municipale 132), Moralia In Iob by St. Gregory the Great (Dijon, Bibliothèque Municipale, 168), (Dijon, Bibliothèque Municipale, 173). An exceptional message is found in the initial A(d te levavi) on a Cistercian gradual from Kamieniec (Wrocław University Library, IF 411), presenting the biblical figure David playing music and a kneeling monk with his arms raised.
PL
Nurt anachorecki w duchowości cysterskiej był przedmiotem rozważań wielu badaczy. Cysterskiemu pustelnictwu uwagę poświecili George Duby, Terryl Kinder, Janet Burton i Julie Krery, Mette Bruun i Emilia Jamroziak. Podstawowymi źródłami do odczytania początków zakony cysterskiego są Exordium parvum oraz Vita Sancti Bernardi. Opisują one odejście Roberta z Molesme i jego grupy jako udanie się na pustynię (ad eremum) w celu znalezienia lepszych warunków wiernego praktykowania reguły św. Benedykta i naśladowania ojców – mnichów egipskich. Pierwsze, burgundzkie świątynie cystersów – Clairvaux II, Pontigny, Fontenay, przybierały formę trójnawowej bazyliki z transeptem (1130–1160). One miały ustanawiać kształt świątyni najlepiej sprzyjający kontemplacji. Plan, zwany roboczo bernardyńskim, stosowany był w drugiej generacji świątyń cysterskich – Fossanova, San Galgano, Casamari, Arabona, Haina (1148–1180). Jednakże plan ten nie był jedynym architektonicznym rozwiązaniem cysterskim. Pojawiły się również kościoły transeptowe z prostym zamknięciem prezbiterium okalającym obejście – Morimond, Ebrach, Ridaghshausen, Lubiąż, kościoły z zamknięciem absydialnym – Altzella, Sittich/Stiĉna,Valbuena, Huerta, Floran, Faleri, czy kościoły o wielobocznym prezbiterium katedralnym z obejściem i wieńcem kaplic – Ourscamp, Veruela, Poblet w okresie 1140–1180, Alcobaça, Vaucelle, Longpont, Royaumont, Varhem czy Altenbergu w okresie 1180–1240. Terryl Kinder i Megan Cassidy dostrzegły zasadniczy czynnik kształtujący znaczenie cysterskiej przestrzeni kościelnej – światło. Ważnym aspektem anachoretyzmu jest lectio divina, w którym mnich znajduje się na swego rodzaju pustyni duchowej, stając sam na sam wobec Słowa. Konsekwencją tej postawy jest walka duchowa wyrażana w szeregu miniatur ukazujących zmaganie człowieka z zagrażającą bestią w kodeksach cysterskich – Commantarii in Danielem św. Hieronima (Dijon, Bibliothèque Municipale 132), Moralia In Iob św. Grzegorza Wielkiego (Dijon, Bibliothèque Municipale, 168), (Dijon, Bibliothèque Municipale, 173). Wyjątkową treść niesie inicjał A(d te levavi) cysterskiego graduału z Kamieńca (Wrocław, Biblioteka Uniwersytecka IF 411), który przedstawia scenę walki, muzykującego Dawida oraz klęczącego i wznoszącego ręce mnicha.
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