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EN
In 2006 NESTA presented the fi rst of fi ve reports on hidden innovation. The aim of those reports was to explain the UK paradox — namely, the fact that according to traditional indicators, Great Britain is much less innovative than other developed countries and concurrently is one of the largest economies in the world. NESTA experts, looking for the causes of this state of affairs, stated that the strength of the British economy depended to a large extent on industries where innovations are not included in traditional measures of innovation. Then they took up the possibility of creating a new innovation index, which would take into account the hidden innovation, and presented the policies supporting the development of innovations. In this paper we will try to summarize and evaluate to what extent NESTA experts succeeded in accomplishing the aforementioned tasks.
PL
Innowacje w sektorach kreatywnych różnią się od innowacji produktowych i procesowych znanych w ekonomii z teorii Schumpetera. O ile wskaźnikiem innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych są wydatki na działalność badawczo-rozwojową , to miernik ten nie znajduje zastosowania w przypadku sektorów kreatywnych. Przedsiębiorstwa z tych sektorów wydają znacznie mniej na działalność badawczo-rozwojową niż przedsiębiorstwa przemysłowe, co wcale nie oznacza, że nie są innowacyjne. Innowacje w sektorach kreatywnych są efektem indywidualnej i zbiorowej kreatywności, która nie musi być wynikiem inwestowania w B+R. Są one także trudniejsze w pomiarach i mniej dostrzegalne niż tradycyjne innowacje.
EN
Innovation in creative industries differs from product and process innovations known from Schumpeter’s theory. While expenditures on research and development (usually in relation to the achieved profit) are the measure of innovativeness in manufacturing enterprises, they do not apply to the creative industries. Companies in creative industries spend much less on research and development (R&D )than industrial companies, which does not mean that they are not innovative. Innovation in the creative industries are the result of individual and collective creativity, which does not have to be the result of investment in R & D. They are also more difficult to measure and less visible than traditional innovation in manufacturing.
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